"The Kreutzer Sonata" by Lva Tolstogo. Mukupfupikisa, ongororo uye inofambiswa nyaya

"The Kreutzer Sonata" - basa unoshamisa Lva Tolstogo, rakabudiswa muna 1891. Nokuda kwayo tsamwisa kugutsikana zviri pakarepo pasi zvikuru kusenza. Munyaya kumuka muchato, mhuri nyaya, ukama kumukadzi. izvi unopfuta misoro yose munyori ane mafungiro ake yepakutanga, nehana vaverengi nekushamisika. Zviri basa iri uye nhau munyaya ino.

History chokusika

Nganonyorwa "Kreutzer Sonata" rakanyorwa panguva NdiTolstoy kurwara pfungwa uye zvinhu dambudziko. Munyori aiti kuti muupenyu hwake maiva kugadzirisa "basa, unonzi unyanzvi." All basa - wokufananidzira ezvinhu, manyorerwo, maumbirwo mabhuku magamba - kwave kuchiita chikuru kuchinja zvichienzaniswa mabasa vekare Leo NdiTolstoy. The chikuru Pfungwa "Kreutzer Sonata," NdiTolstoy wake "Afterword," anonzi tsamba imwe mukadzi anonzi Slavyanka uye ataurwa kero yake ake pamusoro kudzvinyirirwa vakadzi chinodawo hunhu pabonde. Vanotsvakurudza dzinoti mashoko okugadzira zvinhu chaiwo dzemakwiringwindi kunyora enganonyorwa October 1887. Zvinobikwa nemunyori kakawanda rewritten. Kwokupedzisira shanduro yakatanga verenga NdiTolstoy muna November 1989 yevashoma vateereri mumba Kuzminskaya.

kusenza

Muna 1889, NdiTolstoy akatuma novella "The Kreutzer Sonata" panguva St. Petersburg rokubudisa imba "murevereri", apo kamwe chokwadi kuti chigadzirwa uchashayikwa nokuda aongororwe. kutsikisa vashandi vakashanda kuti nyorazve basa rake uye kuti vape makopi ose pamusoro St. Petersburg. Zve ari bombshell. Zvisinei, asati pamutemo bhuku zvakanga zvichiri kure. Maererano mukuru utariri vepahofisi Press rakanga unequivocal: nyaya Haringatongogarwi rakabudiswa muna Russia, uye bhuku anofanira pakarepo kuparadzwa. Namatatu Vhoriyamu inounganidzwa mabasa NdiTolstoy vakaramba kudhinda nokuda chete nezvikonzero - "The Kreutzer Sonata" waibatanidzwa mariri. Chete mvumo pachedu Alexander III, uyo akaita mukadzi kubva NdiTolstoy, Sofya Andreyevna, akabvumira kuti kubudisa scandalous bhuku muna 1891. Sei zvakadaro utsinye zvakanga rakavapo kusenza? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu inogona kuwanikwa rondedzero yacho.

pfupiso

"The Kreutzer Sonata" inotiudza njodzi huru hunhu, Basil Pozdnysheva, vaigara mafungu, azere kunonakidza adventures ouduku, akasarudza kugara pasi uye akatanga mhuri matatu. Akaroora rudo, aida kuomerera "monogamy" uye zvikuru chokudada nevavariro yake zvakanaka. Zvisinei, ukama hwomurume nomudzimai vave dzakazungunuka kuna avo hanimunu. Pozdnyshev akanzwa kuvavenga mukadzi wechiduku, uye akaenzanisa nayo "kugutsikana kuti utere", iro zvichipomerwa "vakapedzwa" kutobaya rudo. Nokufamba kwenguva, gamba akaziva kuti muchato wake haangavi kumuisa chinhu dzinofadza nezvekufadza. Zvose zvakanga "zvinonyangadza, zvinonyadzisa uye anofinha." Kuberekwa uye zvokurera vana akashanda mumwe mukana negakava uye zvisizvo. Kwemakore masere, vakaroorana vaiva nevana vashanu, pashure iyo mudzimai wake akaramba asununguke, vakauya pachake uye akacheuka kunotsvaka nezviitiko matsva. Iye ainakidzwa söpö violinist kwaari "Kreutzer Sonata" vagari unongotaura. Pozdnyshev akatambura godo uye kamwe akawana mukadzi wake aine aikwikwidzana, akauraya wake Dhamasiko reza.

Ukama mukadzi

Zano inoshanda anosuwisa, asi zvikuru zvinogamuchirika. Chii saka dzinoronga uye nehana vanhu "Kreutzer Sonata" by NdiTolstoy? Chokutanga nezvakatongwa, iyo inotaura protagonist. Own ndararama unhu hwake anoita vakanyangadza. Asi iye blames achinyanya vakadzi. Izvi Kupfeka kwezva twavanopfeka, avanotarisira kuva "zvinhu chido." Iye mhosva vanaamai vanoda kunobatsira vakunda vavo kuroora uye kuti vapfeke kuti avo dzinonyengedza outfits. Anoti kuti vakadzi vanonyatsoziva kwavo simba pamusoro pevanhu uye vari kushingaira kurishandisa, vachiziva kuti zvishuvo zvenyama kuikunda vamwe vose kupfuura akakwidziridzwa kuti akasimba pabonde vavariro. Uye zvose izvi zvakatongwa nehanya kwete chete nokuda Vanhu rawa, vane mabasa vari haana kuvanda, kuti vamiririri makirasi vakapfuma. Kutaura zvazviri, iye anodana chipfambi maitiro vakadzi vamachinda yakakwirira munzanga uye anoti vakadzi kucharamba vachaninipiswa, kusvikira vanodzidza kuva nomwero uye vakachena.

Mafungiro kuti muchato

Nganonyorwa "Kreutzer Sonata", iro Kuongororwa iyo chinopiwa munyaya ino, ari kushingaira kusimudzira zvepabonde hakushandi. Uye kwete chete ndiye muchato. NdiTolstoy anoreva shoko kubva Evhangeri yaMateu: "Munhu wose anotarisa mukadzi zvokumuchiva atoita upombwe naye mumwoyo make" - uye inokurukura mitsetse izvi kwete chete kune kunze upi mudzimai, asi kunyange mudzimai wake. Iye anoona mafaro kwenyama kutsarukana uye zvinosemesa. Anofunga ukama hwake nomudzimai wake hwakaipa nokuda kwokuita mhuka, izvo zvisiri pamutemo kakawanda akaratidza vakananga kwaari. Achitenda kuti vanhu ndiko unspoiled musikana vanoshora kuratidzwa zvose rudo chaiko. Kana munhu anotakura yakakwirira zvinotarisirwa kuti rudo rwaMwari, ipapo yazara venyama - yokuzvidzora rudo, unounza mutadzi kugehena. Uye kunaka chinokurwadzai kunyange mhosva zvikuru kuna Pozdnysheva - umhondi.

Mafungiro kuvana

Vazhinji zvakawanda mutongo chine "Kreutzer Sonata". NdiTolstoy (pfupi nyaya tigutsikane iri ino) vakasasiya ibwe unturned mune kwakajairika uchenjeri pamusoro Unconditional vana vavo. Pakuonekwa vemumba mashanu Pozdnysheva mhuri kwete chete haana kuvandudza ukama nemhuri protagonist, asi pakupedzisira vakapamba. mudzimai nyengedzeka uye philoprogenitive nguva kunetseka pamusoro pavana, chii pakupedzisira chepfu upenyu Pozdnysheva. Kana munhu pakati pavana akarwara, kuvapo Basil akatongwa gehena kupfuura akakwana. Uyezve, vaviri vakadzidza "kurwa" nemumwe ... vana. Mumwe nomumwe aiva rake dzinovaraidza. Nokufamba kwenguva, Vakomana vakakura uye vakadzidza kutora divi rimwe vabereki, kuti chete anoenda kudira mafuta pamusoro pomoto. Zvisinei, NdiTolstoy mumuromo gamba rake inoti kuti vana akamuponesa kubva kurwadziwa negodo kugara, nokuti murume akanga achiparidza chete muzvinhu mhuri uye vasina chido noushamwari. The kutombonaka zvakatanga apo vanachiremba vamudzidzisa kudzivirira pamuviri.

Atinoitwa Uri

Hapana tsaona kupfuura scandalous itsva pamusoro Leo NdiTolstoy anonzi "The Kreutzer Sonata". NdiTolstoy, muchidimbu mabasa yatiri retell, aiva maonero ayo yepakutanga pamusoro art. Aiona mumwe zvakaipa anondimutsa dzakaipa kupfuura zvakaipa zvevanhu. Pozdnysheva mukadzi akarega asununguke, kuwedzera kutarisika uye zvakare akava munyaya kuridza piyano. Yakanga mavambo nomugumo. Chekutanga, maererano huru hunhu, vakawanda upombwe zvavakaita munyika anokudzwa muvanhu pasi chokumupomera of Arts, kunyanya mumhanzi. Chechipiri, mimhanzi unobudisa "kunovhiringidza pfungwa" panguva vateereri, zvine musoro kuti akanzwa panguva yokunyora munyori basa, kubatanidza pamwe zvakaitika kuti munhu haasi chairwo, kuti iye kutenda mikana mitsva kusunda, saka kutaura, horizons pakati nezvavaifunga . Uye nei? Kuti mudzimai wake ainzwa Pozdnysheva paminiti chokupika "The Kreutzer Sonata", chido chii itsva vakapinda mweya wake vanogamuchira? Mutambi mukuru asingatani mhosva kwokupedzisira kuwa vasvitsa vanokanganisa simba mumhanzi, izvo zvinofanira dzinoenderana nzvimbo uye nguva vaurayiwe, havangazomuki muvanhu, mhuka zvaisazogona.

pfungwa vomunguva

"Kreutzer Sonata," NdiTolstoy aiva nyaya dzinotyisa gakava, kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kwose. Chekhov vayemura kukosha zvakagadzirwa uye runako kuita nyaya, asi gare gare akatanga sokuti musoro uye mapenzi. Uyezve, akataura kuti vazhinji kutonga ari chigadzirwa anofumura munyori wayo somunhu "vasingazivi, musanetseka zvenyu ... kuverenga mabhuku maviri kana matatu akanyorwa nenyanzvi." The Church akashora zvakasimba pfungwa zviri nyaya. Naye vakanga vachida zhinji enyika vatsoropodzi. Ivo vied nemumwe touted zvinoyevedza zviri enganonyorwa uyewo dzinotyisa akatsoropodza zvarinoreva. A. Razumovsky, I. Romanov vakati kuti Leo "iri kupenga" yakavhiringidzwa dzapedyo mashoko ukama hwemhuri uye "wakataura musoro." Dzakadzokorora wokumwe mabhuku nevatsoropodzi. American Isabel Helgud, mushanduri NdiTolstoy, yakanga maonero kuti zviri nyaya zvinonyadzisa kunyange mitemo rusununguko rwokutaura Russia uye Europe. Leo NdiTolstoy akamanikidzwa kubudisa "Afterword", umo nyore uye zvakajeka mutauro rinotaura pfungwa inokosha basa rake.

kuberekesana nyaya

Vazhinji kunaka Wongororo ndakanzwa pamusoro nyaya yake Leo NdiTolstoy. "The Kreutzer Sonata" chibharo vaverengi hwokufungazve kazhinji kugamuchirwa dzemunharaunda, akaita mubvunzo hukama pakati pavo zvikuru akakodzera uye kukurukurwa. The maonero yemunyori mukadzi, Sofi Andreevny. Kuzvienzanisa uye zvakafanana ne upenyu mhuri Leo NdiTolstoy pashure racho yokufungidzira vaiva chisingadzivisiki. Mudzimai NdiTolstoy, kunyange nokungwarira zvakakopwa "Kreutzer Sonata" uye kushingaira kutsvaka bhuku ayo, akanga nepfundepfunde pamusoro yakakurumbira murume. Somukadzi uye inoshamisa tarenda, iye akanyora basa mhinduro "waani mhosva", iro akapinda polemics pamwe Lvom Nikolaevichem. Nyaya yakabudiswa chete muna 1994, asi akagamuchira kunaka wongororo kubva vatsoropodzi. Zvisinei, muna wake Countess akaratidza maonero ayo kuti maitiro evanhu uye akatengesa mafungiro avo zvechokwadi kune vakadzi. "The Kreutzer Sonata", wongororo izvo rinowanika kunyange afa, akasiya yakadzika mucherechedzo pamusoro upenyu mhuri NdiTolstoy, nokusingaperi kumira ukama dzaro wake.

In mhedziso

The akaunganidza zvinoshanda Lva Tolstogo "The Kreutzer Sonata" anodada nzvimbo. More takasununguka mabhuku pachena kuti nguva vasingazivi. Kurambidza pamutemo kusenza akaita zvakatowanda akakurumbira. Maererano vomuzuva, pashure nechitarisiko chigadzirwa ichi pachinzvimbo chamakarairwa mubvunzo "makadii?" Vose vakabvunza mumwe pamusoro "Kreutzer Sonata". Pfungwa dzakawanda dzakaratidza basa, uye iye zvino zvinoita sokuti nharo, uye dzimwe nguva anosetsa. Zvisinei, tsananguro mupfungwa yakarurama ukama hwemhuri, iyo pakupedzisira kuwana nezvacho, uye nhasi anoramba zvinokosha uye zvinoda kunyatsofungwa.