Nzira yekutonga magweta eRussian Federation. Hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurumende yeRussian Federation

Mhirizhonga dzezvematongerwo enyika, kureva, iyo iyo masangano akasiyana-siyana ezvematongerwe enyika anobatanidzwa, inogona kugadziriswa muRussia nekubatsira kwekutongerwa kwematare. Chii chaicho chaicho chebasa ravo? Ndezvipi zviito zvekuita zvekare zvinodzora basa rekukakavara?

Mabasa ematare edzimhosva

Ngatitangei tinyatsoongorora kuti mitemo yekutonga yekutonga kwekutonga kweRussia Federation inosarudza. Izvo zvakasarudzwa zvinosarudzwa negavo sangano re normative chiito - ruzivo rwemagrarian uye huwandu hweRussian Federation. Maererano neCh Code, hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurumende yeRussian Federation inogadzirisa zvinetso zvinosanganiswa nekugadzirisa, sezvatakataurwa pamusoro apa, zvekukakavadzana kwezvematongerwo enyika - avo mune zvigaro zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinowanzobatana: mumwe munhu wezvemabhizimisi, masangano ezvimabhizimisi akasiyana-siyana, makambani enyika.

Mabasa ematare edzimhosva akakodzera anotungamirirwa neAIC uye mamwe maitiro emutemo, kunyanya Federal Constitutional Law on Arbitration Courts. Nhamba yemabasa inofanira kutariswa nemasangano ari pasi apa inosanganisira:

• Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero uye zvinodiwa zvevanhu vanoita mabasa ezvemari, uyewo hurumende yehurumende uye yomuganhu mundima yebhizimisi;
• Kuvimbisa kusvikirwa kwekutonga kwekutonga kwezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvematongerwo enyika;
• Kugadzirisa kwakanaka kwekukakavadzana mukati mekufungidzira nguva yakagadzirirwa;
• Kusimbisa kusimba kwemutemo, mutemo, pamwe nekudzivirira kukanganisa mundima yezvemari;
• Kukurudzira mafungiro ekuremekedza vagari venyika uye masangano kumutemo;
• Mabasa ematare, kukurudzira kukurudzirwa kwehukama pakati pezvematongerwo enyika;
• Maitiro ekutaurirana kwebhizimisi .

Mutemo unowanzoshandiswa wehurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurumende

Ngationgororei zvino zvakanyanyisa zviito zvekutonga zvinodzora sangano rekugadzirisa dare reRussia Federation. Chinhu chinokosha chemurairo, pane kukakavadzana, pamwe nemamwe masangano, vagari venyika uye masangano, vanofanira kuvimba mumabasa avo, ndiwo Mutemo weRussian Federation. Kunyanya, nzira yekugadzirisa matongerwo enyika inotsanangurwa nemutemo mukuru wehurumende, uyewo:

• FKZ "Pamusoro pekutonga";
• FKZ "Pamatare Ekutonga";
• AIC yeRussian Federation;
• Mimwe mitemo yezvematongerwo enyika, iyo yakawanda inowedzera kune mabasa ekugadzirisa.

Sangano rekugadzirwa kwemagariro ehurumende nehurumende yeRussian Federation inogadza tsika, maererano nezvinodiwa nemvumo yepasi rose inoshandiswa muRussian Federation, kana ikatonga mitemo kunze kweiyo inotaurwa mumutemo. Ndizvo chete zvinogadziriswa zvemurairo zvinofanira kushanda kumatare ekutongwa. Kana chiitiko chekuti mutemo uri mukati memutemo wekutonga unotarisirwa kuongororodza zvido zvehukama hwepamutemo mune hurumende yepamusangano hausipo mumutemo, hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurumende yeRussian Federation inofanira kutungamirirwa nemutemo wekufananidza komutemo. Ikozvino, fungai nharo mumamiriro ezvinhu emitemo yakafanana yemutemo, iyo inotonga nzvimbo dzakabatana dzehukama hwepamutemo.

Ngatitorei zvino kuti dare rekurwisana reRussia yeRussia rakaita sangano redzimhosva rakasununguka. Kuti tiite izvi, tinotendeukira kumiganhu yeFKZ "Pamatare Ekutonga".

Dare rekumhan'arira semhosva yepamutemo yepamutemo

Maererano nemutemo unozivikanwa, mutemo uri dare repamusoro. Sangano renzvimbo dzakabatanidzwa rinosanganisira:

• Dare rekugadzirisa dare redzimhosva (ivo vanowedzerawo kubhadhara);
• Dare rekumhanyira;
• Nzira dzekutanga kwekutanga kwezvidzidzo zveRussian Federation;
• Dare redzimhosva.

Pakutanga, Dare reHigh Highest Arbitration yeRussian Federation ndiyo yakakwirira pane imwe nzira. Zvisinei, muna 2014, mutongi wehurumende akaita shanduko, maererano nemabasa ayo e Supreme Arbitration Court yeRussian Federation akaendeswa kune hurumende ye Supreme Court yeRussian Federation. Ngationgororei nezvinyorwa zvese zvekuchinja uku mumitemo yekutonga.

Kuchinja kwehutongi hwegore ra2014

Saka, pakutanga kwegore ra2014, mutongi akatanga zvigadzirisho:

• MuFKZ "PaDare Repamusorosoro";
• MuFKZ "Pamusoro pekutonga".

Maererano navo, sezvatakataurwa pamusoro apa, mabasa e Supreme Arbitration Court yeRussian Federation, mushure mokunge zvigadziriswa zvichishanda muna August 2014, zvakatumirwa kuRF mauto. Nzira yakakosha yakagadzirirwa pakuumbwa kwevatongi muRussia Armed Forces, iyo yakagamuchira masimba matsva.

Izvi zvakashandurwa, maererano nezvo Supreme Arbitration Court yeRussian Federation yakanyatsoparadzwa semasangano akazvimirira emutemo, yakakonzera zvakanyanya kutsoropodza. Sezvo nyanzvi dzakawana, ruzivo urwo iyo maRussia Mauto Ehondo akambova nawo haasi nyore kutamirwa kune rimwe divi rehurumende. Panyaya iyi, maererano nenyanzvi, hutano hwemhosva hunogona kuderedzwa mukugadzirisa matongerwo enyika.

Imwe nzira kana imwe, kuchinja kwekutonga kwakaitwa. Chero dare rekugadzirisa dare reRussian Federation rinobudisa mabasa ayo zvichifunga nezvekuti masimba makuru ekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwezvematongerwe enyika iye zvino ane RF Armed Forces.

Ngationei zvino nezvekushandiswa kwemabasa nemhando dzakasiyana dzematare edzimhosva, izvo zvatakaratidza pamusoro apa: dunhu, kudana, kushanda semasangano ekutanga, ayo anoshanda panzvimbo yezvinyorwa zveRussian Federation, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakasarudzwa. Nokuda kweizvi, regai tishandure kune zvigadzirwa zveFKZ "Pamugadziriro yeMatongerwo enyika".

Dare Reruwa: zvikamu zvekushanda kwemabasa

Saka, sangano rekugadzirisa dare reRussia Federation rinosanganisira zvikoro zvinoshandisa mabasa avo pachikwata chemuganhu. Izvi zvinopesana zvakare zvakare. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti vari kutarisana nharo pamatambudziko ekutanga. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kubvumirana kwematunhu, maererano nemutemo, kwakakwirira kune masangano akadai se:

• Dare reKutsvaga;
• Masangano anoita mabasa panzvimbo yezvinyorwa zveRussian Federation.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mapoka ose maviri emasangano anofanira kunge ari munharaunda yedunhu rakapiwa, kunze kwekuti mamwe maitiro anotsanangurwa muDare reMitemo reMitemo reMitemo. Saizvozvowo, masimba, maitiro ekugadzirisa algorithm, uyewo nzira yekugadzirisa mabasa ekugadzirisa kweruwa akaiswa pazinga reFKZ.

Dare reKutsvaga

Kutaura zvazviri, dare rekugombedzera dare rekutsvaga sangano rezvimiririra rakasununguka rinowanikwawo mukati mehutano hwehurongwa hunoenderana. Simba rake rakasimbiswa zvakare pamwero we Federal Federal Court of the Russian Federation. Pakati pemiganhu yekukwanisa kwavo, masangano aya anogona kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu mutsva kana mutsva.

Kubvumirana munyaya dzeRussian Federation

Mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzakakosha ndiyo dare rekugadzirisa dare renyika kana nzvimbo, iyo inoumba nyaya yakasiyana yeRussian Federation. Masimba makuru emasangano aya anowirirana nekushandiswa kwehururamisiro pamwero wekutanga, pamwe chete nehutsva kana huchangobva kubuda.

Guta rekukosha kwehurumende rinoonekwawo sechinyorwa cheRussian Federation . Nokudaro, kune dare rekugombedzera kuMoscow, St. Petersburg. Mabasa ayo uye masimba anoenderana ne masangano ari mubvunzo. Dare Rokugadzirisa Dunhu reMoscow richaita mabasa aro pasinei neguta guru. Izvo zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro peSt. Petersburg uye munharaunda yeLeningrad. Dare Rekugadzirisa reSt. Petersburg rinogadzirisa zvinokakavadzana zvakasimuka pakati pezvikwata zvebhizimisi zvinoshanda munharaunda yeguta. Kubvumirana muNyika yeLeningrad kuchakurukura nyaya dzinosanganisira makambani anomiririra nzvimbo iyo.

Dare rekugadzirisa dunhu reimwe nzvimbo kana rumwe rudzi rwechirevo cheRussian Federation runoita mabasa aro nenzira iyo, sezviri mumatongerwo emasangano akapfuura, anotsanangurwa pahutano hweMitemo yeBumbiro remitemo.

Imwe rudzi rwekugadzirisa hurumende dzinozivikanwa. Ivo vanewo nzvimbo ye federal. Ngatimboongororai tsanangudzo yemabasa avo muchidimbu.

Specialized Arbitration

Chaizvoizvo, mamwe matare ehurumende angave asingaiti kunge ari kurwisana. Zvinokwanisika kuti vanoita mabasa ane chokuita nekufungisisa kwehutongi uye hurumende dzemhosva, iyo inowanikwa mune ruzivo rwematare ehurumende. Zvisinei, kana zvichidikanwa, vanogona kuita mabasa ekugadzirisa zvakakwana. Kurongeka kwekugadzirisa kwavo, sezvakaitwa nedzimwe nheyo, dzakadai sedunhu, chikwata, dare rekugadzirisa dare reRepublic, province kana kuti nzvimbo, inotsanangurwa pahutano hwe FCZ.

Dare reIntellectual Rights

Muenzaniso wekugadzirisa kwakakosha ndeye Intellectual Property Court. Iri sangano rinotarisana nharo dzakabatana nekushandiswa kwekodzero. Panguva imwecheteyo , Intellectual Property Court panguva imwechete ine simba rekutonga ruramisiro rwekutanga, pamwe chete nechiitiko chepasitori.

Saka, takaongorora ruzivo rwezvemitemo yekutonga masangano eRF, iyo masangano anomiririrwa mairi. Zvichava zvinobatsira kudzidza mamwe mavara emabasa emamiriro aya. Kunyanya, kuti vatongi vanogadzwa sei mukutonga. Kuti tiite izvi, tinodzokera zvakare kune zvigadziro zveState Arbitration Court "Pamusoro Pokugadzirisa Mhosva", pamwe chete nemabasa epamutemo ekuwedzera.

Kusarudzwa kwevatongi mukubvumirana

Kusarudzwa kwevatungamiri, vatongi vavo, pamwe chete nevatongi vemarudzi ose emasangano inoitwa maererano nemitemo ye:

• FKZ "Pamusoro pekutonga";
• Mutemo weRussian Federation "Pamamiriro Evanhu Vatongi".

Iyo ndiyo mamiriro ekumusoro apo mugari wega anogamuchira musarudzo kumatare ekugadzirisa mhiri kweMoscow, St. Petersburg, mahara, nzvimbo, ruwa, ari kuwana mvumo kubva kubhodhi yepamusoro. Uyewo, mutumbi uyu unoitawo zvisarudzo pakusunungurwa kwevatongi kubva pahofisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanogona kukwidza kuBhuku reChirango reRF mauto.

Mari yekugadzirisa

Chimwe chinotevera chekugadzirisa, izvo tichazodzidza - kubhadhara mari. Iyo inoitwa kunze kwekubhadharwa kwehurumende yemari yeRussian Federation. Mari yekubhadhara yezvikepe inoitwa neRF Armed Forces inofunga nezvemaonero eDhipatimendi reMitemo. Nokudaro, mabasa emasangano ari pasi pekuongororwa anoitwa mukati. Dare Repamusoro reMoscow Muguta, guta guru, dunhu rinoshandisa mari yehurumende yemari.

Nhamba uye sarudzo yekugadzirisa

Ngationeiwo kuti mutemo weRussian Federation unoronga sei ukuru uye chimiro chezvikwata zviri mubvunzo. Zvinogona kucherechedza kuti zviratidzo zvakakosha zvinosarudzwa nemutemo webhajamiro, sokuti, sezvatakataurwa pamusoro apa, mabasa ekugadzirisa mhirizhonga anobhadharwa kubva mubhadharo yehurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba uye sarudzo dzematare edzimhosva, zvakadai sedare rekugadzirisa dare reSt. Petersburg, kuMoscow, nharaunda yacho, iyo nzvimbo, inotsanangurwa neRF Armed Forces mumiganhu yakasarudzwa nemutemo webhajeti.

Office of the Arbitration Court

Chimwe chezvinhu zvemahofisi ari pasi pekufungisisa, izvo zvichabatsira kudzidza, ndiko kushanda kwezvigadzirwa. Mutumbi uyu unofanirwa kutsigira sangano rebasa rekugadzirisa. Sachigaro wedare rinokwikwidzana naro rinotungamirira zvikamu zvakakodzera. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinogadziriswa nemuviri uyu:

• Pre-trial reception yevanhu vanopinda mumakakatanwa;
• Kugamuchira uye kubudiswa kwemagwaro akasiyana-siyana, kuongorora kwavo;
• Kubatsirwa nebasa revatongi mukugadzirira kwekugadzirira kwekugadzirisa kukakavadzana;
• Kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana;
• Kutsvakurudza uye kugadzirwa kwechiitiko chekutonga chemhosva;
• Kugadzirira kwezvipo zvakasiyana-siyana pakugadzirisa kudiwa kwemurairo;
• Ruzivo, uyewo bhuku rezvekushandura;
• Nhamba dzekuverenga mabhuku muhutano hwebasa guru;
• Nyaya uye rubatsiro rwekambani yekambani;
• Sangano rekuitwa kwezviito zvakabudiswa nedare.

Izvo zviito zvemajeri epanzvimbo zvinotungamirirwa nehutano hunokosha. Inogamuchirwa neDare reMatongerwo enyika reRF Armed Forces. Kuti uone nyaya dzinokosha dzinomuka munguva yekufungisisa mamwe maitiro, boka revanopa mazano rinoungana muhofisi yake iyo ine zvidzidzo zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa mabasa akaiswa. Nhamba yose yevashandi vezvikwata zvemahofisi ari mubvunzo, kwete kuverenga vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukudzivirirwa, kuchengetwa kwezvivako, kutungamirirwa kwezvivako zvekutakura, zvinosarudzwa nemitemo yebhajeti.

Chimiro uye simba rehurukuro yemubatanidzwa richasimbiswa naasachigaro wedare, zvichienderana nechibvumirano neDhipatimendi reMatongerwo enyika muRF mauto, achifunga nezvezviratidzo zvakatemwa pamwero webhajeti yemutemo. Vashandi vezvikwata zvedare vanogona kuva nehutano hwevashumiri vehurumende. Kodzero dzavo uye zvinotarisirwa zvinoshandiswa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yezvematongerwo enyika nezvimwe zvemitemo zvakagamuchirwa nechinangwa chekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvepamutemo zvemabasa ehurumende. Iko kodzero nemabasa evashandi vezvikwata zvematare vasina hurumende yevashandi vehurumende vanotungamirirwa neRC RF.

Summary

Saka, takadzidza humwe hutsika hwehutongi hwekutonga hurumende yeRussian Federation. Izvi zvinomiririrwa nemarudzi mana makuru: dunhu, mazita, matare edzidziso dzeRF, uyewo kubvumirana kwakakwana.

Mabasa emakambani akakodzera anotongerwa pamwero wehurumende mutemo. Kubva muna 2014, Dare Repamusorosoro reRussian Federation rine ruzivo rwakanyanya mukurwisana. Iye anewo mutungamiri wekugadzira kuumbwa kwevatongi mune mamwe masangano, mukati memiganhu yezviyeuchidzo zvehuwandu hwemapurisa anogadzwa nemutemo webhajeti. Izvo, zvakare, inotarisa kuti nzira yekugadzirisa dare dzematare eRussia Federation ichabhadharwa sei.

Masangano anofungidzirwa kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwezvematongerwe enyika nekubatanidzwa kwevatengesi, masangano ebhizimisi, uye masangano ehurumende. Sangano rekugadzirisa hurumende rinoitwa nemichina yakagadzirirwa mavari.