Marongerwo mutariri musimboti ane atomu

Chokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvose akaumbwa zvokutanga nezvimedu, masayendisiti vaifungidzira kunyange Greece yekare. Asi kana kuratidza kana kusaratidza mumazuva iwayo kwakanga kusina nzira. Hongu, uye zvivako zviri maatomu ari vekare vaigona chete zvokufungidzira kwakavakirwa zvezvavakacherechedza ari chepfu zvakasiyana siyana.

Ratidza kuti nyaya dzose une zvokutanga nezvimedu, chete akabudirira remakore rechi19 uye ipapo sananga. Panguva iyoyowo, yefizikisi uye mishonga rose akaedza kuumba rakabatana dzidziso zvokutanga nezvimedu, achirondedzera mamiriro avo uye rinotsanangura zvivako siyana, dzakadai mutariri renyukireya.

Kudzidza mamorekuru, maatomu vavo ezvirevo vakanga vakazvipira mabasa masayendisiti akawanda. Physics zvishoma nezvishoma zvava adzidze Microcosm - zvokutanga nezvimedu dzavo kudyidzana zvivako. Masayendisiti akafarirawo chii inoumba maatomu musimboti, hypotheses uye edza kundodziidza, kanenge sananga.

Somugumisiro, sepokuwana pfungwa kwave kugamuchirwa nokuda yemapuraneti muenzaniso mabhomba mamiriro wakatangwa na Ernest Rutherford uye Niels Bohr. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, nokuchengeta upi Atomu musimboti iri zvakanaka, apo chawo paunotenderera tenderera nokuda isakarurama mhosva maerekitironi, pakupedzisira kuita atomu iri electrically kwazvakarerekera. Nokufamba kwenguva, dzidziso iyi yave kakawanda kupupurirwa ose kuedza, kutanga ruzivo mumwe yayo co-vanyori.

Physics renyukireya Modern ndiyo dzidziso dzinokosha Zvidzidzo zviri Rutherford-Bohr kwakaita kwemaatomu uye zvose zvinhu zvavo vari anoritsanangura. Ukuwo vakawanda hypotheses kuti yakabuda mumakore 150 apfuura, anenge asina yasimbiswa. Zvakaratidza kuti wefizikisi renyukireya vakawanda ndiyo yokungotaura maonero Ultra-duku ukuru zvinhu vari kudzidza.

Chokwadi, munyika yanhasi kuona mhosva aruminiyamu chinoumba Somuenzaniso (kana mumwe maatomu akafanana) zviri nyore zvikuru kupfuura muzana remakore rechi19, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro - muGirisi yekare. Asi kuita zvinhu zvitsva mumunda ichi, masayendisiti dzimwe nguva kusvika zvinoshamisa mhedziso. Kuedza kuwana mhinduro dambudziko, ivo wefizikisi ose zvokutanga inoramba iri nezvinetso zvitsva uye kutsanangura.

Pakutanga Rutherford pfungwa inoti kuti makemikari ehupfumi venhumbi kuvimba chii nokubatira mwoyo weatomu uye, sezvo zvakaita kuti uwandu maerekitironi, kutenderera wayo muchadenga. Modern kemesitiri uye wefizikisi kutsigira shanduro iyi zvizere. Pasinei nokuti kudzidza samolecular mamiriro pakutanga kutyiswa kubva nyore womuenzaniso - rehydrogen atomu, mumwe mutariri musimboti akaenzana 1, dzidziso anonyatsokwanisa kushandiswawo zvinhu zvose periodic table kusanganisira mashoko isingawanzowanikwi pasi nesimbi uye radioactive zvinhu, wakagadzirirwa artificially pakupera rokupedzisira chemakore.

Chinoshamisa refu asati Rutherford zveBhaibheri Chirungu kemisiti chiremba William Prout inotungamirwa vakachengeta kuti nhamba zvinhu apa siyana pakati hydrogen indekisi. Akabva akataura kuti zvose zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore inoumbwa rehydrogen, pane zvimwe zvinokosha chechetere. Kuti Somuenzaniso, senitrogen, PARTICIPLE - mumwe PARTICIPLE 14 yakadaro okisijeni shoma - .. 16, etc. Kana tikafunga dzidziso iyi yose mukududzira ano, kazhinji chokwadi.