Mahydrocarbon - a ... nomuti Mahydrocarbon. makirasi Mahydrocarbon

Ichi boka zvinhu zvinosanganisira mafuta uye methane, negasi. siyana wavo mukuru. Izvi, Chokwadi, pamusoro Mahydrocarbon. Zviri zviviri chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana uye vazhinji vakatsvaka zvinhu vanhu. Chii chavanoita vanomirira? Zvinokosha kuyeuka, sezvo vakaudza muna 9th kemisitiri inotakura.

Mahydrocarbon

Kirasi ichi nezvinhu rinobatanidza zvakasiyana siyana yeimwe, dzakawanda iyo yagara vakabudirira yoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo munhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti kabhoni iri nyore chaizvo kuti aumbe nemakemikari zvisungo, kunyanya sehydrogen, uye saka pane zvakasiyana siyana kudaro. Pasina izvozvo, upenyu hakwaikwanisika muchimiro yatiri azvizive.

Mahydrocarbon - a fuma rine zvinhu zviviri kabhoni uye rehydrogen. mamorekuru dzavo kunogona kuva Linear kwete chete asiwo mapazi uye chimiro yakavharwa zvishwe.

kupatsanura

Carbon unoumba zvisungo mana, uye rehydrogen - mumwe. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti reshiyo yavo inogara 1 kusvika 4. Chokwadi ndechokuti pakati kabhoni maatomu kungava kwete chete chete asiwo kaviri, uye katatu zvisungo. Maererano chokuratidza ichi kusiyanisa makirasi Mahydrocarbon. Muchiitiko chokutanga izvi zvinhu dzinonzi muganhu (kana alkanes), uye wechipiri - unsaturated kana unsaturated (alkenes uye alkynes maviri matatu Links azvaitwa).

Chimwe kupatsanura anopa nokuongorora morekuru. Muchiitiko chino, kusiyanisa aliphatic Mahydrocarbon, ane chimiro ndiye Linear, uye carbocyclic, mune namahwindo redunhu. Izvi zvinozoita akakamurwa alicyclic uye zvinonhuwirira.

Mukuwedzera, Mahydrocarbon kazhinji pasi polymerization - basa kuda kuti dzakafanana mamorekuru kune mumwe. Zvinoguma zvinhu hutsva, kusiyana nechigadziko. Muenzaniso ndiyo polyethylene akawana kubva ethylene nyore. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana totaura unsaturated Mahydrocarbon.

Mamiriro, uko nhengo boka unsaturated, vari kushandisa kwavo vakasununguka radicals batanidza uye maatomu itsva zvimwe pane rehydrogen. Panyaya iyi, shandurai mumwe Organic yeimwe: alcohols, amines, ketones, esters, mapuroteni, nezvimwewo D. Asi ichi chinhu zvachose nyaya iri kemisitiri..

mienzaniso

Mahydrocarbon - guru-siyana zvinhu, kunyange kufungisisa kupatsanura. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinokosha zvishoma mazita yeimwe yaisanganisira mukirasi iyi guru.

1. Yakazara Mahydrocarbon - yatovapo methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, uye zvichingodaro. D. rokutanga uye wechitatu okuremekedza pamwe vanotoziva kunyange vaya vasiri kunyanya ushamwari kemisitiri. Saka akadana marudzi zvikuru zvinowanzovapo magasi.
2. The alkenes (olefins) Boka zvinosanganisira ethene (ethylene), propene (propylene), butene, pentene, hexene uye zvakafanana. D.
3. Kune alkynes vari ethyne (acetylene), propyne, butyne, pentyne, hexyne, uye zvichingodaro. D.
4. Sezvineiwo, miviri uye katatu zvisungo zvingava kuroorwa. Muchiitiko chino, zvivako dzakadaro alkadienyl uye alkadiinam. Asi kunyanya hazvifaniri yokunyatsoongorora.
5. Kana Mahydrocarbon, sechivako iro rakavharwa, nokuti vane zvavo mazita: cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes uye cycloalkynes.
6. First Names: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, nezvimwewo ...
7. In kirasi yechipiri inosanganisira cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene uye zvakafanana. D.
8. Pakupedzisira cycloalkynes, non-sezvingatarisirwa kuitika. We akaedza synthesize kwavari kwenguva refu uye kwenguva refu, uye akanga chete kumavambo XX remakore. Cycloalkynyl mamorekuru ine kanenge 8 kabhoni maatomu. Aine chitsama maduku remubatanidzwa chete kusagadzikana nokuda zvakanyanya.
9. Kune nhandare (anonhuhwirira Mahydrocarbon), nyore uye ndicho chiri mumiririri benzene. Uyewo mukirasi iyi anosanganisira naphthalene, furan, thiophene, indole, uye zvichingodaro. D.

ehupfumi

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko Mahydrocarbon - guru nhamba dzakasiyana zvinhu. Saka, kutaura kwavo pfuma wakajairika zvishoma chinoshamisa, nekuti zvakadaro asipo.

Chete nyaya Mahydrocarbon zvose zvinogona kunzi kutoti murwiyo. Uyewo chokwadi kuti pakutanga mumwe musara, sezvo nhamba kabhoni maatomu, kuchinja kubva gaseous uye mvura fomu yakasimba.

Pane imwe zvakafanana: zvose Mahydrocarbon vanoparidzirwa flammability. Muchiitiko chino, yakawanda kupisa, yakabereka , carbon dioxide uye mvura.

dzinongoitika zvinyorwa

Kufanana nezvimwe zvicherwa, vamwe Mahydrocarbon vari muchimiro deposits uye reserves ari goko. Zvikurukuru, vanoumba chikamu chikuru nemafuta uye gasi. Izvi zvinoonekwa zvakajeka kubudiswa yokupedzisira; pakuitika anosunungura hombe rakawanda zvinhu, akawanda acho anoreva Mahydrocarbon. Gas zvachose kuti 80-97% yemanyorero Kunoumbwa methane. Uyezve, methane anogadzirwa panguva manyowa pane makemikari dongo uye zvisaririra, saka kuti avepo asingadi kupa nechinetso chakakomba.

Kumwewo yeHydrocarbon - murabhoritari. Avo zvinhu zvisingakwanisi kuitika zvakasikwa, anogona kuva akagadzirira nezvimwe yeimwe kuburikidza nemakemikari.

kushandiswa

Mahydrocarbon kutamba chihombe basa ano upenyu hwevanhu. Mafuta gasi vava chinokosha chaizvo kuwana, sezvo vave huni uye simba. Asi ichi hachisi chete nzira yokushandisa yeimwe mukirasi iyi. Mahydrocarbon - chaizvoizvo zvose unopoteredza vanhu muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Tiine polymerization akakwanisa kuwana zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuvakwa kuti siyana mhando mapurasitiki, . Machira zvichingodaro D. reparafini, zvokufembedzwa, pendi uye varnish zvigadzirwa, waxes, Asphalt, tara, bhitumini, uye uyo pasingaverengwi makuru akanatswa zvigadzirwa - peturu uye Diesel mafuta.

Kukosha izvi zvinhu hwakakura kwazvo. Sezvo unsaturated uye zvine Mahydrocarbon - mazana ezviuru zvinhu izvo wose inoshandiswa uye haagoni kuita pasina navo nyore ezvinhu. Zvakaoma kuramba kushandisa kwavo, kunyange kufungisisa chokwadi chokuti mafuta uye gasi yapera sezvo vaongorori kufembera. Nechekare, vanhu yave chinoshingaira kutsvaka nzira simba manyuko, asi hapana nzira havasati akaratidza chete kunyatsoshanda uye pakawanda sezvo Mahydrocarbon.