History of Lake Baikal yayo mavambo

Baikal nderimwe hofori indoor mvura miviri panyika. Hapana gungwa hazvigoni kuenzaniswa naye zvakadzama. Baikal ane zvinokosha mugove wenyika reserves mvura yakachena. kasvisto ayo uye fauna of zviri chaizvo siyana. mvura Baikal Zvinoshamisa yakachena uye yakajeka. Zvisinei, nhoroondo nyanza tsvakurudzo zvawave kwemakore anopfuura matatu emakore, kuramba zvakavanzika zhinji chokuita zera rake uye chinokonzera mavambo.

nzvimbo

Lake Baikal iri kumaodzanyemba chikamu Eastern kweSiberia, pamuganhu runoparadzanisa mundima Irkutsk nharaunda uye Republic of Buryatia. Gungwa iri mu akapoteredzwa pamatombo nezvikomo mhango, kuva kirisendi chimiro. Its kureba 620 km nohupamhi anoda kubva 24 kusvika 79? Km. The kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo iri matombo uye muduku precipitous kupfuura West. Mvura pamusoro nzvimbo akafanana ndima dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Zviri 31722 km ^2. Nokuti paakati ichi, kuti Baikal iri rakava rechinomwe munyika. Chete vamwe madhamu kupfuura ari American uye African makondinendi vanokurira mumvura huri munzvimbo.

udzamu

The Geological Nhoroondo Lake Baikal aiva mhosva yayo nemamwe maitiro. kwesainzi inosimbisa kuti gungwa iri zvakadzama munyika. Zvinofanira kufunga kuti chemwenje mvura iri nekukwirira mamita 456 pamusoro pegungwa. Hydro rwendo yakanyorwa uye vakanyora mamiriro ayo kunonyanyisa Lake muna 1642 mamita kudzika. Saka, kufadza Remote pachiso pfungwa iri pasi 1187 metres pazasi pegungwa. Ichi chinyorwa Nhamba unokubvumira kusanganisira Lake Baikal ari mazita zvakadzamisisa mumipata munyika. C inogona kuenzaniswa chete Lake Tanganyika nechepakati Africa uye kweGungwa reCaspian, iri pamutemo achinzi namahwindo muviri mvura, nekuti haana kuwana mumakungwa. udzamu yavo kwazvo 1000 m.

Vhoriyamu mvura

The refu nhoroondo Baikal tsvakurudzo akapa isingatarisirwi zhinji. Zvave vakaratidza kuti rine reserves pakukura yakachena mvura kwegungwa munyika. Inzwi wayo 23615? km ^3. Izvi anenge 20% yenyika reserves. kweGungwa reCaspian mari chete kukasapfuura kukosha ichi, asi mvura zviri wakawanda, sezvo kusiyana kugungwa. Nhoroondo chidzoke uye pave anokosha kasvisto uye fauna of kwegungwa kwakaita akasiyana nemamwe zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza hurongwa. Fresh mvura mudziva inopa isingawanzowanikwi kwomwoyo. Dziva iri shasha nyika, kwete chete yaro yakawanda asi unhu.

mvura mamiriro

Munhoroondo Lake Baikal chatinokoshesa kudzidza kasvisto ayo uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Somugumisiro, mvura kwegungwa chikwereti chacho yakasiyana wakachena vemo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Zvose zvinhu zvakasikwa hurongwa vari interconnected uye kufurira mumwe. Lake mvura zvikuru oxygenated. Rine kunyora nezvavo chitsama ichiputswa chicherwa zvinhu uye Organic netsvina. Kunyange kusvibiswa yokuvamba somugumisiro webasa kwevanhu, haanamati chinokosha kudzikira mumvura unhu. Kukura Bhizimisi uye toerisme indasitiri asingagari kupfuura pasina nokuda zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro kwegungwa. Zvisinei, zvachiri vanoramba pedyo mvura DISTILLATION zvibereko yakawanikwa murabhoritari. Chimwe zvikonzero zvayo zvinoshamisa kuchena ari upenyu nemaziso Crustacean. Izvi fauna of mumiririri akaita basa rinokosha munhau Lake Baikal. Crustacean dzinoita mu huru akawanda uye absorbs Organic yokuchenesa mvura kwegungwa zvoga.

pfungwa kuti panowanikwa

Nhoroondo kwakabva Baikal anoita zvimwe gakava. Gungwa iri mune imwe mumudziyo guru, iro akazviratidza pakakuvara yacho goko. The kwaita Baikal nokuda tectonic zvinokonzera. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi akaisa mberi shanduro kuti mhango inoumbwa kubata vaviri Continental mahwendefa - the Eurasian uye Indian. Vamwe vanoti gungwa iri mune mapazi ari rokuchinja mhosva. Akadaro goko mhando discontinuity kunoitika pamwe kumuganhu lithospheric kwamahwendefa. Uyezve, kune zvakaneta wasunungurwa esayenzi maonero, pfungwa pamusoro nechitarisiko foci kuti Vacuum kwakakonzerwa kupukunyuka kuti pose dombo kuputika. Maererano shanduro iyi, yaiva mhaka subsidence muzvinwiro.

Kusawirirana nezvenhoroondo kwakabva Lake Baikal mberi. Zvisinei, vakawedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina basa munharaunda iyi anosiya pasina mubvunzo pamusoro tectonic hunhu pakuonekwa mvura.

zera

Maererano masayendisiti vasingabvumirani zvakasimba pamusoro kureba Lake Baikal kare. The Tsika shanduro inoti gungwa pane makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 25. pfungwa Izvi zvinomutsa zvimwe kusava nechokwadi. Kazhinji madhamu akachengetedzwa kwaro yepakutanga chimiro haasi anopfuura zviuru 10-15 nemakore. Pashure paizvozvo, nokuda kuunganidza pakudzika yakawanda madhaka, ivo dzikava doro. The mubvunzo unomuka: sei, pasinei mamiriyoni akawanda zvemakore zvenhoroondo Baikal haadi kutendera zvinoitirwa?

Pane imwe nzira shanduro sananga yasimbiswa nevamwe zvidzidzo. Maererano naye, kuti Lake zera anenge 8000 nemakore. Sezvineiwo huru musiyano pakati zvetsika uye dzimwe dzidziso. Pari mubvunzo wemakore Lake Baikal anoramba yakazaruka.

oma

Kunyange muzhizha mvura mudziva hauna neshungu pamusoro 10 ° C. The kunonyanyisa tembiricha akati panguva munhau yose zvaanorumbidza pa 23 ° C. In yechando, mvura yaita chando anenge chose girazi. The Ice ukobvu kunosvika 1 m, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo kungava kusvika 2 m. Muchando, gungwa hove anotambura yakachena kukanganisika. Nokuda kwazvo frosts ari echando makatsemuka mamita anoverengeka rakafara. kureba ravo 10-30? km. Kuburikidza mitswi kunoitika saturation kwemvura okisijeni. Izvi anoponesa parufu vakawanda hove. oma kuti nyanza nguva yakakwana kunotora January kusvika May. Passenger uye zvinhu nemasaisai kunotanga June uye rinoguma muna September.

Biota

About hafu mhenyu iri Baikal kwemarudzi zvipenyu inowanika kumwe panyika. Izvi nokuda zindoga uye yekare zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza gadziriro kwegungwa. Maererano masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti Fauna of Lake Baikal ine 2,600 marudzi. Chikonzero ichi iri kusiyana mukuru okisijeni wevasungwa mumvura. Izvi zvinoita nyanza yakanaka dzinogarisana kuti mhuka dzose. Kuvapo chinokosha okisijeni anodzokororwa kunyange panguva huru pakadzika.

Of hove mhenyu dziva riri yakakurumbira Baikal omul. Akava yorudzii chiratidzo kwegungwa. Water Shongwe anogara mazana mhando flatworms, molluscs uye crustaceans. Nechepasi pane sechipanji kuti vafukidze matombo rakasimba excrescence. Vanopa mahombekombe panopinda dzakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu.

ugari

Nhoroondo kukura Baikal akatanga anenge ari II remakore BC. Kutaurwa kwegungwa wokutanga zvirimowo nenzira Chinese remanyoro iyoyo. Maererano vanochera matongo, makore 3000 akapfuura Baikal nharaunda yaigarwa madzinza Mongoloid, madzitateguru of Evenk. Mukutanga Middle Ages kumaodzanyemba kweSiberia akazviratidza nyika, izvo zviri Chinese akanyorwa akanzi "guligan". Vamiririri ayo vaiita mombe maberekero uye zvokurima, vakakwanisa tsvina simbi. Muzana XVII remakore paumbwe Buryat rupi madzinza Mongolian uyo akatamira kuchamhembe kweSiberia kumadokero.

Nhoroondo Russian pakati kuwanikwa Lake Baikal chokuita nezita Cossack Kurbat Ivanova. The rwendo pasi utungamiriri hwake kusvika kugungwa muna 1643. Vakawana nokuda tsarist hurumende mishumo fuma nharaunda akafanosarudza pakuzadzisa nhoroondo Lake Baikal. tsanangura muchidimbu gungwa muna 1665, yakakurumbira mupristi Habhakuki, uyo akashanyira Mahombekombe ayo ari munzira yake muutapwa.

tsvakurudzo

Pakutanga mashoko XVIII remakore paiva mepu Lake Baikal. By zvarayirwa Peter I kuSiberia yakatumwa rwendo nesayenzi vanotungamirirwa chiremba Daniel Messershmitdom. Akava kwaibva rokutanga mashoko akavimbika pamusoro nyanza nemakapoteredza. mupiro wake pakudzidza Lake Baikal vane masayendisiti zvaiva chikamu Great Northern rwendo rinotungamirirwa Vitus Bering. Vakaita rondedzero kwegungwa uye vakaunganidza zvakawanda pamusoro kasvisto ayo uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Yokutanga Meteorological chiteshi musi Baikal rakaumbwa yechipiri yezana XIX remakore. basa ravo rakanga kuitisa kuramba richiona nezvezvabuda pamusoro tembiricha nokufamba mugungwa mvura sandara, uye kuchinja mairi. Mumakore iwayo zvakanga akatanga kudzidza pasi kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.

Climate

Kuwedzera kune mamwe akawanda akasiyana features, Baikal ndiyo inozivikanwa ayo mamiriro kujairika ekunze. Matombo nomunzvimbo dzine uye kuvapo vakawanda hombe remvura mudziva kunyevenutsa East Siberian Continental ekunze. Mhepo tembiricha munharaunda mudziva akatsiga. Summer iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa vematunhu Paavhareji unotonhorera kupfuura dzakapoteredza, uye hapana kwazvo frosts muchando. Nokuti Baikal ekunze kunoratidzwa refu kwematsutso uye kunonoka kutanga kwematsutso.