Present Perfect Time: kushandiswa mitemo mienzaniso uye magadzirirwo

Nhasi munyaya ino tichakurukura sei kushandisa nguva rechiito iri iripo vakakwana, mitemo inotungamirwa zvivakamutauro siyana, mashandisirwo mienzaniso, uye zvakawanda. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zviri - chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nguva, aishandiswa Chirungu. Present yakakwana rinoreva chiito munhu kuti kwakaitika kuti (vakatanga) kare, asi panguva imwe chete, kuhupenyu ino nguva. Zvinokwanisika kuchengeta mugumisiro chiito ichi munyika chipo.

Present yakakwana: inotungamirwa mitemo

Present wakakwana akaumba sezvinotevera:

I / isu / iwe / mukadzi / iye / nayo + vane kana ane + kare PARTICIPLE

(Kare PARTICIPLE zvinoreva rechiito iri zvatoitika). Nokuti vanonzi "dzose" verbs (ivo, sezvo tichiziva, ruzhinji) kufamba nguva inogona kuwanwa nokuwedzera nokuguma «-ed» panopera shoko. Nokuti verbs "zvakaipa", nzira iyi haisi akakodzera, chimiro chavo okupedzisira unofanira nemusoro. Cherechedza kuti verbs vane vabatsiri uye kazhinji kuderedzwa kuti 'vashanu uye' s, ona:

• Ndakagara akanyora kuti nyaya - I akanyora kuti nyaya.
• ZvaAkaita homuweki yake - akaita homuweki yake.

Kana nokumunyima yekushandiswa hamuna kana asina, mupfupi ngavawane hamuna / asina.

Present Perfect: kushandisa nemazvo

Kutanga vadzidzi vari nyore kunzwisisa kana chete vanofanira kushandisa nguva Present Perfect, nokuti kazhinji vakavhiringidzika Somuenzaniso, pamwe Past Simple. Verenga chikamu ichi nokungwarira, pano tine hwakadzama zvikuru Kutarira panguva Present Perfect, ayo pokushandisa ushe;

• Present Perfect rinoshandiswa, kana totaura chiito, kutanga rakanga kare, asi, zvakadaro, vachiri kuenda mberi. Kazhinji zvirevo akadaro mashoko "nokuti" uye "kubva":

- Chivako ichi chakanaka wekare akamira pamusoro ichi mativi kwemakore matatu nemakumi mashanu - Uyu chivakwa yekare yakanaka vakamira (uye, chaizvoizvo, anoramba) munzvimbo iyi zvave nemakore 350.

- Ndava nenzara. Handina kudya kubva kwemasikati - Ndiri kusimba nzara. Handina kudya kubva zvemasikati.

• Present Perfect rinoshandiswa, uye patinotaura pamusoro chero zvinhu zvakaitika munguva yakapfuura, asi zvinogonawo kuitika mune ramangwana. Nguva nguva iyo chiito kwakaitika, uchigere rapera, kureva, Zvingangodarowo kudzokororwa mumwe kana kakawanda. Somuenzaniso funga:

- Maria ave kuLondon kamwe, asi iye anoda kuenda ikoko zvakare - Maria vaimbova muLondon, asi iye anoda kuenda ikoko zvakare.

• The aripo paakapera nguva rinoshandiswa date mitsara: rino gore / zuva / vhiki / mwedzi, munguva ichangopfuura, nokusingaperi, asi. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nguva nguva kusingajekeswi, asi zvakabatana chaizvo ichi. Somuenzaniso:

- Ko vanzwa kubva John ichangopfuura? - Vakanzwa chinhu pamusoro Mark ichangopfuura?

- I kunge mune zvakawanda nzvimbo yakareba mavhiki mashoma - Mumakore mashoma mavhiki, ndashanyira nzvimbo dzakawanda.

- ndine nemikombe mashanu girini tii nhasi - I akanwa nhasi vane 5 mikombe girini tii

• Kana nguva Present Perfect: kwayo Kushandisa mitemo anoshanda kune avo ezvinhu umo tinogona kare kuona migumisiro chero chinhu. Somuenzaniso:

- The Kudengenyeka akaparadza iri bhizimisi iri yose - The kudengenyeka akaparadza yose munda indasitiri (somugumisiro, uye zvino nharaunda kuchiri nechinetso maindasitiri production).

• Kakawanda Present yakakwana zvino kushandiswa zviitiko uye yezvakaitwa achangobva. Somuenzaniso, uri kugadzirira kwemasikati uye akacheka chigunwe chako. In Chirungu, apo anoti Oh, I 'vashanu akacheka munwe wangu! (Oh, I akacheka munwe wangu!) Kuti kushandiswa bedzi kuburikidza paakapera nguva ino.

Zvaunofanira kuteerera, kana mazano pamusoro kudzidza wenyaya

Present Perfect - pfupi iri uye zita rakajairika nguva varipo vakakwana nyore, mitemo kushandiswa iyo yatabva. Tinovimba kuti nyaya yedu rakubatsira kunzwisisa zvivakamutauro nyaya iyi yakaoma. Uye yeuka - zvose zviri ndadzidza tsika, kureva, paunonyanya kuita zviitwa kusimbisa kushandisa chinoramba chichingoshandiswa, duku kukanganisa mune ramangwana uchaita. Cherechedzawo kuti Pari Perfect iri nyore kushandisa nguva achienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, pamwe Pari Perfect ari runoramba, vane mitemo kureva uye kuti paumbwe kunzwisisa zvakagadzirwa (kunge kana kwave + Verb-dzichiitirana), uye kushandiswa munyaya apo vaite akatanga kare, asi panguva imwe chete haasi pamusoro asi uye, uyezve, ichiri nhasi. Zvisinei, chete tsika richakubatsira vagone Chirungu panguva yakakwana pamwero kutaura uye kunyora zvakajeka uye zvakarurama.