Shoko "refu": anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms, uye shoko kuongorora. How kuperetera shoko "refu"?

Chii mukukurukurirana zvinoshanda shoko "refu"? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu, uchadzidza kubva zvinhu ino. Uyezve, isu achakuudzai sei kuti nekukatanura munhu lexical chairema sezvamunoita, sei munhu fanano anogona kutsiviwa, uye zvichingodaro.

tsananguro

sei iwe kuperetera zvakarurama shoko "kwenguva refu," anoziva anenge munhu wose. Asi kwete vose anoziva mukukurukurirana izvozvo ndohwavo. Nezvenyaya iyi, zvinonzi aronga kutanga nyaya yedu tsanangudzo iyi kunyanya nyaya.

Kuona chikamu kutaura

Yokusarudza mukukurukurirana zvinoshanda shoko "refu", kunofanira kuiswa pechingoro muchimiro - a "refu". Next, tinofanira kubvunza zvakarurama mubvunzo: "Chii" - refu. Naizvozvo, chinhu chine chipauro. Asi ichi zvinomutsa mubvunzo mutsva nei shoko "kwenguva refu," kunoguma muna -s, -s kana -s, uye chiri? Izvi zvinoda kuyeuka zvikuru adjectives.

Inosiyana kuenzanisa adjectives

adjectives chatingatevedzera mazita ose vane rakadaro chinji morphological chepfungwa ndiyo ukuru kuenzanisa. Kubva zvezvaidzidziswa, tinoziva kuti mumutauro wokuRussia, pane madhigirii maviri:

• okufananidza;
• zvakaisvonaka.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

hwakanakisisa

Yakadaro chiratidzo kunoratidza duku kana mukuru mwero pakuonekwa chizenga (semuenzaniso, chikuru gomo) kana kuti shoma kana guru mwero pakuonekwa chizenga (semuenzaniso, murume wakanaka).

Zvinokosha zvikuru kuziva kuti rakaisvonaka mwero adjectives achiumbwa nokuwedzera inokosha shoko kana -aysh- -eysh- suffixes, prefixes nai- uye mamwe lexical dzakabatana "vakawanda", "vakawanda", "zvishoma", "zvose" kana "nhamba ".

Sezvo isu akatsanangura kumusoro, shoko "urefu" - chipauro ichi. Zvisinei, hakusi zvakakodzera mune zvakakwana, nokuti hauna kuchengetwa kana suffixes -eysh- -aysh-, nai- inonyaradza, uyewo mimwe dzakabatana lexical,, "zvishoma", "zvose" kana "zvose" vakawanda "" vakawanda " ".

okufananidza

Akadaro chinhu adjectives rinoratidza pamwero nechinhu imwe hama mumwe (semuenzaniso, Mary kupfuura Sasha; mudziva zvakadzama kupfuura) kana iri nyaya, asi nenzira yakasiyana ezvinhu (Mary kupfuura zvakanga mugore pamberi ; panguva ino mudziva Hwakadzika kupfuura).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hama dhigirii achiumbwa pahwaro adjectives pamwe suffix kunoreva akadai ndivo / -zhe raro (s) uye -e (semuenzaniso, wakakwidzwa, nokukurumidza, ambotaurwa, kudzika) po- prefixes (semuenzaniso, kuvatsva ), uyewo dzimwe zvigadziko (semuenzaniso, chakanaka - zvakaipa nani - kuipa) kana kupfuura lexical dzakabatana (more zvichidzika).

Kubva apa tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti shoko "urefu" ndiro zita chipauro ari kuenzaniswa dhigirii. It sostovit kubva mujinga "refu" uye suffix "izvozvo".

Sei kuperetera shoko "refu"?

Kudzidza kuperetera shoko, anoziva anenge munhu wose. Nepo vamwe vanhu panguva yokunyora zvinogona vachiri kuita chikanganiso. Somuenzaniso, kazhinji mutsamba raiva mashoko anotevera: ". Ngationei ane refu mhino" Hazvina chakaipa chiperengo shoko. Mushure zvose, zvinofanira kushandiswa chete netsamba mbiri "n". Kuti aratidze izvi, tinomiririra runoenzanirana kutonga mutauro wokuRussia.

Shoko "urefu" achiumbwa kubvira kwokutanga chimiro chipauro "refu". Sezvaunogona kuona, pane tsamba mbiri "n". Pashure pezvose, akavapindurawo, ichi chikwata lexical yakatanga kubva rokuti "urefu" pamwe inoshandiswa pakutsigira yacho suffix -n-. Somugumisiro, "refu" uye "nguva" zvakanyorwa chete kaviri "n". Heuno muenzaniso wakajeka:

• Her kupfeka kunopfuura vangu.
• Zviri yakareba kupfuura nemusikana wake.
• Long nzira ndakasangana muupenyu hwangu.
• Zvaiva refu zvokuti haawanzotauri zvakafanira muna motokari.

Panzira, yakadaro lexical Unit, vamwe vanhu zvinombokunetsa uye chiperengo tsamba "Ini". Somuenzaniso, kazhinji dzinogona kuwanikwa mundima shoko "Nguva wokumbopota". Sei kuedza nayo iyi? Kuti aite izvi, kushandisa mutemo rezvematambudziko unstressed mavhawero ari mudzi reshoko. Kureva, akapa kuna lexical hadzisisina kunodiwa kusarudza shoko ongororo, umo tsamba yaizova mibvunzo iri kuvhunduka chinzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, "urefu". Sezvaunogona kuona, tsamba "Ini" shoko unomiririra kumikidzo. Somugumisiro, kodzero yokuva "refu."

Morphemic kuongorora mashoko

Kazhinji vadzidzisi kumbira vavanodzidza kuita kuti kuongorora mashoko sezvamunoita. "Long" - a lexical Unit, iro matambudziko zvokuti afumure morphemic kuongorora. Zvisinei, pamusoro apa takaona kuti ishoko akadaro kuumbwa. Ndokusaka gujunura kwayo sezvamunoita harumiririri chero dambudziko.

Saka ita morphemic Kuongorora chipauro "refu", iro umire okufananidza dhigirii:

• Sarudza nokuguma. Muchiitiko chino, zviri razero.
• Sarudza yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi. Panyaya iyi, iyo chivakashure chisipo.
• Kuona suffix. Okufananidza suffix mu akapiwa shoko riri -ee-. Panewo suffix -n-, raiva hwaro.
• We kusarudza mudzi. The pashoko iri "yakareba".
• Sarudza nechepasi. Hwaro chipauro "refu" - "refu".

sarudza fanano

Nerokuti muna Russian akadana mashoko chete chikamu rwokutaura, zvakasiyana zviri chiperengo uye inzwi, asi vane lexical rinoreva zvakafanana. Heuno muenzaniso wakajeka:

• diki - diki;
• guru - guru;
• akanaka - akanaka;
• shata - anotyisa;
• vanoda - dai;
• taura - tauriranai;
• kukuru - rakakura;
• kusika - kusika;
• chinhu - nyaya;
• kufa - kufa;
• chengeta - ndakarovha;
• chando - neteply;
• zvishoma - vasingatsanyi, uye zvichingodaro.

Saka, rakada kufanana neshoko rokuti "urefu" unofanira kuva chipauro uye zvichida kumira okufananidza dhigirii. Somuenzaniso:

• refu - elongated;
• hwakareba - Matangiro Aungaita;
• hwakareba - ruoko;
• refu - kuramba tichishanda;
• refu - sezvo kumusoro;
• hwakareba - Matangiro Aungaita uye zvichingodaro.

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti anoreva zvakafanana nokuti shoko iri rinofanira kusarudzwa kuitira kuti, muna akapoteredza vanoonekwa dzinongoitika. Mushure zvose, zviri kukanganisa, kana iwe ukati: "Hazvina plangent kupfuura iye," sezvo zvakakodzera kuti: ". Ndiye akareba kupfuura iye"

sarudzai antonyms

Antonyms muchiRussia anonzi shoko rimwe uye chikamu rwokutaura, zvakasiyana zviri chiperengo uye inzwi, asi vane pakatarisana lexical zvazvinoreva. Heuno muenzaniso wakajeka:

• kwechokwadi - venhema;
• akanaka - shata;
• uti - kuramba akanyarara;
• chando - Hot;
• refu - pfupi;
• chena chando - Hot;
• makuru - diki;
• kutsanya - unononoka;
• mhanya - kumira;
• chakanaka - zvakaipa;
• soro - kuchamudukupisa;
• vakaipa - zvakanaka uye zvichingodaro.

Saka, edza kusarudza imwe rokupikisa shoko "refu":

• kureba - mapfupi;
• kwenguva - zvishoma.

Saizvozvowo, unogona kunhonga anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms kuti kutanga chimiro ane chipauro "refu". Somuenzaniso: yakakwirira, kwenguva refu, kwenguva uye pfupi, zvipfupi, muchidimbu uye zvichingodaro.