Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna, mudzimai Gorky kuti: pfupi Biography

Ekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova-Volzhina - mukadzi zvinoshamisa, ane zita inowanzotaurwa nezvayo apo akaudza Biography kana nyaya paupenyu Maksima Gorkogo. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu havana vakawanda vanoziva kuti yaiva imwe havaoni zviri sangano inonzi Political Red Cross, kubva muna 1918 kusvika 1937 akanga achiparidza urongwa kubatsira vasungwa vari mumajeri Soviet Russia uye USSR.

Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna: Biography

Vana vemhuri anokudzwa mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi19, sezvinoita mutemo, vaiva vasungwa dzakavapo. Zvisinei, pakupera kwezana remakore zvinhu yachinja, sezvo nhengo dzakawanda mukirasi ichi vava murombo, uye vana vavo vakanga nani kupfuura vana pakati mukirasi kana basa, kwangopera chouviri.

Pakati pavana ava vanokudzwa kubva varombo mhuri nazvo katya Volzhina (varoorana Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna). Akanga mumhuri dzakanaka muguta Sumy. Nokuda kwechikonzero chisingazivikanwi, anoratidza musi akaberekwa ari 3 mapepa mumakore akasiyana. Zvisinei, pamutemo nayo vaibvuma kuti katya Volzhina akaberekwa muna July 1876. Kwapera nguva, mhuri yake yakatamira Samara, sababa, kubiridzira chikwereti, akarasikirwa nepfuma yake yose. Ikoko, kwakabva mhuri akaenda kurarama nepokugara imba pamusoro raamai muhoro, riri haawanzotauri zvakakwana kubhadhara rendi. Nechekare kubva 4th girama giredhi katya vakatanga kupa zvidzidzo, nekuti baba vangu vakanga vachirwara zvikuru. Uyezve, iye akabatsira amai, uyo akamhanya ari muto kicheni nokuda nzara.

Muna 1895, Catherine sekondari ane menduru uye pakarepo akasarudza kuwana basa. Waitira nokukurumidza, saka pashure vaviri mwedzi pashure kutambira gwaro musikana akanga mushandi "pepanhau Samara" uye kuita mabasa ose corrector.

Kujairirana wechiduku Gorky

In shanduro "pepanhau Samara" Catherine Volzhina vakasangana Alekseem Peshkovym, uyo nguva nenguva kubudiswa shanduro iyi. Pakati nevechiduku vakatanga sechamupupuri dzorudo. Zvakatora kwerinenge gore vabereki vomusikana yavasingazoshiviriri kusarudza mwanasikana wake. Vakatoedza akatuma kwaari Kronstadt, achitarisira kuti kuda kwake kuti munyori-regai kuitsigirawo Kuparadzana refu. Asi mugumo akafunga zvimwe: Paul Volzhin haana kurarama kudzoka vasikana kubva rwendo, uye chirikadzi haana kuvhiringidza wake mwanasikana. With chikomborero wake muzhizha 1896 Catherine uye Max vakaroorana. Pashure paizvozvo Catherine Volzhina akachinja zita rake kuti Peshkov uye hazvina kuzvichinja mugumo woupenyu usati.

akaroora

Muna 1897 vaviri vakanga mwanakomana wavo Max, uye ipapo mwanasikana katya, uyo akafa yomumuzongoza apo akanga nepaburi 5 years.

Ichi chiitiko chinosuruvarisa kwakaitika nguva pfupi pashure muduku mhuri yakatamira Nizhny Novgorod. Vomusikana rufu ndiye aikonzera richipedza pakati vakaroorana, uye pakupera 1903, Peshkov vakaparadzana mubvumirane, zvikuru kuti Gorky aiva mumwe mukadzi. Zvisinei, havana zvichachengetwawo muupenyu hwake noushamwari chaizvo ukama. Pane uchapupu hwokuti chakarongwa kurambana Aleksey Maksimovich uye Yekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova haana formalized. Kutsigira kutaura ichi ndechokuti Gorky haachatyi kujoina chero vakanyorwa muchato, kunyange nguva kuenda nevakadzi.

kurarama kwose

Muna 1907, pamwe-gore 10 okuberekwa mwanakomana Bamba Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna akaenda kunze kwenyika. Ikoko akagara kunyanya Paris. Nokukurumidza, aimbova mudzimai Gorky akasarudza kuramba dzidzo yake uye akatanga kupinda French mutauro makosi uye hurukuro pamusoro evanhu nesayenzi panguva Sorbonne University. Parallel izvi, zvakanga kufarira basa madenderedzwa rubatsiro mujeri uye muutapwa, akarongwa neZvapupu V. N. Figner. Kunze Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna (ona mufananidzo. Above achiri muduku) akabatana Socialist-kuipandukira, uye vakamboshanda muhofisi mubvakure, kwaiitirwa sangano zvinhu rubatsiro enyika Russian vanotodzoka.

Panguva World War First

Muna 1914, Peshkov yaisangana komiti vana "Batsira vanoitirwa hondo" uye vakaronga boka revazvipiri, tsvaka yevana akasiya mberi mutsetse. In basa iri, iye akabatsira I. N. Saharov - sekuru A. D. Saharova.

Kusarudza kuti pamba iye anogona kuunza makomborero, Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna, pamwe chete nomwanakomana wake kuRussia. nzira yavo yakanga izere kutsika, sezvo nekuda mamiriro enyika akasika apo munyika, kubva Italy vaifanira kuenda nechikepe kuConstantinople uye kubva ipapo kusvika Odessa.

Mabasa Red Cross

Vaya vaiziva Ekaterinu Peshkovu, akamudana munhu philanthropic hunhu, sezvo chikamu chikuru hwake chakatsaurirwa kuna vanhu, mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe vanozviwana vari mumamiriro ezvinhu umo havagoni kubatsira pachavo. Kunyange panguva mutsigiro kunze musikana akatanga pamwe Red Cross uye kuramba kutsvaka vasungwa uye pashure achidzokera kumusha.

Panguva Bolshevik kutya Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna akaramba kushanda nokuti Red Cross. Bolshevik sangano haana zvakakodzera, asi nehurumende mukomana Republic aigona kuiteerera, nokuti raisanganisira nhamba dzakadaro anoremekedzwa sezvo Korolenko, Kropotkin, uye Veresaev Figner. Panguva iyo pane chinozunguzirwa itsva vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika, zvino vasingabvumirani mitemo iri RSDLP (b).

"Co-mashandiro" pamwe KGB uye NKVD

Moscow Committee of Red Cross kushanyira majeri Peshkova akarayira. Cheka ichi Musadzivisa uye akatarisa basa rake kuburikidza neminwe yake. It akachengetedzwa kunyange uchapupu kuti aimbova mudzimai Gorky kubva imwe yenzendo kunze vakauya F. Dzerzhinsky chipo itaure. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mhaka ukama izvi ndiko kuda kurezva Gorky Lenin munzira dzose kuti rutsigiro kwayo.

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1919 Ekaterinu Pavlovnu yakavhurwa kuongorora faira. Iye akapomerwawo kungova Socialist-Revolutionary Party. Panguva kuferefeta, mukadzi mumba zvaisechwa, asi iye haana kusungwa, uye muna 1922 nyaya rakavharwa.

Pompolit

Muna 1922, Ekaterina Peshkova (mudzimai Gorky kwakaita) akaita sangano idzva. Vanhu akaitumidza Pompolitom nekuti vashandi vayo vakaedza kuti upenyu nyore mujeri pevhu zviuru vanhu vanoitirwa enyika udzvanyiriri. Kakawanda, mukadzi akashanyira vasungwa panguva anotsvaka vasungwa, anosarudza wePolish Red Cross. Uyezve, Ekaterina Peshkova (mukadzi Gorky) kakawanda akaenda kunze kurera mari nokuda kuziya Volga. Uye mupiro kwayo chaizvo kuti ruponeso vaJudha, mhosva Zionism, mazhinji iye akabatsira kutama kuParestina.

Kunyange muna 1938 Pompolit yakavharwa iri mirairo NKVD, Ekaterina Pavlovna akaramba kubatsira vose vaya akatendeukira kwaari. Muna 1941 zvakanzi akatizira Tashkent, uko iye akararama kusvikira hondo yapera.

Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna, Biography izvo makamuziva kwemakore akawanda vakashanda ari consultant pa Archives A. Gorky Institute of World Literature. Akafa mushure nechirwere refu muna 1965. Iye akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery, tevere mwanakomana wake uye mwanasikana.

mwanakomana

Sezvambotaurwa, dangwe Peshkov - Bamba - akaberekwa muna 1897. Most uduku hwake yaaipedza naamai vake kunze. On paakadzokera muna 1917 akabatana RSDLP. Pakarepo shure kuti ndakatanga kushanda KGB, paakange nechokuita nenyaya nezvokudya nerubatsiro guru. Muna 1922 akabva kuItaly. Akararama muBerlin. Kazhinji akasangana naye Gorky. Muna 1932, pamwe chete nababa vake mudzimai vakadzokera USSR. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chinowanzoonekwa kukokwa roga uye solder commissar of NKVD Yagoda. Rimwe zuva, pakudzoka kwake achibva raitevera mabiko, kuchitonhora, akanga agere pachivanze, kuchitonhora chaizvo uye akafa nemabayo.

Zvino munoziva akanga Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna. Zvaiitika nevaya vakapupurira mabasa ayo pamwe Red Cross uye Pompolite maitiro ave munhu akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna rudo - kubatsira vanhu vanozviwana vari akaoma muupenyu ezvinhu.