Mupiro Biology Karla Linneya (zvishoma). Chii mupiro kukura zvipenyu Karl Linney akatanga?

Mutsindo musayendisiti Karl Linney akaberekwa muna 1707 kuSweden. Mukuru anozivikanwa nokuda nyika yake kupatsanura kwenyika mupenyu. Yakanga uye kwakakosha nokuti rose zvipenyu. The mutsvakurudzi aifamba chaizvo pasi pose. Mupiro Karla Linneya mu zvipenyu iri kwakunoitwa tsanangudzo dzinoverengeka pfungwa inokosha uye mazwi.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Kufarira zvinomera uye zvose zvipenyu zviri munyika ine Karl muduku akaonekwa mangwanani chaizvo pauduku. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti baba vake akatarisira oga munda kuseri kweimba. Mwana saka kwazvo zvirimwa zvinoratidzwa muzvidzidzo zvake. Vabereki vake vaibva mhuri vapristi. Vose baba naamai aida kuva mufundisi Carl. Zvisinei, mwanakomana zvakaipa akadzidza zvechitendero. Asi, akapedza handingadariki nguva yake kudzidza zvirimwa.

Vabereki pakutanga vasingafariri vakatora zvinhu mwanakomana. Asi pakupedzisira vakabvuma nezvokuti Carl akaenda kudzidza panguva chiremba. Muna 1727 aiva University of Lund, uye gore papera hwakatamisirwa University of Uppsala, yaiva yakakura zvikuru nomukurumbira. Ikoko vakasangana pamwe Peter Artedi. Vakomana vaduku tava shamwari dzepamwoyo. Vose vanoita ndeichi aripo kupatsanura sayenzi.

Uyewo Karl Linney vakava kuziva Professor Olof Celsius. Musangano uyu wakanga zvikuru revechiduku musayendisiti. Celsius akava shamwari yake uye rubatsiro munguva dzakaoma. Mupiro Karla Linneya mu zvipenyu akapedzisa kwete chete munzvimbo yake akazotevera, kunyange youth basa. Somuenzaniso, mumakore aya, akabudisa monograph yake yokutanga, iyo chakatsaurirwa kuna pabonde ezvinhu zvinomera.

Kuenda zvakasikwa

Muna 1732 Karl Linney akaenda Lapland. rwendo urwu hwaikurudzirwa zvinangwa akawanda. The musayendisiti aida kuvandudza ruzivo rwavo hunobatsira ruzivo. Yokungotaura basa uye tsvakurudzo refu vari cabinet masvingo vasingagoni kuramba nokusingaperi.

Lapland - kwoutsinye kuchamhembe kudunhu Finland, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva chikamu Sweden. Yokusiyana nyika ino rakanga richinzwika kashoma kasvisto uye fauna of vasingazivi zvavo vokuEurope nenguva. Linnaeus oga kwemwedzi mishanu kufamba pamupendero kure, kutsvakurudza miti, mhuka uye zvicherwa. Zvakaguma ari kukura rwendo herbarium inounganidzwa ne zvakasikwa. Vakawanda Exhibits nevamwe uye kuzivikanwa nesayenzi. Karl Linney akatanga rondedzero zvavo kubva muvare. Izvi zvakamubatsira mune ramangwana. Mushure rwendo, akabudisa mabasa akawanda vakazvipira zvakasikwa, zvinomera, mhuka uye zvichingodaro .. mabhuku aya zvave zvakakurumbira zvikuru kuSweden. Nemhaka Carl Linnaeus nyika aigona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvangu.

It raiwanzobatana ndechokuti musayendisiti akabudisa ethnographic kurondedzerwa upenyu hwezuva nezuva uye netsika wechiSami. Isolated vanhu vairarama kwemazana emakore ari Far North, anenge asina kuonana nevamwe yebudiriro. Vazhinji Linnaeus manotsi nonyanya dzinonakidza nhasi somunhu upenyu ipapo vagere North kare yepakutanga.

Zvinhu Sami, zvinomera, anoshongwa uye zvicherwa inounganidzwa murwendo, akava hwaro rakakura kuunganidzwa musayendisiti. Iye kukasawedzerwa kusvikira parufu rwake. Zvaakanga ari siyana dzenyika, iye kwese akaunganidzawo zvinoratidza zviri ipapo kunyatsoongorora kuchengetwa. Zviri vanenge 19 zviuru zvinomera, tumbuyu, 3000, mazana zvicherwa, anoshongwa uye korari. Nhaka iyi inoratidza sei zvikuru mupiro Karla Linneya mu zvipenyu (kunyanya zera rake).

"Nyika zvakasikwa"

Muna 1735, "The gadziriro zvakasikwa" yakabudiswa muNetherlands. basa iri Linnaeus rake chikuru pemabasa kubudirira. Iye akakamura hunhu munzvimbo dzakawanda kumativi uye vakapa kupatsanura yose yenyika mupenyu. Zoological Nomenclature wakatangwa muna wegumi pakadhindwa hwake ari munyori, vakapiwa mazita binomial yesayenzi. Zvino kushandiswa kwose kwose. Zvakanyorwa muLatin uye varatidze chimiro uye mhando mhuka.

Kuburikidza bhuku iyi zvose sayenzi (kwete chete zvemhuka kana bhotani) nesimba enderana nzira. Zvisikwa zvose zvipenyu ane unhu kuti anonzi ushe (semuenzaniso, mhuka), boka, genus, mhando uye zvichingodaro. D. The mupiro Karla Linneya mu zvipenyu zvakaoma kuona. Chete kana upenyu munyori, ichi bhuku 13 nguva (ikodzere kuwedzererwa uye zvijeke) yakabudiswa.

"Plant Species"

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chirimwa chinokosha nekuchiva musayendisiti Swedish. Bhotani aiva kurangwa, izvo zvakatsaurirwa mabasa avo Vatsvakurudzi rakajeka dzakawanda, kusanganisira Karl Linney. Mupiro kuti sayenzi zvipenyu zvakasikwa hunoratidzwa rake rinonzi "Dyarai marudzi". Iye wakaonekwa kudhindwa muna 1753 uye yakakamurwa mavhoriyamu maviri. Edition akava hwaro vose vaivapo Nomenclature mu bhotani.

Bhuku rine zvakawanda kurondedzerwa zvose mhando nesayenzi panguva iyoyo. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna dzokubereka nadzo (the pistil uye stamen). The "yemiti" binomial Nomenclature rave kushandiswa zvinobudirira kushandiswa zvapfuura mabasa musayendisiti. Mushure yokutanga shanduro zvakateverwa wechipiri, rakanga vakashanda zvakananga Karl Linney. Mupiro zvipenyu, muchidimbu anorondedzerwa ose bhuku, sayenzi iyi chaizvo nevakawanda. Linnaeus akasiya renyeredzi vadzidzi vakaramba basa vadzidzisi kubudirire. Somuenzaniso, Karl Vildenov pashure yemunyori rufu kwakawedzera bhuku rino, kunobva mazano kugadzirwa Swedish zvakasikwa. Chii mupiro zvipenyu Karl Linney akatanga, uye nhasi chinokosha kuti sayenzi iyi.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake Karl Linney akanga kushanda unworkable. Muna 1774 iye zvakaitika ropa muuropi, nokuda izvo mutsvakurudzi akanga pamwe mitezo. Pashure chechipiri sitiroko, akarasikirwa zvaanoyeuka, uye akafa nguva pfupi pashure pacho. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1778. Mumakore upenyu Linnaeus akava musayendisiti vakaziva uye kworudzi. Iye akavigwa Cathedral pamusoro Uppsala Cathedral, uko akadzidza achiri muduku.

Kwokupedzisira basa masayendisiti yazova multi-mavhoriyumu shanduro hurukuro yake kuti vadzidzi. Teaching kwakaratidza kuti nzvimbo iyo wakayeriswa nguva yakawanda nesimba Karl Linney. Mupiro zvipenyu (muchidimbu aiziva nezvazvo ose munhu akadzidza oupenyu ari zvakasikwa) akaita mukurumbira wake-siyana dzidzo yepamusoro masangano Europe.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Kuwedzera paro mabhizimisi mutsvakurudzi uyewo akazvipira kupatsanura pakati Rinofembedza. Akatanga maitiro ake panguva huru Rinofembedza nomwe zvakadai clove, musk uye t. D. Anders Tselsy, akava nomukurumbira musiki scale, vakasiya seri midziyo, izvo akaratidza madhigirii 100 nechando achitandadza mvura. Zero, nekusiyana, zvaireva mota. Linnaeus, uyo kazhinji akashandisa chikero vafunga kuti wakadaro nezvechisarudzo asinganyatsoita. Iye "akatendeukira" iye. In chimiro ichi pakafunuka aripo nhasi. Naizvozvo, mupiro Karla Linneya mu zvipenyu kukura - handiyo chete chinhu kuti musayendisiti akakurumbira.