Lake Vostok muna Antarctica. The pakukura subglacial nyanza muna Antarctica

First yeChina kugungwa zvakanyorwa muna 1999. Panguva kanganisika mapatani hapana kuva nehanya. Rudzii munharaunda, uye vaibvepi?

Shamisa polar mapatani

April 5, 2010 The International Space Station kubva nekukwirira 350 makiromita anoita naka mifananidzo. Vari pamifananidzo rinonyatsoratidza kuti muaizi Lake Vostok muna Antarctica yave akadhindwa maviri kana denderedzwa iri rinenge akakwana chimiro. In mifananidzo, vanoonekwa kuti vashoma. Asi dhayamita neimwe - anenge mana makiromita.

kubvuma nesayenzi First

Chokwadi chokuti upenyu dzinogona kuvapo pasi akaturikidzana echando makiromita akawanda, tanga zvinganaka Academician Andrei Kapitsa. Akapedza zvizivikanwe nemichina kuongorora uye vakawana kuti pane nyanza nechepakati huru zvikuru Antarctica pasi chetyrohkilometrovoy paiva chando - imwe nzvimbo 20 000 m². Izvi kagumi yakakura kupfuura hugota pamusoro Monaco. Riri zvakananga pasi Soviet tsvakurudzo chechitima. Izvi nyanza subglacial Vostok muna Antarctica yasara rimwe zvinofadza zvikuru zvakavanzika zvevanhu.

Pane upenyu Antarctica

Kudzidza, masayendisiti Soviet akawana kuti pasi chando hemisphere uzere okisijeni, ine yayo okunze uye nemamwe mararamiro. Temperature nokufamba mumvura kwegungwa ndiyo +10 ... + 18 ° C, muchirimo muGungwa Dema. Izvi zvinogona kureva chete chinhu - pane upenyu, uye panguva mudzi ane multi-rukoko ukobvu pamusoro Antarctic echando makiromita akawanda kwakasiyana chinhu icho isu vakajaira.

subglacial mubatsiri

Kwemakore anoda kusvika 20 makore, masayendisiti Russian pamwe French vaaishanda navo uye nyanzvi vokuUnited States kudzidza subglacial nyanza Vostok muna Antarctica. Kuti uzive kuti zvinenge mhando pamusoro mamiriyoni makore ikoko kurarama, isu akasika chaiwo subglacial chokufambisa michina - cryobot (kana gidrorobot). Nemvura inopisa jets tinofanira vanochera buri 3.5 km uye kumirira kusvikira nzvimbo pamusoro yaita chando. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru robhoti sterilizes pacharo uye anoenderera kuchera. Zvakanyunguduka chando chivharo pakavha uye vachidonhedzera mugungwa, izvozvo transmits mashoko pamusoro mamwe kudzidza.

The Kuwanikwa chitsva Lake Vostok muna Antarctica

Muna March 2011, apo kuchera rig akanga akachera asi mamita 120 chete, nokuda kwokushayiwa mari yakasiyana nyanza muna Antarctica kurega kudzidza uye kuvhara basa. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti mwedzi mitanhatu chete yapfuura, masayendisiti akaita naka akawana. Vakawana kuti Lake Vostok hakusi chikuru dzakafanana chando inotungamirwa. Natural nzvimbo Antarctica neVadzidzi chando yokuumba pasi-chando chitsuwa. It Vakawana kuti pasi-Ice inotungamirwa aneta, anonzi muhomwe nzvimbo, iyo mvura rinosvika yakasiyana udzamu zvese. Mukuwedzera, yakasiyana pemvura kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kuti Antarctica mune dzimwe nzvimbo ine kudzika dzidzo pamusoro chiuru metres, kuti zviri kupfuura zvakanga vakafunga kare maviri. Asi chinonyanya chinoshamisa ndechokuti pedo rwezasi-nechokumabvazuva Lake Vostok vakachengeta huru rinobva anomaly.

Polar hondo they

Nemamwe mashoko, munhu kana chinhu anotsamwiswa nokuda chetyrohkilometrovoy rukoko echando. Ndiani anogona kukonzera rinobva anomalies pasi chando, masayendisiti haasati kuziva. Vaongorori vakawanda ushingiwo anoratidza kuti zviri kuita vamwe zvisikwa, uye uchapupu, mu pfungwa dzavo, ndizvo. Antarctica rokuyamura filmed kubva muchadenga mwedzi miviri chete pashure pakutsvakurudza basa kudzidza asinganzwisisiki nyanza kunge yakaturikwa. Makopi mapikicha kuratidza madenderedzwa ari nechando pemvura Lake Vostok nyanzvi akadzidza London Research Institute. Masayendisiti British wakanyatsodzidza vakaongorora yose Antarctic yakapoteredza mvura muviri, uye akaisa mberi shamisa Bhaibheri. Nhamba chiratidzo mukati chando pakavha, izvo zvinoreva kuti madenderedzwa gungwa chando kuonekwe nokuti agere pasi mvura mbiru unexplored pasi pemvura budiriro. Zvichida pasi mvura kuva chero nechigadziko, uye izvi zvichaita vanobvumirana, ndiko anonakidza chokwadi. Vanhu vanoziva zvishoma pamusoro munyanza dzakadzika kupfuura pamusoro womudenga ivhu. Saka tinofanira kudzidza yedu kwenguva yakareba.

shamisa Antarctica

Masayendisiti Russian vane maonero ake British navo haana kubvumirana nazvo. Vanodavira kuti nzvimbo mifananidzo kubva Space Antarctica, yayo inoshamisa mapatani kugungwa - haina kutevera pemvura budiriro, asi kungoti quirks zvakasikwa, uye vakanga yakaumbwa tichiregeredza inodziya undercurrents. Vanamazvikokota vanoti kana pasi kwegungwa kune upenyu akangwara, vangadai vakaona kare. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti izvi ndozvazvakaita uyewo pamwe madenderedzwa paminda enyika, vanoti, ndiro basa wemunhu. Mumwe zvakananga falsifies vanodhirowa zvakadaro, uye vamwe funga vavo rudzi panguva art. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakadaro Meteorological zvinhu Antarctica akaita Somuenzaniso, zvishomanana zvakasiyana tembiricha. Handiti nokure uye denderedzwa - zviri dzinongoitika chimiro, zvinoberekwa zvakasikwa voga. Chetyrohkilometrovye madenderedzwa pamusoro pemvura subglacial Antarctic nyanza aigona zvechokwadi kuva zvimwe zvakasikwa chakajairika, kana kwete mumwe asi. Natural nzvimbo Antarctica vakadaro kuti polynya kuumbwa, vanofanira chaizvoizvo bikai pamusoro - ndiwo mutemo wefizikisi. Asi munzvimbo umo chakavanzika pakatsikwa netsoka, chando ukobvu rinosvika makiromita matatu dzawanikwa. Pari, nyika masayendisiti Hazvizivikanwi, hapana undercurrent kuti anogona kunoshayisa munhu batana chando.

Zvatinoziva pamusoro South Pole

Geographical Coordinates Antarctica pakutsvaga yakakwirira kwayo, Cipher Cape (63 ° 14'S. W., uye 57 ° 11 's. D.). Saka kondinendi iri vakanyarara kubva hukawanika ose pasi pose. By nzvimbo, Antarctic akafanana yacho South American. Nzira dzose uye nzira kusvika chando "zvikara" vari nemutemo yakakura icebergs uye minda chando. In yechando, kuwana kuti kondinendi nechando zvisingabviri. Kunze Moss lichen, hapana zvakawanda kukura. Constant inotonhorera mhepo dutu kuti ichi kondinendi morzly kutonetsa kuti igarwe nevanhu. All rinokosha kwezvivako kwevashomanana kwevagari vayo (polar) rinotsigirwa kubva yakaoma. The dzokubudisa pamusoro zviwanikwa, chairehwa zvombo uye uto midziyo, maererano chibvumirano dzakawanda, iri zvachose akarambidza pamusoro kondinendi. Antarctica haagoni kuva munhu. Asi zvose gore kumaodzanyemba pamusoro panyika kutumwa zvikepe uye ndege mutsva nzendo nesayenzi polar kuti vane zvakananga mabasa. Zvavari kutsvaka uye chii chakavanzika yokuvanda nzizi uye madhamu kuti Antarctica?

Kukura kondinendi polar

July 1, 1957 matanhatu navanomwe kunyika vakatenderana aite kwesainzi mune purogiramu chete pasi pose. Yakanga isati yamboitwa kuedza. Zvakatanga hombe kunogumbura muna Antarctica. Zvikepe gumi nenhatu vaidirana Mahombekombe ayo. nyika nomumwe aifanira kuvaka yemapurisa iri chando zvachose akasarudzwa zvekutepfenyura wake. Soviet Union akatora mugove pakati 80 uye 105 longitudes okumabvazuva. The flagship yokutanga Soviet rwendo Diesel yemagetsi chikepe "Ob" asvika pano muna January 1956 mwedzi. Soviet polar vatsvakurudzi kutanga aona Antarctica. Interesting chokwadi: Yakati kuti coldest tembiricha Panyika hwakanyorwa kunyatsoreva munzvimbo yacho "Vostok" chiteshi. Pano May 21, 1983 Polar meteorology vakanyorwa -128,56 ° C, kana -89,2 Celsius.

The resonance pasi pose kujairika anowana

Panovhurwa Russian polar vatsvakurudzi vakakanganiswa vavhunduke zvose dzakawanda vezvesayenzi. Kunyanya kunyatsoongorora zviitiko rwendo akapoteredza Lake Vostok muna Antarctica akatevera ichthyologists uye jewelers. In mvura mimwe akatorwa ari kudzika 4000 metres, takawana zvisaririra endarama uye vasingazivi nesayenzi hove chaizvoizvo anogona kunzi yendarama.

Golden mvura Antarctica

Kana nokusimudza chando cores kubva Lake Vostok, masayendisiti akawana mariri, chokwadi, ndarama simbi. Micro-spectral kudzidza echando uye mvura, yakasiyana chando mudziva akaratidza kuti arambe achirema pamusoro wevasungwa pakati ions endarama mazviri 80%. Kureva, zvinoitika kuti zviri ions chendarama mvura yakafanana goridhe vara 700-fung mharidzo. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti simbi mumvura iri samolecular chimiro, uye kuti kupfeka ziso kunodokuva kusingabviri kuona. Mumwe mukuru matambudziko yokutsvakurudza polar dambanemazwi ndiyo mvura chena kuti simbi zvikuru marara dzakaonekwa. Pane kubvuma kuti Lake Vostok ndicho chikamu chikuru goridhe-dzinogarwa, uye kuongorora mufananidzo kunosimbiswa. Ridge, rine anokosha simbi inclusions, unogona kuva kuenderera pemvura yangu Yanokocha (Yanococha), izvo zvinobva muna South American eAndes, Muganhu Republic of kuPeru. Zvinofungidzirwa goridhe-polar chinoumba kwavo makemikari anoumba haisi yunifomu. Siyana mativi aro anokosha simbi inclusions vane samolecular yakasiyana marongerwo. The South Pole ari mupfungwa uku kunooneka pacharo somunhu magineti ane yemapuraneti pezvose. Zvakaratidza kuti chikamu nesimbi ghoridhe hwakakanyiwa mvura gobvu panguva pamwero samolecular diffusion. Kubva kunze nyika Lake Vostok muna Antarctica iri makavhara zvachose achishandisa gobvu paiva chando, saka kuti mazana emamiriyoni makore, zviri inokosha simbi havagoni kunzvenga pose. Rambai pfuma iyi yepanyika sechinhu warrior yakachengeteka yakavimbika pamahombekombe, chete nechepazasi "East" yeRussian chechitima. Antarctica, kuti East (Lake) - imwe nzvimbo sayenzi. Hazvisi upi hurumende. Asi ikozvino dzakawanda yakaratidza nzvimbo yavo vari kutsvaka kubvuma nepfuma kuti masayendisiti Russian vakaona.

Goldfish mu subglacial nyika

The kutekenyedzwa yakanga kuti Lake Vostok muna Antarctica iri navanhu. Chechienzi chinhu-polar masayendisiti akawana mumwe mimwe echando ivhu, zvinoti zviyero, vamwe vasingazivi sayenzi vanhu hove. Masayendisiti kurongwa kumutumidza goridhe, uye ndizvo zvairi. simbi Precious, zvazvichanyungudutswa mumvura yakadzika, zvachose rinotaura ichi enigmatic hove chitete rukoko. Kutonga nezvinooneka saizi chikero, ichi chiratidzazvizhinji polar ane kureba vanenge makumi mapfumbamwe masendimita. Pamabhuku Antarctic kuwana zvaigona kuchinja yose inokosha nesayenzi. Zvinova pachena kuti ari maviri rokutanga remakore ngano pamusoro hove goridhe kuchiripo. Tinogona chete tariro kuti iye achiri mupenyu uye haana kurasa wayo nakisisa uye vakadaro kwezva kugona kuuraya chero zvido zvevanhu ...

Chirahwe polar hunhu

Yasara mubvunzo nezvazvo makore Lake Vostok. Kanenge 400 makore 000, uye pamwe kunyange miriyoni. Sei zvinobva? Maererano pfungwa yokutanga kukweshera multikilometer echando pamwe pemvura. Akatanga zvinonyauka uye chando kubva kumusoro kumanikidzwa kupinda mvura panguva imwe tembiricha yakaderera, nomurayiro wethermodynamics. Pfungwa yechipiri anoratidza kuti subglacial nyanza yagara. Zvisinei, kana kutonhora, kondinendi zvava danda akazadza goko echando. For zviuru emakore, zviri kure zvachose nemvura mhepo inotonhora.

hypotheses Scientific uye zvimwe zvakawanikwa

Chii chinopa izvi nyika budiriro Antarctic tsvakurudzo? Masayendisiti mudane Zvakawanikwa izvi nokuda omuchadenga paNyika utachiona. Kana tichiongorora kwegungwa zvinoratidza kuti hakuna upenyu, Zvicharatidzawo rinokosha kuwanikidza. Sezvo iri yokutanga zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza niche umo hazvibviri kwemabhakitiriya upenyu. In zvose apa, chidzidzo zvichaita zvinobatsira kutsvaga omuchadenga zvimwe mapuraneti, chando, akadai Europe, kuti mwedzi waZeusi.