Ndege Su-25: Technical nokurondedzerwa, kukura, tsananguro. History chokusika

The Soviet uye Russian avhiyesheni ane zvizhinji kunozivikanwa ndege, zita iro rinozivikanwa ose munhu pakawanda, aifarira uto michina. Nezvokunetseka avo "Rook" - Su-25 Kurwisa ndege. Technical nokurondedzerwa kuti muchina uyu akanaka kuti hazvina chete kusvikira nhasi zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa mukurwisana zvombo pasi pose, asi nguva dzose dziri upgraded.

tsananguro

Sezvambotaurwa, kurwisa uku. Flight havukavu - subsonic; It ibhuku rakanaka. The muchina akagadzirirwa kufukidza kurwisa mauto kana akazvimirira chiito sechikamu avhiyesheni zviyero, rungatora pamusoro accumulations ose manpower uye muvengi warrior motokari achibhururuka chero nguva uye zvinenge okunze zvose. achiri chii kunogona SU-25 tsananguro? Chokupika zvinoitwa pamusoro ndege saka ichiita mabasa akawanda kuti vanogona kupedzera bhuku rose! Zvisinei, edza kuita rakanaka pfupi nyaya.

Ndege yokutanga kunze panopera February 1975. The muchina rinoshandiswa zvikuru kubvira 1981, ndege vaiita mukurwisana zvose nezvombo munharaunda yaimbova Soviet Union, uye kwete chete. The wokupedzisira Chiitiko chikumbiro - hondo muna 2008 Ossetia gore. Nhasi tinoziva kuti dzino kurwiswa ndege achava mubasa hondo dzedu kusvikira 2020, asi - pasi Kuwanikwa okunatsiridza ano uye hurumende Kuti kuenderera kwavo kusunungurwa - izwi iri pachena haachatauri nokusingaperi. Panguva iyoyo, Russia ine anenge 200 Su-25. Technical zvechadenga michina dzimire akangwarira vanotsigirwa avo kugara upgrading kuti mazuva ano.

Background pamusoro

Around pakati 60s vemauto kukoshesa Soviet Union neUnited States kunge inini vachinje. Panguva iyoyo zvakava pachena kuti kusvikira aikoshesa pfungwa nokupwanywa muvengi pachishandiswa zvombo zvenyukireya - a benzi kuzviuraya pasi pose. All vakasvika pakugumisa kuti tinofanira kutarisa kushandiswa kwakajairika zvombo. Uye nekuti nyika mbiri dzine mauto akabhadhara tikanyatsoteerera zvakare kuti kukura tactical avhiyesheni sezvo huru zvinesimba simba munyika yose anoitika achangopfuura makore.

Mumakore iwayo, Soviet Union vakanga vakashonga nhumbi dzokurwa, kuti third-19, third-21, Su-7b, uye Yak-28. Michina iyi zvakanaka kwazvo, asi kushanda zvakananga pamusoro kuhondo zvikuru kunaka. Vaiva mukuru kwazvo nendege kumhanya, asi nekuti muviri asingakwanisi kuita uye kurova diki kushungurudza. Mukuwedzera, muchinjikwa kwavo varwise unhu yokuva vasina kuchengetedza nokuti pasi kurwiswa pasi anoshandisa ndege izvi zvaizoita kukuisa aurayiwe chero pfuti. Panguva kuti prerequisites kuti SU-25 dzakaiswa. Technical nokurondedzerwa of muchina mutsva anofanira chinhu kudzokorora avo nokuda kunozivikanwa IL-2: dzokurwa, agility, duku dzinobhururuka nokukurumidza uye chombo.

Brief ruzivo pamusoro pokumuka

Saka, mauto kudiwa mune basa iri ndege. nokukurumidza Sukhoi akapa chirongwa T-8, iyo yakataurwa mainjiniya panguva yayo pachangu. Kunze kwake, muna 1969 ari makwikwi yakanga wakapindwa neDare Il-102, asi ramangwana, "Grach" zvakanaka zvakasiyana ake maduku saizi, zvombo, uye maneuverability. Ndokusaka "kicheni" kukura uswa chiedza wakapiwa, uye kurwiswa itsva norukudzo yapfuura miedzo yose. Izvi zvakanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa nokuti vagadziri vakashandisa paaisika nheyo kunonyanyisa survivability kurwa motokari pasi zvose ezvinhu.

Kunyanya yakawanda nzeve rwakabhadharwa kuna kukwanisa tikashamwaridzana MANPADS kurwiswa ndege, iyo panguva iyoyo akatanga kuonekwa chirwirangwe muchiuto zvingakanganisa muvengi. Kuti US "Stingers" akava nemusoro chaiye neherikoputa yedu Afghanistan, uye naizvozvo vose matanho akatorwa havana wandisa.

"Tank" Ipfungwa

Zvishoma zvakasiyana akasika Su-25T. History, maitiro ayo maoko zvinesungano zvakananga kukura warrior motokari yacho kumwedzi. NATO akaita bheji hwokupedzisira rinorema uye zvakakwana kudzivirirwa matangi, uye saka zvaida rinokosha "subspecies" Kurwisa ndege, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mumwe kurwiswa rezasi aimhanya, ichipa nani chipfuro kuparadzwa.

Akabvuma nadzurudzo iyi rakagamuchirwa muna 1993. Kusiyana mureza "Rook" iri diki, asi ivo vari. The zvachose kubatana ne "mubereki" ndege - 85%. Musiyano chikuru chinhu sighting michina yakakwana uye yakaoma Anti-tangi zvombo "Whirlwind". Zvinosuruvarisa pokuwa Union of motokari 12 akavaka, 8 chete vaiva Russia. Uyezve kugadzirwa uye mazuvaano ndege izvi zvakaitwa. Zvinosuruvarisa Su-25T, mabasa unhu kuti kubvumira nechivimbo yakarova zvose Matangi Western, hauchafambi kubhururuka uye kupfeka kusingaperi kupaka mu ari Lipetsk pakati.

Main zvinhu:

Pamasikiro vakaperekedza kushandisa zvakanaka yakasimbiswa romuzvarirwo aerodynamic configuration dzakakwirira nzvimbo akatakura mapapiro. Kusiyana varwi, nokuda arwise chisarudzo ichi anopiwa kunonyanyisa mwero maneuverability panguva subsonic aimhanya.

Kwenguva refu vanamazvikokota mutsimba Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri aerodynamic configuration pamusoro muchina, asi kuedza harina vakanyura pasina kune yakakwirira prices ose vachasimudza ose muhondo achifambisa, chakanakisisa ndege aerodynamics, chakanakisisa maneuverability kana kuuya kurwisa pasi kunangwa. Nokuda rinokosha aerodynamics SU-25, ari hwokugadzira unhu iyo dzinokurukurwa munyaya, ndiyo kukwanisa kuenda kurwisa panguva yakaoma pamakona, apo kuramba yakakwirira nendege kuchengeteka. Uyezve, ndege anogona svetuka panguva aimhanya anosvika 700 km / h, apo kuva kurereka rworwendo 30.

All ichi, uyewo rakaisvonaka-siyana Reservations, kwete kamwe akabvumira vezvikepe kudzoka kuvakira pane injini imwe chete, iyo fuselage, kuburikidza kubayiwa uye mangled nokuputika kwedzimwe zvitundumuseremusere uye mabara MANPADS inorema zvigwagwagwa.

motokari chibatiso

All ndege waivako Su-25 kuti mari shoma, kana kwete mwero kudzivirirwa muchina. A mwero mukuru uyu. Yasimuka uremu "Rook" inopfuura 7% rinoumbwa zvinhu Reservations uye zvimwe nehurongwa anodzivirira. Kurema ichi mhando chinhu tani zvikuru! All chinokosha ndege hurongwa vasiri chete kupfuura dzakachengetedzwa, asiwo kudzokororwa. Asi chikuru Developers Sukhoi akabhadhara yokudzivirirwa chinotsva ino uye nzvimbo yemutekenyi.

Kamudzira yake yose wakaitwa titanium chiwanikwa ABVT-20. Pakukora zvombo (kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana) kubva 10 kusvika 24 mm. Kunyange windscreen PANE chinhu monolithic chinogumbura TSK-137 muna 65 mm paukobvu, iyo inopa mufambisi kudzivirirwa mabara, kusanganisira guru chaizvo caliber. Ukobvu bronespinki mutyairi - 10 mm. A musoro kuchengetedza 6mm ndiro. Kwete zvakaipa, handiti? Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose.

Munzvimbo dzese mutyairi kunodzivirirwa kubva vachiridzira pfuti caliber kusvika 12.7 mm yemubatanidzwa, uye fungidziro mberi kurambidza denda kubva barreled chombo, iro caliber izvo zviri 30 mm zvichibatanidzwa. Muchidimbu, Su-25, ari hwokugadzira unhu mhiri rumbidzo, anokwanisa kumira kwete chete oga asiwo upenyu mutyairi raakanga Rinotarisira.

Pamusoro yaibvira kubvisa

Panjodzi, mufambisi wengarava yoruponeso mhinduro catapult chigaro K-36L. Rinogona kushandiswa zvose ndege modes, panguva aimhanya zvose uye Meteorological ezvinhu. Asati ejection kanopi iri itangezve nokushandisa squibs. Ejection chigaro rinoitwa manually kubudikidza mutyairi vanofanira panguva kudhonza Pazvibato maviri.

chombo Kurwisa ndege

Chokwadi, Su-25 'Grach' tactical uye michina maitiro ayo dzinokurukurwa mumapeji ino, haagoni kungova havaratidzi zvombo. Zvinonzi vakapakata pfuti ndege, pamusoro kwokunze mutoro inogona vachimunzwa kutungamirirwa uye unguided mabhomba, Nursi, uyewo kutungamirirwa zvombo "mhepo-kuti-mhepo." Vose vagadziri zvaisanganisira mukana munhu asina asingasviki 32 siyana zvombo zvakasiyana. The huru tsvimbo - 30 mm kanoni gs-30-2.

Cherechedza kuti zvose rondedzero iri Su-25K 8th kugadzirwa series, iyo zvino anomira basa Russian Federation Air Force. Pane dzimwe okunatsiridza (sezvo Su-25T), asi michina aya chiduku kuti chero chipi zvacho nebasa razvinoshanda. Asi ngatidzokerei kuna Kuziviswa hunhu "Rook".

Other zvombo - zvakabatanidzwa, wakagara zvichienderana zvechadenga mabasa muhondo vachafanira vazoita mutyairi kurwiswa ndege. Under neimwe bapiro ane shanu kuturika pfungwa kuti marudzi zvombo. Kutungamirirwa zvombo zviri akatasva launchers apu-60 muenzaniso mamwe mabhomba, zvitundumuseremusere, uye Nursi muri pylons kutaipa CDD-25. Kunonyanyisa uremu kuparadzwa rinoreva zvinogona kutakura kurwisa, ndizvo 4400 makirogiramu.

Key waivako unhu

Kuti akubatsire vakafungidzira kuti vanokwanisa Su-25, ari hwokugadzira zvechadenga rokupedzisira yakanakisisa mugumisiro dungwerungwe:

• Full mapapiro - 14.36 m.
• Total Aircraft kureba - 15.36 m.
• Housing kukwirira - 4,80 m.
• Vose bapiro nharaunda - 33,70 m.
• Empty uremu - 9500 makirogiramu.
• Mureza kutora-kure uremu - 14600 makirogiramu.
• Kunonyanyisa kutora-kure uremu - 17600 makirogiramu.
• Engine Type - 2hTRD P-195 (musi wokutanga ndege - R95SH).
• Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza mugungwa - 975 km / h.
• Kunonyanyisa Range (pamwe vachidonhedzera Matangi) - 1850? Km.
• The nharaunda pana kunonyanyisa yakakwirira - 1250? Km.
• Pamuganhu kutiza pamusoro pasi, muhondo mamiriro - 750? Km.
• Flight siringi - 10 km.
• Zvinobudirira kukwirira kuhondo basa (Max.) - 5 km.
• Kunonyanyisa zadzisa muhondo muoti - 6.5 G.
• The vashandi - mutyairi.

Unoziva kuti ndege Su-25, nguva-nekusimba yokutanga hwokugadzira zvechadenga izvo zvatichangobva kukurukura?

Afghanistan

Muna March 1980, bato michina, pasinei inopisa okutsutsumwa mainjiniya havana nguva vazviise aida "mamiriro", akatumirwa Afghanistan. The vezvikepe havana zvakakodzera zvakaitika hondo mumakomo, iyo Banga pachayo yaiva zvakanaka pamusoro pegungwa. Nokuti vhiki ndege chikwata yokutanga nguva dzose kuvandudza nzira uye akazivisa "uduku zvirwere" ndege, riri kunyanya kuoneka ezvinhu gomo akaoma.

By vhiki wechipiri nzira itsva yakamborwa Farakh province. Uye pakarepo zvakava pachena kuti Soviet Union yakanga yakanaka kurwisa ndege. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mainjiniya hadzina kurumbidzwa pakutanga zadzisa "Rooks" zvombo yairema matani mana, akasimuka nokukurumidza kudiwa. Kusiyana Su-17, izvo zvinogona kutora vaifanira matani 1.5 pamusoro mabhomba, kurwisa mutsva vanomutsirwa kudenga sere rinorema pyatisotkilogrammovyh anoshongwa kuti anobvumira nokusingaperi rakanamwa bunkers uye mumapako, izvo wakavanza Mujahideen. Kunyange ipapo, mauto akava kuchitsigira zvakasimba kuti kunokurumidza kuitwa pamusoro muchina kupinda pabasa.

The pakurwisa MANPADS

Nokuedza vokuAmerica uye Chinese veAfghan akakurumidza akazviratidza MANPADS ano. Kuti tikurire navo yakaturikwa zvivako zvinoshandiswa ACO-2, umo mumwe kukaseti 32 ipapo vaIri musungo. On Ndege ose aigona ngariremberere sere zvivako zvakadaro. Izvi zvinobvumira mutyairi shoma ngozi kuita mapfumbamwe shturmovok panguva imwe sortie.