Duku gungwa munyika: nzvimbo, kukura,

Chii iduku gungwa munyika? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu inogona kuwanikwa munyaya ino. Uyezve, pano uri kuudzwa kwaanobva, chii nharaunda yake, anogara mairi, zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu chokuita nayo.

nyanza

Two-pavatatu pemvura redu anopindura mvura nzvimbo. nzvimbo Its zvachose anenge mamiriyoni 370 km ^2. Nhasi munharaunda vomunharaunda rinozivisa nyanza shanu yenyika:

1. akanyarara;
2. Indian;
3. South;
4. Atlantic;
5. Arctic.

kupatsanura ichi rakagamuchirwa neInternational Hydrographic Organization muna 2000, apo nyanza kwenyika yakanga pamutemo muzvikamu zvishanu izvi.

The mutsetse kuti wakapatsanura mumwe muviri mvura huru nevamwe ndokunge. Mvura inogona kuyerera kubva munyanza kune mumwe. On pamiganhu yavo kuitika okunze akasiyana, kunyanya dzenzvimbo nezvimwe mananara.

Ngationei duku gungwa munyika pane zvinofadza anogara mariri. Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi yakaoma anopa sayenzi oceanography.

Arctic

Duku gungwa munyika - kweArctic. A gobvu paiva Arctic echando gore kunhivi chinofukidza zvakawanda munharaunda yayo.

Nokuti kokutanga German Ocean akazviratidza pamepu iri nemanomwe remakore. Pakutanga rakatumidzwa Hyperborean. Kazhinji, nhoroondo ivepo, aiva mazita akawanda, mazhinji anozivikanwa zvayo nzvimbo.

Zita ano mugungwa rwakanga rwakakura pakutanga rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, pashure pakutsvakurudza aiongorora Admiral F. P. Litke.

Ndicho coldest zvose nyanza panyika inoganhurana mvura Pacific uye Atlantic. Kusimba zvichisiyana 350 M kusvika 5527 km svikiro - metres pamusoro 1200, uwandu mvura - ³ mamiriyoni 18 makiromita. Mvura penyanza multilayer: yakasiyana tembiricha uye salinity dhigirii. Kazhinji mirages, izvo kuumbwa nokuda kudhumhana anofadza uye kutonhora mhepo makore.

The mvura nzvimbo kweArctic Ocean kunosanganisira gumi makungwa. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo: White, Sea chukchi, nenyanza yeLaptev, Gungwa Barents, uye vamwe.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Arctic Ocean - duku gungwa munyika. The zita kunorondedzerwa nokuda kwayo nenzvimbo chinzvimbo. Nzvimbo vakafukidza North Pole, uyewo vakawanda kweArctic uye pazasi zvisungo pose. Pamhenderekedzo Ndashambidza mbiri makondinendi pakukura mvura yaro.

Very yakaderera tembiricha kuti kutonga pamusoro chando arctic mhepo, refu polar nousiku uye, sezvo zvakaguma nokushayikwa rezuva kupisa uye chiedza, pasi kwazvo kunonaya - izvi zvose zvinoita okunze kunonyanyisa chaizvo. Uyezve, ichi iduku gungwa munyika nokuda kwokushayiwa kupisa vakawanda akafukidzwa hombe Slabs echando.

Mahwendefa aya vari kugara ri- naizvozvo hombe murwi echando aumba.

miganhu

Arctic Ocean - duku gungwa munyika kubudikidza munharaunda. Nezvokuvandudzika 3.5% kubva romugove enyika mvura. Kazhinji, kwava miriyoni 15 km ^2. Kana tikaenzanisa pamwe Pacific Ocean, ndicho chikamu chikuru munyika, kweArctic - zviri chete ake chikamu chegumi.

Chinenge hafu yacho maigara Continental echiShinto. Kusimba pano ishoma, vanenge 350 metres.

Nechepakati chikamu pane dzakawanda zvakadzama Makomba kusvika 5000 mamita. Ivo vanoparadzaniswa mumwe transoceanic anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri (Haeckel Mendeleva, University).

vagari

Most kweArctic Ocean zhinji gore akafukidzwa chando, saka regai atambudzwe vezvikepe uye vehove. A zvishoma pano uye zvomugungwa uye zvirimwa. Kunyange zvakadaro pane vamiririri uye mafeni kuchitonhora okunze.

Apo mvura vari zvakawanda kana zvishoma husina chando, pane zvisimbiso, walruses, polar mabheya, hove huru, hove diki uye dzemugungwa.

Fauna kweArctic Ocean, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, nokuti kuchamhembe zvose nendima, dzinoratidzwa kurimwewo zviri pasi. Mumwe wavo - gigantism. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nokuvapo pano zvikuru mussels uye muramba, korari gungwa madandaude.

Chimwe chinhu - zviri hurefu. Ake chakavanzika kuti zvose pezvakaitwa upenyu vari kuregeredza pasi ezasi tembiricha.

Mussels kurarama pano makore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye muGungwa Black - chete matanhatu; kodhi kurarama kusvikira makore makumi maviri, uye halibut kazhinji kusvika matatu kana mana kwemakore.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

1. Duku gungwa munyika iri munzvimbo yechipiri mushure Pacific nenhamba Zvitsuwa dziri mundima yacho.
2. Water nharaunda rine raro sezvamunoita ndicho chitsuwa chikuru panyika (Zimbabwe) uye chikuru rezvitsuwa (Canadian Arctic).
3. Vazhinji penyanza nhema pasi chando gore kumativi.
4. Pakati Vasungwa zvakanzi rakawanikwa mukuru muramba. Rainzi cyanogen, zviri anenge maviri metres dhayamita uye tentacles anosvika makumi maviri mamita.
5. Uyewo anogara pano gungwa dandemutande ane gumbo hwamazuva anosvika matatu masendimita.
6. Pamahombekombe duku gungwa chiri mhuka kujairika - musk nzombe.
7. Nokuda nokudziya nzvimbo uye chando ukobvu vari kuderedzwa zvikuru. Inokudziridza mugomba chakakomba dambudziko kwezvakatipoteredza: mvura kubva kubvunda mazizaya kuwira munyanza, uye ayo pamwero ichamuka. Kana taifunga kuti vose mazizaya zvichanyunguduka, padanho vachamuka nokuda mamita matanhatu.
8. Vafambi vanoti pamusoro kurira penyanza Fani kuti vatakure manzwi vakawanda makiromita.
9. Chiitiko pamusoro Fata Morgana, iyo yakaumbwa kubva anotevedzana mirages cho kweArctic, kwete kuvhiringidza vafambi kurasika. Fani iyi alters zvikuru kwenzvimbo, achiratidza chaiye ari akavhiringika chaizvo fomu.