Paul 1: zvemukati uye vatorwa mutemo, ushe

History 1 Pauro akatanga here nepfungwa yokuti Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, vasati mwanasikana Petro Mukuru uye Catherine Vokutanga (izvo pakutanga zvinofanirwa kunge kuBaltic murimi mudiki), pasina navana vavo, akakumbira mune ramangwana Baba Pavel Russia. Vakazvarwa muguta wokuGermany Kiel, KP Ulrih Golshteyn-Gottorp, Duke akagamuchira kubhabhatidzwa muzita Peter. Izvi gumi (panguva kukokwa), jaya raiva womunun'una Elizabeth uye aiva nekodzero vose Swedish uye Russian choushe.

aiva baba Paul I Ndiani - chakavanzika

Chevaux Paul 1, sezvinoita vanhu vose, havagoni kusarudza vabereki vavo. mai vake ramangwana akasvika Russia kubvira Prussia aine makore 15, musi dzinoenda kuna Frederick II, ave zvinogona mwenga kuti Duke Ulrich. Ikoko iye akagamuchira zita Orthodox Ekaterina (Alekseevna), akanga akaroora muna 1745 uye makore mapfumbamwe chete gare gare akabereka mwanakomana, Paul. History rabva yakakamukana pfungwa pamusoro zvichibvira baba Pauro First. Vamwe vanodavira kuti Catherine akamuvenga murume, saka ubaba rwunoverengerwa anoda Sergei Saltykov Catherine. Vamwe vanodavira kuti baba vake achiri Ulrich (Peter III), sezvo pane pachena uye mufananidzo wechinhu, asi anozivawo Catherine zvakasimba nezvavasingadi mwanakomana wake, uyo angave yakamuka nokuvenga baba vake. Pauro haana samai vakewo, muupenyu hwake hwose. Paul majini kuongorora zvisaririra havasati zvaitwa, saka kunyatsoreva asimbise ubaba yeRussian chamber hazvibviri.

Kuberekwa yaipembererwa rose gore

The ramangwana Emperor Paul 1 aiva mwana kunyimwa rudo kwevabereki uye nzeve, sezvo mbuya vake Elizabeth, nokukurumidza pashure pokunge aberekwa, akatora mwanakomana Catherine uye mumaoko kutarisirwa kwavanamukoti uye vadzidzisi. Aiva mwana-refu akamirirwa kwenguva yose, nekuti pashure Peter Mukuru autocrats Russian vakava nezvinetso chamazuva simba nokuda kushaya vatsivi. Festivals uye mafayawekisi pamusoro pokuberekwa kwake muRussia yakatora kwegore.

Waitirwa youmambo vakarangana rokutanga

Elizabeth akadzokera Tinotenda Catherine kuti kuva mwana ari guru chaizvo uwandu - 100 zviuru rubles, asi amai akaratidza mwanakomana wake mwedzi mitanhatu chete pashure pokuberekwa kwake. Nokuda kwokushayikwa naamai pedyo uye upenzi wo kushingairira basa rayo nomudonzvo, Paul 1, zvipfuwo uye wokumwe chezvawanyora hapana akasiyana musoro mune ramangwana, ndakakura kuororwa chaizvo, inorwadza uye tsinga-wracking. Mumakore 8 (1862) muchinda wechidiki akafirwa nababa vake, uyo akauya simba muna 1861 pashure pokufa Elizabeth, akaurayiwa papera gore muimba youmambo rangano.

Anopfuura matatu asati simba pamutemo

Chevaux Paul 1 waiva nguva yaro yekutenga chaizvo dzidzo, izvo kwemakore akawanda aisagona kushandisa. Mumakore mana, kunyange pasi Elizabeth, akadzidziswa kuverenga nokunyora, iye nyanzvi mitauro inoverengeka vatorwa, ruzivo masvomhu, vakashandisa sayenzi, uye nhoroondo. Pakati vadzidzisi vake vaiva F. Behteev, S. Poroshin, Panin, uye mitemo chitima yake yemberi Metropolitan pamusoro Moskovskiy Platon. Udangwe Paul akanga atova 1862 aiva nekodzero choumambo, asi mai vake, panzvimbo regency, akauya simba tichibatsirwa varindi, akazivisa pacharo Catherine II uye mitemo kwemakore 34.

Paul 1 The Emperor yave akaroora kaviri. nguva yokutanga - mumakore 19 Augustin-Wilhelmina (Natalia Alekseevna), uyo akafa pamwe mwana nokusununguka. iyo achabereka vana gumi, Pauro mugore rufu mudzimai wake wokutanga (sezvo Catherine anoda) Sophia-Augusta-Louise vyurtemberskoy wamambo (Maria Feodorovna), - The rwechipiri. vana vake vakura kutambura zvinoitirwa sezvo iye - vachaita kuti dzidzo yavo achitonga mbuya, uye kashoma kuvaona. Kuwedzera vana vakaberekwa vari muchechi muchato, Paul Simon aiva mwanakomana rudo rwake rwokutanga - musikana ane rukudzo Sofi Ushakovoy uye mwanasikana L. Bagart.

Amai vake vaida kuti anomutorera chake choushe

1 Pavel Romanov paakangogara pachigaro pazera remakore 42, pashure pokufa mai vake (Catherine vakafa sitiroko) muna November 1796. Panguva ino akanga yakatarwa mafungiro uye tsika yokududza remangwana rake uye nezveramangwana Russia kusvikira 1801. Makore gumi nematatu asati afa Catherine, muna 1783, yava akaderedza kushoma ukama hwake naamai vake (zvainzi kuti aida anomutorera kodzero yake choumambo) uye Pavlovsk akatanga kuvaka yayo muenzaniso mudziyo wehurumende. Pazera makore 30, Catherine anoda, iye familiarized pachake nemabasa Voltaire, Hume, Montesquieu, etc. Somugumisiro ake nemaonero aiva zvinotevera :. In hurumende inofanira kuva "mufaro munhu wose uye kuti zvose," asi kana monarchical chete chehurumende.

Coalition pamwe Europe paitonga

Panguva iyoyo vari Gatchina, kubviswa panguva dzacho, ramangwana pamambo akanga achiparidza pakudzidzisa battalions zvechiuto. Rudo rwake kwemhosva chirango zvechiuto uye muchidimbu achasarudza chii chichava vatorwa Politika Pavla 1. A kuda rakanyatsojeka runyararo, zvichienzaniswa panguva Catherine Guru, asi maloposledovatelnoy. Paul kutanga akarwa echimurenga France (pamwe kutora chikamu Suvorova A. V.), pamwe chete Britain, Turkey, Austria, nezvimwewo, akabva akaputsa chibvumirano Austria uye akabva mauto kubva Europe. Kuedza kuenda pakundopambara pamwe Britain kuNetherlands vakanga kubudirira.

1 Pauro akadzivirira Order cheMarita

Kamwe muna 1799 Bonaparte muFrance, kusimbiswa ake ose simba uye mukana wokuti pakuparadzirwa pokuchinja kwakapera, akatanga kutsvaka vatsigiri dzimwe anoti. Uye ini akavawana, kusanganisira chiso Russian Emperor. Panguva iyoyo, France chakakurukurwa pamwe wemasangano navies zvabatanidzwa. Foreign Politika Pavla 1 munguva kurutivi kuguma kwake raiwanzobatana yokupedzisira paumbwe mubatanidzwa kuzorwa Britain, iyo haisisina zvechisimba kuti vazvibate mugungwa (akarwisa cheMarita, Pauro paaiva Tenzi Grand pamusoro Order cheMarita). Saka, muna 1800 pakati Russia uye nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope aiva sungano kuti oendeswa England wokuti zvombo kwavakarerekera.

Utopian muchiuto zvirongwa

Paul 1, zvipfuwo uye vatorwa mutemo wakanga asina nguva dzose kunzwisiswa kunyange boka racho wake, aida kurwadzisa Britain yaro Indian zvinhu panguva iyoyo. Akatuma pakundopambara kuCentral Asia kubva Don mauto (vanhu vanenge 22,500), uye akaisa basa kuti vave munzvimbo yacho Indus uye Ganges, uye "zvakashatirisa" kuna Chirungu ikoko, isingatsiki vaya vanoshora yeBritain. Pakazosvika nguva haina kurarama kunyange mepu nzvimbo, saka chirongwa wokuIndia wakagumiswa muna 1801, pashure porufu Paul, uye varwi vakanga vadzoka kubva steppes pedyo Astrakhan, uko ivo ratosvika.

Ushe Paul 1 kwakaratidzwa chokuti mumakore mashanu apfuura pamusoro munharaunda Russia hapana yaingopambwa vatorwa rwaiitwa, asiwo zvavakawana kunge asina. Mukuwedzera, mambo, kutarisira zvinodiwa Knights cheMarita, akapotsa akakwevera nyika kupinda zvakananga vachinetsana yakasimba simba wengarava nguva - England. The British angave vavengi vake anokosha, apo tsitsi huru kwaaiita Prussia, tichifunga sangano wehondo uye kurarama munyika idzodzo yakanaka yaro (izvo hazvishamisi kupiwa yakatangira).

Kuderedza pachena chikwereti moto

Domestic Politika Pavla 1 akanga zvainanga kuedza kuvandudza upenyu uye chiwedzere hurongwa Russian chokwadi. Zvikurukuru, aidavira kuti homwe ndohwaJehovha nyika, uye kwete kwaari oga, sezvo ari changamire. Saka akapa kuti itye mari nesirivha anogadza vamwe Winter Palace vanopisira chikamu bepa mari rubles mamiriyoni maviri kuderedza chikwereti paruzhinji. Iye wakange azarurira vanhu kupfuura vamutangira, uye vateveri kuburikidza nokuisa pamusoro fence yamambo bhokisi wokushandura zvikumbiro yakanyorerwa kwaari, izvo kazhinji caricatures vamambo pachake, uye lampoons vakawa.

Strange mhemberero zvitunha

Paul Kutonga aizivikanwa 1 uye kuchinja muhondo, apo akatanga imwe chimiro, mirau, dzibatane zvombo, muchitenda kuti panguva wehondo yake ramai haana hondo, uye chete vazhinji. Kazhinji, dzekare vanoti zvakawanda zvakataurwa naPauro, zvaakaitira pasinei mai vake vakafa. Paiva kunyange kupfuura dzisingazivikanwi zvaitika. Somuenzaniso, akauya simba, akatora kubva muguva dzasara akaponda baba vake Peter III. Zvino sokoronoval madota baba vake namai vake chitunha, achiisa korona bhokisi yababa vake, apo mudzimai wake, Maria Fyodorovna akaisa rimwe korona Catherine akafa. Pashure paizvozvo, kuti coffins vaviri zvifambiswe kuna Petro Paul Cathedral, muurayi Peter III, Count Orlov, akatakura bhokisi ake pamberi youmambo korona. The Zvisaririra vakavigwa, zvichiratidza musi kuvigwa.

1 Pauro, panguva ane ushe akanga pfupi, nokuda kwokushayiwa kunzwisisa mabasa akadaro akawana vazhinji. Zvino zvakagadzirwa hwakatangwa naye munzvimbo dzakasiyana haana kukonzera kutsigirwa kwezvakatipoteredza. The Emperor akabvunza mabasa ake ose. Anozivikanwa nyaya, kana iye akamupa musoro mukuru zvakarongeka wokutanga oga asiri kutakura zvombo zvake zvehondo. Mushure Pakadaro, kuranga mauto vakatanga kuwedzera. Hard mirairo achitevedzera Pauro rehurumende vakawanda, kurambidza akapfeka zvimwe kupfeka uye kurayira kusakara zvinhu mharidzo German imwe ruvara ane kupiwa saizi chipika.

Domestic negwaro 1 Pauro akabata uye dzidzo, izvo Sezvaitarisirwa, akanga paku kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu mutauro wokuRussia. Mushure accession pachigaro chamambo akarambidza florid zvirevo, kukamurwa kukurukurirana hwokunyora zvakajeka uye nyore. Iye kutura simba French pamusoro Russian Society irambidzwe mabhuku mumutauro uyu (Revolutionary, sezvo kutenda), wairambidza kunyange kuridza makadhi. Uyezve, munguva yokutonga kwake, kwakasarudzwa kuvhura zvikoro zvakawanda uye mumakoreji, kuti umutse University of Dorpat, svinudzai lääkäri-Nzira Academy muSt Petersburg. Pakati neshamwari dzake dzakanga dzakaita kwakakwidibira unhu, kufanana Arakcheev, uye G. Derzhavin, A. Suvorov, N. Saltykov, Speransky nevamwe.

Sezvo Mambo vanhuwo zvavo vakabatsira

Zvisinei, 1 Pauro, panguva vane yokutonga - 1796-1801, yakanga yakawanda risingadiwi pane akakurumbira mumarudzi ake. Kufudza vanhuwo zvavo, izvo zvakakodzera nezvenzvimbo vanoriritira mhuri dzose mamwe makirasi munzanga, iye akatanga-zuva matatu serfdom uye akasunungura varimi kubva kushanda musi weSvondo. Nenzira iyi chakakonzerwa namaneja kusafara pamusoro landlords Somuenzaniso, muna Russia, uye kusagutsikana kuti vanhuwo zvavo vari Ukraine, apo serfdom panguva haana, asi iye akaonekwa mazuva matatu. Varidzi vaiva ndisingambofariri kurambidzwa uye vakaparadzana mhuri murimi mudiki panguva sale, kurambidza mumwe zvakaipa, kubviswa mabasa kubvira kuvanhuwo zvavo kuchengeta mabhiza hondo uye vachitengesa navo kwakaderedza mitengo chingwa uye munyu kubva ehurumende mumatanda. Paul 1, zvipfuwo uye vatorwa mutemo wakanga dzisingapindirani, panguva iyoyo akarayira vanhuwo zvavo vateerere Varidzi zvose pasi kutya kurangwa.

Kukanganisa pamusoro neropafadzo kwamachinda

Russian autocrat inodzingwa pakati mizhinji Permissions kuti angave akakonzera zvakazosunungurwa nokupondwa 1. Pauro Iye kuvharwa private kudhindwa imba yose, kuti hapana mukana wokuparadzira pfungwa French Revolution, asi akapa pokugara kune French nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vanokudzwa akafanana Muchinda Conde, kana ramangwana Ludwig Eighth . Iye wakarambidza koporo chirango kwamachinda, asi akatanga kuti vazviise maviri rubles mweya uye mutero nokuda kwerunyararo yeko.

Kwenguva pfupi yokutonga Paul 1 rinosanganisira zviitiko zvakadai Kurambidzwa yokurega avakuru, uyo akashanda isingasviki gore, kurambidza nerubatsiro seboka remikumbiro kwamachinda, ari abolition pakati kwamachinda gungano iri mumatunhu, kumatare pamusoro vakuru, uyo vaidzivisa basa. Emperor kwakabvumirawo nehurumende vanhuwo zvavo zvakanyorwa burghers uye vatengesi, izvo zvakakonzera kusagutsikana wevakabhuroka.

Chaizvoizvo nheyo imbwa maberekero muRussia

Chii mabasa akatoita nhoroondo 1 Pauro, zvipfuwo uye wokumwe chezvawanyora - zviri nyota pakafunuka transformations? The Russian chevaux akabvumira kuvakwa temberi ari Old Vakatendeka kutenda (kwese), kukanganwira Poles, uyo aimbotaurawo yemuna Kosciuszko, akatanga kutenga kwose, dzinoita itsva imbwa uye makwai, kuvambwa, chokwadi, imbwa. Zvakakosha uye mutemo yokugara, izvo dziripowo mukana akwira choumambo vakadzi anovamba nzira nokuda regency.

Zvisinei, vose zvakanaka, mambo yaisafarirwa pakati vanhu akasika preconditions nokuda kudzokororwa kuedza musi hwake. 1 Pauro The umhondi chakaitwa vakuru regiments anoverengeka March 1801. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane rangano mambo subsidized hurumende yeBritain, iyo aisada Russia kusimbisa Maltese nharaunda. Kubatanidzwa nemuzviito vanakomana vake haina vaudzewo, asi muzana remakore rechi19, dzimwe zvatisingakwanisi kuti kudzidza kuRussia paitonga mambo akanga hwakatangwa.