Mari inoshandiswa mafuta munyika. Mari mutengo mafuta munyika

Mafuta, rakaenzana dhora nendarama, mumwe chakasimba zvikuru levers upfumi murau. For vaizotibata deposits mafuta vari kuramba kuitwa hondo pakati rinoti dzimwe dzakabatana hurumende inotsiviwa nevamwe. Energy ayo mamiriro ndohwaJehovha muchikwata stranoobrazuyuschih Mazinga somunhu budiriro munzvimbo iyi zvinotungamirira mambakwedza munharaunda dzakawanda racho. The zvakawanda munyika anokwanisa kusvina "ndarama dema", rezasi mari yayo firimu, chikuru mukana kuti hurumende kuti kubudirira upfumi uye kukunda simba nechinzvimbo pamusoro musika nyika.

Mari mutengo zvekuvaka kunyika kugadzirwa

Mari inoshandiswa mafuta akasiyana yekudyidzana nenyika. Somuenzaniso, muna Saudi Arabia mafuta mari inoshandiswa hakuiti kupfuudza $ 10 chete dhiramu. MuRussia, nhamba iyi anoda kubva 30 kusvika 40 madhora. In America zvakakosha mune dzimwe nzvimbo inosvika pachiyero 60-70 emadhora. With mamiriro Canada nomumwe. Kana dzichiri sand mafuta kupedza pamusoro hurongwa 120-150 emadhora por dhiramu.

Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu anoisa "shale chimurenga" muUnited States vachirwiswa?

Mamiriro pamwe mitengo iri pamisika mafuta uye mari inoshandiswa mafuta nenyika, kunyanya United States, maererano zvakakwana yokuwanda nyanzvi, pangozi kuti "shale chimurenga". Kana mutengo mudhiramu mafuta anomuka pedyo chiratidzo $ 80 munguva yemberi iri pedyo, ichabereka zvibereko maturo. Unoshanda pakukuvadza pachake hapana anoda. The yakaderera mutengo yendarama dema uye kudhura basa iri kukura mafuta anovhura nzira nyika pamusika kunyika dzakadai India uye China. Kana mari simba anodonhedza kuti kukosha $ 30, chikuru mutambi, sezvo Russia vachamanikidzwa kubva pamusika. The chete nzira yokubuda - ndiko kutanga Implementation kunyika mafuta kwavo mari pasina panotaurwa kuti dhora.

The divi nemari ndiko kuti voruzhinji mari inoshandiswa mafuta zvakataurwa mune nyika haisi chaiko. Enderana Kugadzirwa itsva chicherwa deposits, anovandudza uye kunoderedza mari yayo kugadzirwa michina. Nyika zhinji angakudzivisai yepamusoro zvikuru mitoro kubva kuderera munyika mitengo mafuta.

Table kukura mutengo imwe Upfu mafuta nenyika

Ngationei kudzidza tafura imwe Upfu mafuta mutengo iri nechimwe kubudisa nyika munyika.

Kubva tafura zviri pachena kuti chivimbo ose pamusika mafuta international sokuti ndiye Saudi Arabia. Uye kuti iye chinhu farira ubatanidzwe weOPEC, izvo vakaramba zvachose kuti kuderedza Vhoriyamu oiri. The vanowira mitengo, zvinoita kuti kutya zhinji inoti, hazvisi kukutyisa. vanoongorora Vakawanda vanofunga kuti maitiro akadaro kungoti anoda ndokudzinga nyika kubva yose nhandare yawo huru vakwikwidzi.

Tafura rinoratidza Data unoratidza mutengo imwe Upfu mafuta pasina mutero hurumende pfuma, uye pasina mutengo excise mabasa, vamwe zvishoma mari. Pano zvinoita kuti ratidza chokwadi kuti Russia mutengo mafuta chakaumbwa 55% of mitero. In America, chikamu ichi kuita zvinenge asina mutero uye, naizvozvo, private makambani vane yakanakisa vangangoramba kukura uye kwazvo goho ezvinhu pamusika dzakawanda. rutsigiro kubva mamiriro inoita basa rinokosha.

Details nezvaizoitika namafuta ari US

muna U.S. mutengo mafuta akasiyana yekudyidzana zvichienderana nzvimbo uye yakananga rudzi kugadzirwa michina inoshandiswa. Saka, muna 2012 zvikuru American mugodhi makambani vakapedza inenge $ 100 pamusoro kushandiswa michina inoshandiswa shale mafuta. Muna 2015, nhamba iyi akamira kumativi 30 madhora. Vamiririri makambani mafuta private kurongwa kuti nemhaka hurongwa uye refu kuvandudza mafuta kugadzirwa michina, vakakwanisa kuzadzisa mufananidzo $ 22 chete dhiramu. Kwerunyararo vanoshingaira mafuta inobereka chirimwa kunodyira hafu zvishoma. Bvunzai kuti ndezvipi chaizvo mari imwe Upfu mafuta muUnited States, hazvibviri. All ichava pachena pamusoro nguva, pamwe kukura ezvinhu ari pamusika mafuta.

Ndezvipi tarisiro nokuda US?

Kupima mari inoshandiswa ane Upfu mafuta muna America, nyanzvi dzakawanda usaregedza kuziva izvozvo, chii chaizvo munyika musika mutengo indekisi okuwana ari mafuta zvichava hazvikubatsiriyi hurumende. Maererano nenhamba, mumwe nevaari pakukura, 4 chete% mafuta anobudiswa panguva mhiri profitability. deposits Large muna North Dakota vari kushanda zvinobudirira uye kuramba kutanga nhasi. Uyezve, nguva dzose dziri kuongorora ndima itsva uye tinyatsonzwisisa zvinogona deposits. The zvibereko kupfuura munharaunda United States - ndiye Mackenzie District, apo mari imwe Upfu mafuta hunopfuura $ 28. Great simba pamusoro US gwara ane inokosha kuchengeterwa peturu. Maererano rokutanga vanofungidzira kuti zvevakomana, Zvaringana kupa zvose zvinodiwa mamiriro nokuda matatu akatevera.

Ndeupi mari inoshandiswa mafuta muRussia?

Mari chemafuta Russia aumbwa kwete chete nokuda specificity waro kugadzirwa, vakawanda payo wakarurama munyaya mari. Yose Uwandu kwemari kunogona pamadiro kunan'anura Rosneft nhamba 100%. Panguva iyoyowo 55% of mari deducted pamusoro pehurumende excise mutero muripo, severance mutero uye netsika mabasa. 10% yemari iri kupedzerwa wokutsvakurudza minda rokutanga, kuisa mafuta kuchera zvokushandisa, ari kutsvaka vatengi uye kuguma zvibvumirano navo. Wedzera zvachose zvekushandisa kuti 8.4% kubva mutengo ane Upfu kutumirwa kuti vatengi uye 7.6% nokuda amortization vose pfuma Rosneft (michina, zvivako, midziyo, rigs, etc.). The kambani, kunze simba kugadzirwa, kuchiri anotenga uye kubva yechitatu-party makambani, inofa kuti kubudiswa dzinenge 8.6% zveminda. Net purofiti mushure Implementation ari "ndarama dema" idukusa 10%.

Mari mafuta kuRussia, pasinei vakawanda vaibvuma zvaaisvika ranged kubva 12 kusvika 25 madhora, zvakawanda. Kufungisisa mutengo munyika risi kana kutenga kodzero yokushandisa kwayo, mari rokuvaka kwezvivako kuti Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri dzokubudisa peturu, chirungamutauro yakawanikwa iri kuwanda $ 70 chete mudende, inova ndarayira unokosha zvikuru kupfuura America.

Sei weOPEC nyika regai kutapudza mafuta kugutsikana uye nemitengo yakaderera?

Mari chemafuta Saudi Arabia ndiye yakaderera munyika. It zvichisiyana iri zvinobva 4 kusvika 5 madhora. Izvi zvinobvumira hurumende kutsungirira kuchikosha drawdown munyika pamusika mitengo. Kuramba kuderedza chizvarwa simba panobva zvakakonzera donhwe mari "ndarama dema". chisarudzo kwakadaro anoruramiswa ndechokuti kwete chete Saudi Arabia asiwo vose weOPEC nyika vari zvachose novimba mafuta indasitiri. The chete Hurumende kuti hakunei huni Kugadzirwa - ndiko Indonesia, apo Tingawaneiko vanowanika toerisme maindasitiri, gasi indasitiri uye pezimba raichekerwa mapuranga. dzimwe nhengo All weOPEC kuti mukuru kana mudiki papi, kuti vararame kuonga mafuta. Zvichienderana nezera ravo anoda kubva 48 kusvika 97%. Nokudaro mhedziso; vakapiwa yakaderera mutengo mafuta munyika dzakasiyana kubatanidzwa munzanga, havasi kutambura kubva mamiriro ezvinhu ari pamisika nyika. Kuderedza Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa, akadonhera pasi yake upfumi. Zvisarudzo dzinoitwa pamusoro neizvi: zvikuru kugadzirwa chinotsva, nani nyika pachayo uye vanhu vayo.

Nei kudiwa mafuta ari kuwedzera, uye mutengo mafuta ikasawira?

Mumakore mashoma apfuura, nyika kudiwa mafuta kwakawedzera kakawanda. Izvi akwanise kubudikidza pave China uye India. High dziine kudiwa zvakakonzera kuti pakati muzhizha 2014, mitengo mafuta kwakanyanyisa pa 117 emadhora. Zvinhu hazvina kuva nhamba, kubudikidza pakati Mumatsutso mutengo chete dhiramu akaverevedza kuti $ 60. The "ndarama dema" sezvo raiva, uye anoramba dzakakurumbira. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti kuwa muna huni mitengo hakurevi zvakajeka anoruramiswa nezvikonzero zvemari, hurumende iri kuramba kukura, nezvavanoda kukura. Chete muna China pamusoro rokupedzisira gore rave kusunungurwa motokari vanenge mamiriyoni 30. Chimwe dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti mari mafuta anenge asina kuchinja nyika.

Kuwedzera wedzerai outstripped kwokudiwa kuwedzera

Sezvo kufarira pamusika mafuta rakura, mhaka kudonha mitengo, Ungangove, aiva kuwedzera bhuku vaitaura kuti vakapfuura skaknuvshy kudiwa. Mwero simba zvekuvaka dzokubudisa basa kunowedzera Saudi Arabia uye muUnited States. Mucherechedzo pamusoro paumbwe mutengo mafuta zvinoisa ezvinhu enyika uye kurwisana pakati Russia neUkraine. History inoratidza kuti chero kuchinja geopolitics munzvimbo inokosha munharaunda nyika kukonzera kuwedzera simba mitengo.

Decline munyika mafuta kugadzirwa mutengo - hapana okuwedzera mari

Mazuvaano kuti mabikirwo oiri kwakaita kuti zvinoderedza huni mari. Pfungwa ndechokuti kwekurasira States aifanira fuck purofiti zvakanaka kubva mamiriro ezvinhu. Kusiyana netarisiro yose, mitengo parafini pamisika nyika yakadhirika. Development of nemauto uye kuderedza mari mafuta kukura zvakakonzera vaaida. Zvikonzero ichi dzakawanda:

• Vaizoitwazve zvirango zvayakatemera Iraq, kuwedzera mugove waro parafini pamusika dzakawanda.
• Kudzorerwa Libya uye mafuta ayo indasitiri.
• Vazvo dzomunyika pawaitengesa nechitsotsi mafuta panguva kwakaderedza mitengo.
• Kuwedzera kugadzirwa mafuta unconventional (shale, pamusoro pejecha uye rinorema).

Kushomeka profitability okuwana mafuta

Kuwa mu ukoshi haagoni kuitwa nokusingaperi. Kamwe munyika mutengo mafuta zvichava zvinenge akaenzana mutengo parafini pamusika, zvinokwanisika kuti vanotarisira dzoro. Pano anoshanda ndechokuti mumwe mamiriro ane huni wakaiswa mutengo kugadzirwa vayo. mutengo shanduko ane pose kukanganisa hurumende kwemari uye profitability okuwana mafuta. Kutaura zvazviri, kashoma kushandisa mafuta kugadzirwa Gulf inoti. Izvi imhaka duku kudzika Zvisaririra uye pedyo napedyo ari munzvimbo kukura huni pakuguma mutengi. Mari kuvakwa uye kugadzira zvishoma ruzivo. The soro Mari oiri munyika muna America, sezvo inoshanda chete chete shale kupfuma. Ndivo zvakaoma chaizvo kuti pave uye mari zvakaoma. Kubva Michina akaramba anongoda yose nyika. Maererano vanoongorora, kuti profitability ane mafuta akadaro vacharamba pachiyero kana nyika pamusika mutengo mudhiramu richawira pasi $ 75. Chokwadi zvakasiyana: pasinei nokuti mitengo Vayambuka nomufananidzo pa $ 50, America inoramba kukura chicherwa deposits.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Mari chemafuta Russia dererei zvikuru kupfuura America. Kunyange zvakadaro, iri US anopfuurira kuwedzera kugadzirwa peturu, penyanzvi chokuita enyika kunetsana munyika ano zvakananga. Saka, muna October 2014 bhuku huni kugadzirwa raiva mamiriyoni 8.9 emiti, zvino muna 2015 zvinonzi vakaronga kuwedzera kune mamiriyoni 9.4. It undercurrents kuona mamiriro panyika mafuta pamusika, zvoupfumi zvinhu, nguva ino zvachose vasipo.