Kuronga seti nekongiri simba: features, mifananidzo, ano uye kiyi chaitwa zviratidzi

Chimwe chinokosha zviratidzo zviri kunaka kongiri anoita simba. Kana iwe uzive zvinodiwa ehurumende mitemo, zvinokwanisika kuwana ruzivo pamusoro kuti simba anogona anosiyana kubva M50 kusvika 800. Zvisinei, chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira pezvitsiga ndiwo kongiri kubva M100 kusvika 500.

Kurapwa purogiramu

A mhinduro ine kongiri kuti imwe nguva pashure kudira Muchawana hunokwanisa kuita ehupfumi. Iyi nguva penguva inonzi incubation nguva, zvinogona kuitwa pashure pokushandisa runodzivirira. Purogiramu akaisa simba kongiri inoratidza nguva panguva iyo zvinhu kuchasvika chemhando simba mumatunhu. Kana kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu vanoponeswa, ipapo zvichada mazuva 28.

Mazuva mashanu okutanga - nguva apo ichava kuzviita kuomesa. Asi panguva mazuva 7 pashure pokupedza mashoko rinosvika 70% simba. Uyezve basa rokuvaka inokurudzirwa kutanga pashure kusvika nesimba nemhedziso chii chinoitika pashure pemazuva 28. Purogiramu akaisa simba kongiri pamusoro nguva zvingava zvakasiyana nomumwe mhosva. Kuti tizive nguva, akaita urongwa bvunzo ivhu.

Chiizve unofanira kuziva

Kana basa riri monolithic redzimba pakuvaka kuitwa inodziya nguva, kuti optimize kuti incubation musanganiswa uye yawana zvivako acho mumuviri zvemaziso vanofanira kutsigira rokuvaka formwork uye siya kukura mushure dismantling yacho fenzi. Kuronga seti nekongiri simba muchando ichava yakasiyana. Kuti vabudirire simba giredhi, zvakakodzera kupa kudziyisa nekongiri uye mvura. Izvi imhaka yokuti tembiricha repasi inobatsira kunetesa polymerization.

Kuti kuisa simba kwakaitika nekukurumidza, uye panguva nekongiri dzokupisa yakanga kushoma, zvakakodzera kuwedzera zvokubikisa peskobeton uyo vodoprotsentnoe reshiyo riri shoma. Kana ejecha mvura anowedzerwa mune nhamba mana nerimwe, ipapo musi uchatemwa hafu. Kuti vawane mugumisiro wakadaro murwiyo inofanira vaisanganisa ne plasticizers. Musanganiswa anogona ukurumidze kufunga somunhu kana artificially kusimudza tembiricha kwayo.

Kudzora okurapa

Kuronga kuva nekongiri simba yaiitwa, kwenguva yakati - kusvika pavhiki - zvakafanira ezvidzidzo matanho nechokwadi zvinhu kuti mhinduro vakwegura. Zvakakosha kuti vakuchidzire, humidify uye chiteshi unyoro uye nokupisa-insulating zvinhu.

Kuti aite izvi, kupisa pfuti dzinoshandiswa kazhinji. Pfungwa iri inobhadharwa nyanzvi dzinokurudzira wetting pemvura. Mushure memazuva 7 pashure kutsinga pasi izvi ezvinhu, kana ambient tembiricha kuchaita siyana 25 kusvika 30 ° C, magadzirirwo inogona akatakura.

kupatsanura pakati concretes

Kana simende rinoshandiswa muitiro nokusanganisa nemhinduro uye zvetsika rizere aggregates, izvo achitirega kuwana inorema nziyo, iro musanganiswa mashoko anoreva zvidzidzo M50-M800. Kana usati kongiri giredhi M50-M450, gadziriro ayo porous fillers anoshandiswa, kubvumira kugamuchira chiedza nziyo. Concrete ane hachizi mukati M50, M150, kana zviri nyore chaizvo kana chiedza, uyewo cellular.

Design mugwaro kongiri tinofanira kutsunga panguva padariro kugadzirira mapepa kuvaka chinhu. mamirire ichi anopiwa, inobva kuramba axial compression mu-cubes ivhu. The chikuru kuvaka mazano ari ane axial tensile muchiso esimende ari ipapo kutsunga pairi.

A seti nekongiri simba (yakatarwa purogiramu makakatanwa) kuchapedza refu kana kuwedzera muchiso pamusoro compressive simba. Asi kune mukuru simba zvinhu tensile simba kukura ari tava kuderera. Zvichienderana chii Zvinoumba musanganiswa nedunhu kushandiswa, uye akatsunga kirasi muchiso simba.

Chinonyanya zvokuvakisa inokurukurwa pamwe inotevera pezvitsiga:

• M50.
• M75.
• M100.

Kushandiswa pakuvaka zvivako zvinokosha. Kana akavaka zvakagadzirwa uye zvivako yaida yakakwirira simba kongiri rinoshandiswa M300 muchiso. Asi pakuberekwa kutsva zviri screed ndiyo yakanakisisa kushandisa chikamu muchiso M200. Vazhinji vane simba cements kuti zvizivikanwe kutanga M500.

Kuvimba tembiricha Kurapwa

Kana uchida kushandisa mhinduro iri rokuvaka, unofanira kuziva zvarongwa yakatarwa hwesimba kongiri pamusoro tembiricha. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, marongerwe kunoitika mazuva pashure nokusanganisa mhinduro painobuda. Asi okuguma wokutanga danho vanofanira nguva iyo ambient tembiricha wokutevedzera.

Somuenzaniso, apo tembiricha anodzokororwa panguva kumativi 20 ° C kana kupfuura uye panovira zvinotora awa. The kwacho kunotangira 2 maawa pashure musanganiswa rinogadzirirwa, uye akapedza muna 3 h. Nguva uye kuvakwa pachikuva muchando Snap ichaendeswa panovira vachada zvinopfuura zuva. Kana lämpömittari wakachengetwa pana zero, muitiro anotanga maawa anopfuura 6-10 pashure gadziriro mhinduro, uye rinogara kusvika maawa 20 pashure zvokukanda.

Zvakakosha kuziva zvakawanda uye kuderedza viscosity. In danho rokutanga, mushonga anoramba chinjwa. Panguva iyi, zvinokwanisika richiva zvokuimba chiito, achipa zvandinenge chimiro kugadzirwa. kuisa danho inogona kuwedzerwa nokushandisa thixotropy mashandiro, kushanda zvokuimba chiito pamusoro musanganiswa. Vakasvikapowo chemhinduro panguva chesamende chisanganiso rinopa chiwedzerwa wokutanga Danho.

Kubva simba kongiri kuti vakapiswa zvichienderana tembiricha uye nguva

Starter vavaki yemanyorero kufarira purogiramu kuisa kongiri simba B25 ° C. Muchiitiko chino, zvose zvichava kuvimba mugiredhi nekongiri nokuomesa nguva. Kana kushandiswa apo nokusanganisa Portland chairo mukati M 400 kusvika 500, pakupedzisira kukwanisa kugamuchira kongiri M200-300. Papera zuva tembiricha yawo chikamu nesimba compressive pakati sezvamunoita giredhi 23. Pashure maviri, matatu mazuva, nhamba iri kuchawedzera kusvika 40 uye 50%, ukuwo.

5, 7 uye 14 kwamazuva chikamu simba giredhi akaenzana 65, 75 uye 90%, ukuwo. Purogiramu akaisa simba kongiri B30 ° C zvishoma kushanduka. Mushure rimwe zuva uye vaviri simba achava 35 uye 55% azvaitwa kuti branding. Mushure matatu, shanu uye nomwe mazuva simba akaenzana 65, 80 uye 90%, ukuwo. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuchengeteka pamutemo nguva akaenzana 50%, ukuwo basa anogona kutanga chete kana simba kongiri yasvika mucherechedzo 72% of kukosha muchiso.

The simba dzinonetsa nekongiri, zvichienderana zvizivikanwe: kudzokorora

Pakarepo mushure kudira mushonga Chinobudirira simba nokuda Kupisa Zera, asi pashure mvura nechando kwacho rinomira. Kana basa iri kutarisirwa kuita muchando kana mumatsutso, zvakakosha kuwedzera agadzirise zviri antifreeze nezvakasanganiswa. Mushure kuisa aluminous esimende inongorira zvakawanda kupisa ka7 pane zvavo Portland simende. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti wakagadzirira musanganiswa pahwaro hwayo vachawana simba uye panguva kuderedzwa tembiricha.

Kumhanya kwacho hunotifambira zvakawanda uye muchiso. Pane zviri kudzika kupfuura pamusoro yaizova simba dzinonetsa. Purogiramu akaisa simba kongiri, pfupiso iyo kunoratidzwa munyaya kunoratidza kuti yakaoma simba kongiri mamakisi pamusoro M15 150 ndiyo 50%. For zvivako dzakagadzirwa prestressed kongiri muchiso kubva M200 kusvika 300, mutengo uyu 40% kubva branding. Concrete inoratidza kubva M400 kusvika 500 ane simba dzinonetsa mukati 30%.

Kuomesa nekongiri kwenguva refu

Purogiramu kuisa kongiri simba (SNP 52-01-2003) hakungoitwi mwedzi. Kupedza muitiro achirapa kunogona kutora makore akawanda. Asi iwe unogona kutsanangura chesamende chiratidzo pashure 4 mavhiki. Mukurumari magadzirirwo achaita rokutsvaka panguva aimhanya siyana. Most kuzviita izvi rinobuda vhiki yokutanga. Pashure 3 months, simba kuwedzera nokuda 20%, pashure kwacho iri seiyi, asi kwete akamira. Figure aigona kaviri mumakore matatu, huchachinja izvi:

• nguva;
• mwando;
• tembiricha;
• mugiredhi kongiri.

Kazhinji, vavaki ruzivo vari kushamisika mune anoshanyira purogiramu kuisa kongiri simba kunogona kuwanikwa. Kana ukatarira muna GOST 18105-2010, unogona kudzidza zvose zvakawanda nezvazvo. In magwaro aya zvinonzi kutaurwa kuti tembiricha zvakananga zvarinoita ya kwacho. Somuenzaniso, pana 40 ° C mazambiringa ukoshi zvasvika mukati pavhiki. Saka, hazvina varumbidzwa kuita basa iri nguva yechando. Pashure anodziya chesamende pamusoro yayo matambudziko, nokuti ichi unofanira kushandisa michina uye pre-Aingoziva mabikirwo. Asi musanganiswa akanga neshungu vanopfuura 90 ° C uye zvachose isingagamuchiriki.

mhedziso

Taongorora purogiramu okurapa, unogona kunzwisisa kuti nokutorera kunoitika apo inopfuura 50% of kukosha muchiso simba chacho. Zvisinei, kana ambient tembiricha akadonha pasi 10 ° C, mazambiringa ukoshi zvasvika uye pashure 2 weeks. mamiriro aya ekunze anoratidza kudiwa muchidziisa kukandira mhinduro.