Kushandisa wave ehupfumi nechiedza. diffraction nesefa

Chinozunguzirwa nature chiedza watopiwa akaratidza kwenguva yakareba. Kugadzirisa matambudziko inoshanda dzinowanzotaura nenhungamiro geometric optics, asi chinozunguzirwa ehupfumi chiedza iri inoshandiswa zvikuru muminda nesayenzi yemazuva uye ano siyana. Muenzaniso uyu diffraction. Mano sefungu kufonyora kumativi zvipingamupinyi akamisidzana munzira kwayo, uye inozivikanwa nechiedza. Izvi zvinoitika kana mafungu kuwira mukati kutsanangurwa dzinonzi geometric mumvuri. The utsanangurirwe Chiitiko pakati diffraction anopa Huygens 'musimboti. Maererano tsananguro iyi, nguva imwe neimwe munzira chinozunguzirwa achisimuka, inova muzinda yechipiri mafungu. The hamvuropu nemafungu izvi anopiwa wavefront nzvimbo nomumwe unozotevera nguva.

Ari muenzaniso ndege chinozunguzirwa kazhinji chiitiko pamusoro buri akaita nenzira opaque chidzitiro, dzidziso Huygens, neimwe pfungwa iri dzinounzwa ane mugove hwomukova wavefront, yokusafa kukwanisa kuva kunobva yechipiri mafungu (ari homogeneous isotropic svikiro vari idenderedzwa).

Zvakatikwanira gadzirisa hamvuropu yacho yechipiri nemafungu pane imwe nguva, kuti kuronda nyore Chiitiko pakati diffraction chinozunguzirwa kumucheto mugomba. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti wavefront anopinda nzvimbo dzinonzi geometrical mumvuri.

Kushandisa diffraction ehupfumi zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa mudziyo, inonzi diffraction nesefa. In kwavo kwokutanga kuedza chokuita kuti diffraction chiedza Dzheyms Gregori akashandisa senguva munhenga. Zvadaro, iye chikatsiviwa chaiwo Manyiminya mudziyo. The diffraction nesefa inodhindwa pamusoro pemvura weumwe akagadzirwa chinokosha nhamba mitsetse yakarongwa nguva dzose. Vanogona kuva cheap car insurance namaberere, zvichienderana mhando dzakasvikwa chesamende nesefa.

Kune mhando mbiri lattices - tichifungisisa uye yakajeka. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira namano kuti kushandisa tichifungisisa pamusoro shamhu takanyorera. Wechipiri läpinäkyvä pamusoro rinoshandiswa pano rinogona kushandisirwa sezvo basa unobatwa, uye mutswe.

The kushanda nheyo diffraction nesefa anonzi zvakananga zvinozunguzirwa ehupfumi nechiedza. Kuputsa chiedza chinozunguzirwa pamberi grille aishandisa zvokurova. Somugumisiro, akaumba vainzi mumwe matanda coherent chiedza. Achirapwa diffraction nokuda kubata, chinokanganisa nomumwe. Yandakapiwa siyana wavelengths ari kukanganiswa maxima pave yakasiyana zvachose pamakona (vakatsunga nzira musiyano apindire matanda), vakawana panguva goho yaora kuva chakarondedzera chiedza chena.

The diffraction nesefa rinoshandiswa senzira mudziyo muminda mabasa evanhu akasiyana. Rinoshandiswa spectroscopic zviridzwa uye sei mashoko Manyiminya sensors ose chisina kutsetseka (Linear) kufamba uye sezvo polarizers kana michini filters. Uyewo, zvingava danda mahwanda nokuda interferometers kana girazi "Anti-tichifungisisa" pfungwa.

Pane diffraction nechakarukwa chayo chendarira X-ray. Sikai zvikazooneka kuti zvazviri zvisingabviri basa. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, masayendisiti ndikaenda yepakutanga nzira. Nokuti manyowa kuti maekisirei vaishandisa sekristaro lattices vamwe crystals.

Somunhu maitiro chikuru anonzi chisarudzo diffraction nesefa. Zvinomirira uwandu mitsara iri afoot, iyo zvikawanda sezvakarayirwa kufadza danda. Mashoko aya anogona kunyorwa zvikuru sezvo nokutaura kuti musiyano akaenzana itirana musiyano pakati nguva zvikamu nendima zvikuru mwaranzi kakawanda maitiro, havanzi inovhiringidza.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva wakanaka ari diffraction nesefa inogona tsindirana dhisiki kana mundiro. Asi nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi maindasitiri midziyo yaishandiswa yepamusorosoro midziyo dzakakwirira nemazvo.