Kureba neequator

Nokuti vakawanda vedu shoko "neequator" rine chokuita nerwonzi runoparadzanisa yedu nyika vakaita mapoka maviri maviri. Panyaya iyi, hazvishamisi kuti vanhu vari kubvunza: chii neequator? Equator - chinhu zvekufungidzira mutsetse kuti chaizvo intersects pemvura wedu Earth ndege, riri kuonekwa perpendicular kuti akabatana kuti vachishandisa kutenderera nyika uye anomhanya zvakanaka nepakati. With rechiLatin rokuti "Aequator" rinoshandurudza se "equalizer." mutsetse uyu - kwakajairika kutanga kuverenga rusununguko kuenzana neequator 0 inegumi.

Kureba neequator iri 40 075 676 km pemitsara vasara (zvakafanana) anogara asingasviki kureba kwayo. Mumazana mitsetse ake nguva dzose masikati nousiku vakaenzana. Ndicho ikweta rinokamukana nyika kupinda hemispheres maviri, South uye North. Kaviri pagore, panguva yematsutso uye muchirimo rinenge riine zuva iri riri kwayo pamusoro-soro. The Vernal rinenge riine inowira musi March 20-21, uye kuwa - musi September 23. In iwayo mazuva zuva iri zvakananga panhongonya, uye zvinhu regai kukanda mimvuri.

Length ikweta masayendisiti dzaona maererano yemaitiro 2πR, pasinei nokuti nyika haisi idenderedzwa mu chimiro, uye kunosvika muchimiro ane ellipse (bhora, flattened ari matanda). Zvisinei, kuti nharaunda iri nyika provisionally vakagamuchirwa nokuda nharaunda yacho bhora. Land urefu panguva neequator ndiyo wakarebesa mutsetse pakubhiti Pasi. An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti michinjikwa nyika 14.

Kana isu kufamba kubva Greenwich Meridian kuti nechokumabvazuva, neequator chinoyambuka inoti akadai muSão Tomé nePríncipe muAtlantic Ocean, ipapo Gabon, Congo, Kenya, Uganda uye Somalia mu Africa. Kufambira pamwe kuIndian Ocean, chobudira kuburikidza Maldives uye Indonesia. Mune Pacific, neequator chinoyambuka chitsuwa Kiribati uye Baker, zvake ari US, ipapo - Ecuador, Colombia uye Brazil, izvo iri kondinendi South American. nyika idzi ndidzo Hottest panyika.

Kureba neequator kokutanga dzaona rekare rechiGiriki nyanzvi Eratosthenes, uyo akanga asiri chete yemasvomhu kukuru, geographer, nyanduri, asi wavawo muongorori wenyeredzi. Nokuyera nguva panguva iyo chezuva kusvika pasi patsime, musayendisiti akakwanisa kuverenga nharaunda yacho yose uye kuziva chii nokureba neequator. Masvomhu ava anofungidzirwa, asi vanopiwa zvikuru vaizotevera masayendisiti zvakarurama kuverenga urefu zvekufungidzira mutsetse. Eratosthenes Kirensk akaberekwa muna 276 BC uye vakafa muna 194 BC

Rakanga mumwe mukuru masayendisiti zvenyika yekare. Akaberekerwa nechiGiriki guta wokuKurini uye III Euergetes aiva mutariri raibhurari cheArekizandiria, panguva kukokwa naMambo Ptolemy. Ichi nyanzvi huru vakafa nenzara zvinotyisa urombo, asi akaburuka munhau somunhu akachenjera mutsvakurudzi ane unoshamisa ainoita nesayenzi. Kureba neequator akaenzana Eratosphen 252 zviuru matanho, inova 39 690? Km. Musiki akarongeka uye mumuviri jogirafi, Eratosthenes akaita zvinhu zvikuru munzvimbo dzakawanda. Modern murume zvakaoma chaizvo kunzwisisa sei musayendisiti, pasina zviridzwa, akaita dzaona chii kureba neequator, ane kukanganisa makiromita 386 chete.

Masayendisiti akawanda uye mathematicians, nyanzvi uye gare gare vakaedzawo kuverenga urefu neequator. Dutchman vandine mukuvamba XVII remakore, zvinganaka exchange kukosha ichi pasina panyaya zvipingamupinyi nazvo. Muzana XVIII remakore Masvomhu dzakadaro zvakakomba kwaisanganisira masayendisiti kubva kuFrance. VokuRussia dzakasikwawo kusiya shure uye vakabatsira kuti sayenzi, iyo akatibvumira kuziva chii nokureba wenyika panguva neequator. Director pakati ari Pulkovo Observatory V.Ya.Struve akapedza nokuyerwa pamwero munguva kubvira 1822 kusvika makore 1852, uye muna 1941 musayendisiti Soviet uye pachivakwa FN Krasovsky akakwanisa kuverenga urefu pano ellipse iyo dzinga masayendisiti ano munyika yose, sezvo kuzivikanwa sezvo chiero.