Chii chakazoitika Hall

Kana ukabvunza mumwe munhu aiziva wefizikisi nenhanho nezivo chii nomugumisiro Hall uye parinogona parinoshandiswa, haugoni kuwana mhinduro. Zvinoshamisa, mune zviri munyika yanhasi iri zvinoitika kazhinji. Kutaura zvazviri, migumisiro Hall inoshandiswa akawanda magetsi namano. Somuenzaniso, kamwe yakakurumbira kombiyuta floppy dhisiki Zvifambiso anosarudza kwokutanga chinzvimbo injini kushandisa emagetsi Hall. Kwakakodzera sensors vari "akatamira" uye zano Zvifambiso ano kuti maCD (zvose CD, uye DVD). Uyezve, mafomu zvinosanganisira siyana kuyera nhumbi kwete chete, asi kunyange Magetsi emagetsi kwakavakirwa Kushandurwa kupisa kusvika parukova mhosva nezvimedu pedyo remagineti (MHD).

Edwin Herbert Hall muna 1879 gore, kudzidza kuedza ane conductive mundiro, muchikarira zvinofadza kuwanikwa pakutanga kuona, zvinogona panowanikwa kutanga (mupfungwa) ari kukurukurirana pamusoro Magetsi uye remagineti. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Ngatitaurei kuita zvishoma pfungwa yetsvakurudzo: tora simbi yairema uye vafambe nayo Magetsi. Next, akariisa muimba kwokunze remagineti kuti mitsetse mumunda simba nezvatinovavarira perpendicular kuti ndege yacho conductive ndiro. Somugumisiro, zviso (mhiri mirayiridzo magetsi), anogona musiyano. Ndiyo kushanda Hall. The Chikonzero parinowanika unozivikanwa Lorentz simba.

Pane nzira yokuziva kukosha Pamusana voltage (dzimwe nguva unonzi mukana Hall). Mukuru okuti anotora chimiro:

Uh = Eh * H,

apo H - bwendefa ukobvu; Eh - simba kwokunze munda.

Sezvo vanokwanisa imhaka redistribution muripo vatakuri vari kondakita, yava shoma (kwacho haagari nokusingaperi). Lateral kwebasa vebasa achamira panguva apo kukosha Lorentz simba (F = Q * vs. * B) kuti inofananidza kushorwa Q * Eh (Q - mutariri).

Sezvo kuitika arambe achirema J akaenzana chigadzirwa muripo arambe achirema, dzichimhanya uye munhu netsika Q, i.e.

J = N * Q * V,

ukuwo,

v = J / (Q * n).

Nokudaro (unobatanidza payakavakirwa nesimba):

Eh = B * (J / (Q * n)).

Sangana dzose pamusoro uye kuona zvinogona pechivanze kuburikidza kukosha vebasa:

Uh = (J * B * H) / N * q).

Hall zvazviri kunoratidza kuti dzimwe nguva pane simbi haina kuchengetwa Erekitironi uye mugomba conduction. Somuenzaniso, zviri cadmium, beryllium, uye zinc. Kudzidza kushanda Hall semiconductors, pakanga pasina mubvunzo kuti basa vakatakura - kuti "mugomba". Zvisinei, sezvo kare akaratidza, zviri zvinoshandawo simbi. Zvaidavirwa kuti apo basa kuparadzirwa (paumbwe horo chivakwa) vanhuwo Vector chakaumbwa maerekitironi (kunaka chiratidzo). Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti kumunda pari asingadi kusika maerekitironi. In tsika, pfuma iyi inoshandiswa kuona arambe achirema muripo vatakuri ari semiconducting zvinhu.

No zvishoma zvinozivikanwa kushanda quantum Hall (1982). Rinomirira mumwe zvivako vaviri-dimensional Erekitironi gasi conduction (zvacho vakasununguka kuenda mbiri chete mirayiridzo) pasi ezvinhu zvikuru pasi tembiricha yakakwirira kwokunze rinobva minda. kuvapo "kusabatana" yakawanikwa apo kudzidza kushanda. Paiva vafunge kuti mhosva haisi inoumbwa vatakuri kuroora (1 + 1 + 1), uye zvinoumba (1 + 1 + 0.5). Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti hapana mitemo akavhuniwa. Maererano Pauli musimboti, kumativi mumwe Erekitironi ari remagineti zvinoumbwa mwaranzi yacho vortex chekubuda imwe mhando. With kuwedzera munda kuchinyanya mamiriro ezvinhu inomuka apo chienderane "= mumwe chete Erekitironi vortex" haizorambi kugutsikana. Mumwe PARTICIPLE vane vakawanda quanta kuti rinobva nekubudisa. nezvimedu itsva Ava kunyatsotaura mhaka rimwe fractional mugumisiro apo mugumisiro Hall.