Kwemasvomhu chizvaro. chizvaro chokuwanziridza

More Chinese masvomhu yekare yaishandiswa kwavo computation pambiru mu tabular chimiro neumwe nhamba mitsara neshongwe. Zvadaro, kufanana kwemasvomhu zvinhu anotaurwa so "nemashiripiti inoungana". Kunyange akazivisa zviitiko kushandiswa mabwendefa muchimiro zvokuridza, achigere nevakawanda wokurera.

Pari, munhu akarongeka chizvaro inowanzobvunzwa kunzwisisa obokt rectangular chimiro pamwe akafanorongerwa dzinoverengeka mbiru uye nezviratidzo dzaanofanira kukura chizvaro. In masvomhu, rudzi akarekodwa rave richishandiswa nevakawanda pakunyora mune chitsidzo muchimiro differential gadziriro uyewo Linear algebraic equations. Zvinofungirwa kuti nhamba mitsara iri chizvaro akaenzana nhamba aripo negadziriro equations, nhamba mbiru anoenderana zvakadini zvisingazivikanwi inofanira rinorondedzerwa nzira mumushonga.

Kunze chokwadi kuti chizvaro pacharo mukufamba kwaro mhinduro kunotungamirira kuwana asingazivikanwi kuri mumashoko ezvinhu ezvinhu, pane zvinoverengeka algebraic akavhiyiwa kuti vanobvumirwa kutakura pamusoro apa kwemasvomhu chinhu. Pamazita Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera matrices muchiva miganhu. The chokuwanziridza pakati matrices vane kukura zvakakodzera (zvinobvira kuwanda munhu chizvaro mumwe divi rine vakawanda mbiru zvakaenzana nokuwanda mitsara chizvaro mhiri). Zvinonzi akabvumirawo kuwanda munhu chizvaro pedyo Vector, kana chinhu ichocho kana pechingoro mhete (zvimwe scalar).

Kufunga chizvaro chokuwanziridza anofanira kunyatsoongororwa zvazvaiita kuti kukurairisai nhamba mbiru zvakaenzana nokuwanda mitsara wechipiri. Zvikasadaro, Zvakaitwa chizvaro haina kunorondedzerwa. Maererano nomurau, izvo chizvaro-chizvaro chokuwanziridza, nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana zviri mumitsetse itsva yakaenzana Verengai zvibereko unoenderana zvenyaya mitsara yokutanga chizvaro zvinhu nevamwe pembiru.

Kuti zvijeke, ngatikurukurei muenzaniso sei chizvaro chokuwanziridza kunoitika. Tora chizvaro A

2 3 -2

3 4 0

-1 2 -2,

muwande kubudikidza chizvaro B

3 -2

1 0

4 -3.

The chinhu mutsara mbiru kunoguma chizvaro wokutanga akaenzana 2 3 + 3 * 1 + (- 2) * 4. Nokudaro, muna nekabhunakeri yechipiri mbiru chinhu richafanana 2 * (- 2) + 3 0 + (- 2) * (- 3), uye zvichingodaro kusvikira nokuzadza mumwe chinhu chizvaro itsva. Rule chizvaro chokuwanziridza kunosanganisira kuti mugumisiro chigadzirwa Exchange chizvaro parameters kubudikidza chizvaro ane reshiyo nxk, anova tafura ine kukura mamita X k. Zvichitevera mutemo uyu, tinogona kugumisa kuti zvibereko inonzi mativi matrices ukuwo, zvakafanana kuti anogara kunorondedzerwa.

Kubva ehupfumi akadzadzwa chizvaro chokuwanziridza inofanira dzinounzwa sechinhu chinokosha chokuti oparesheni ichi hachisi commutative. Ndizvo zvinobikwa chizvaro M kuna N haana kuenzana zvibereko N kubudikidza M. Kana mune mativi matrices zvakafanana murayiro akacherechedza kuti avo mberi uye neizvi chigadzirwa anogara kwatemwa, akasiyana chete Saka rectangular chizvaro akaita zvimwe zvinhu hakusi kuzadzika.

In chizvaro chokuwanziridza pane zvinoverengeka zvivako kuti vane yakajeka kwemasvomhu uchapupu. Associativity Kuwanziridzwa zvinoreva kuvimbika inotevera kwemasvomhu okuti: (MN) K = M (NK), apo M, N, uye K - mumwe chizvaro ane parameters panguva iyo chokuwanziridza richinzi. Distributivity chokuwanziridza yokuti M (N + K) = MN + MK, (M + N) K = MK + NK, L (MN) = (LM) N + M (LN), apo L - nhamba.

Mhedzisiro yacho zvivako zviri chizvaro chokuwanziridza, yainzi "associative", zvinoreva kuti ari chigadzirwa rine pakati matatu kana kupfuura zvinhu, akabvumira kupinda pasina kushandisa mumabhuraketi.

Uchishandisa distributive pfuma anopa mukana kuzivisa kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo kana kufunga chizvaro mashoko. Tapota cherechedza, kana isu svinudzai mumabhuraketi, zvinokosha kuchengetedza hurongwa zvinokonzera.

Kushandisa chizvaro mashoko kwete tsindirana chinyorwa chete yainetsa mugadziriro equations, asiwo hwezvekukurukurirana kubudiswa uye mhinduro.