Valdai bhero: kare, photo, mamiriro uye zvinokosha

It vagara Great Russia rakabudisa ari kurira pamusoro mabhero - mazororo vakaridza bhero kukuru chechi shongwe muupenyu hwezuva nezuva vakazadzwa mabhero pamusoro uketani bhiza harnesses, kupa vanhu mufaro uye mutambo kumunetsawo. With chii akatanga nhoroondo mabhero yakakurumbira munyika Valdai - taura mapeji emabhuku yekare.

Vakauya pamwechete bhero?

Pfungwa rakasikwa mabhero akasvika musoro bhishopu Nola Miron Pondiyo Paulinus wenyasha. Ndakapedza vakaongorora zvavo, bhishopi vakasarudza kutora kuregawo, zvokurega panguva yakanaka wemarudzi, vashoma mitema mabhero. Dozed, akarota vatumwa vakanga akabata maruva, uye vakataura zvinyoronyoro mabhero, sirivha. Kuti kurira saka zvakashamisa Pondiyo, kuti akadzokera Nola, akaudza izvi tenzi, uyo akakwanisa kukanda chaiyo kopi munda yendarira bhero. Kunyange zvazvo, kana ukavimba humboo venhau dzakaitika, chokutanga vachikanda mabhero vakasangana kwokutanga zvikuru, ivo vakaitwa zvimwe vaEgipita.

Pane nyaya dzakawanda kudanana. Young musikana achigeza musango rwizi. musoro wake nomucheka chishongo mabhero dondo. The musikana akanyudza wake anoda - yomunzvimbo mupfuri - nisa bhero pakuyeuka kupfuura dzinodiwa uye zvinodhura.

Pane hypotheses akawanda akanaka, sei pfungwa nebhero chikakandirwa somunhu chigadzirwa, asi ivo chaunovaudza rudo, kana ndakasuruvara kuguma.

Wokutanga Valdai bhero. nyaya

Maererano nengano, nyaya inotanga vanenge 1478. Mitemo panguva chevaux Ivan III, akarayira kuti anofambisa bhero Novgorod kuMoscow, akatora zvose pamwe Sofia belfry. Zvose zvakanaka kusvikira zvino, kusvikira mutakuri haana kusvika Valdai kumakomo. Zviri pano kuti sleigh, rakanga rataurwa gungano bhero, akakungurutsa pasi dzinotsvedza mumugwagwa, akapidigura, uye bhero, achiwira pasi yegomba rakadzikadzika, putswa mumazana zvidimbu zvidiki. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, zviri kubva zvimedu izvi yakatanga Valdai mabhero. Pashure nzvimbo ino zvakatanga veko kuuya. Vaiunganidza mabhero, vachiuya kumba, akabvunza vemifananidzo foundry kuita makopi. Izvi zvakanga zvakamufanira kutenda kunoshamisa simba ichi. Vanhu vaintenda kuti muimba pane Valdai mabhero, iva nechokwadi kugadzirisa mufaro, rugare, kuwirirana, rugare, zvakanaka.

Start okuwana

Zvinonzi ichaongororwa kuti pakutanga kugadzirwa raiva yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore. Kudikanwa asike mabhero aiva chokutanga - vaiva mumwe zvinoumba vengoro pamusoro kubatikana mumigwagwa of Moscow uye St. Petersburg. Nokukurumidza vakatanga kuonekwa Mumusangano nyanzvi kuti masaisai uye okudhindira, izvo zvave akadzidza uye kuburitswa magadzirirwo uye dzinokosha pezvokuvamba Valdai bhero.

Nokukurumidza zvakava mufashoni mumwe siginicha muuki akasika zvisikwa zvake. Nikita, Ivan, Aleksey Smirnovy, Kuvshinov Tersky - foundries vane zvigadzirwa vakaburukira munhau somunhu yoga mukova. Kubvira, Valdai mabhero zvikazikamwa sezvo zvizvarwa Russian kuvamba. Zvishoma nezvishoma yamschitsky mabhero akatanga kuwana zvakawanda nokubwinya - havana chete chinhu chinokosha pamusoro akangwarira munzira, asiwo yekudyidzana akamutsa ari kufara pamusoro coachman, kunyanya ekunze akaipa kana hwava usiku.

Bell bhero kupesana

Zvinogona kukanganisa kufunga kuti vose vakasikwa kuti chinangwa chimwe chete, asi hazvina kudaro. Yamschitsky rakapa pachavo zvisiri zvavo - somuenzaniso, kazhinji musi nyaya dzinogona kuverenga nhetembo: ". Links, nyaradzo - enda kurumidzai" Gift mabhero kunzi "chipo Valdai," "vandinoda, waipa" uye akafanana. Nokukurumidza, kupfuura zvinodhura uye kukosha muupenyu vechidiki Valdai mabhero - muchato. Zvakanga Nyanzvi chaiye, pamwe mufananidzo pamusoro payo shanu ichikwira mu zvomuchadenga dzokumusoro shiri. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti panguva yakanga isingori zita inozivikanwa tenzi, yakanga yakazara pamusoro chigadzirwa. Mumwe havaoni wokutanga, uyo akaita wake akanyorwa, aiva Alexei Smirnov. Anozivikanwa uye mumwe munyori - Terek - nhasi mu Russia kuchengeta ayo 19 mabhero.

Kubva tenzi kune miti

Nokukurumidza munyika vakatanga kuonekwa zvinomera, kunoisa Kumikidzo mhando yebasa: "Valdai mabhero - kugadzirwa" - zvinogona kuverengwa iri nzira dzakawanda kuti zvitoro. Yokutanga yezana remakore rapfuura aizivikanwa pakuvhurwa zvikuru mazita Smirnov fekitari, pamusoro akati chete akanakisisa unokandirwa bhero - chikuru uye vakawanda foni. Zvechokwadi yakakura chigadzirwa akaberekerwa nyanzvi mumaoko vatenzi - bhero kuti anorema makirogiramu anopfuura 1,000. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti Smirnov kukanganwa muduku Valdai bhero chii. Chirimwa anogamuchira zvirevo zvakawanda kugadzirwa yavo, pamwe ruzhinji nyaya vakakandirwa kuti temberi uye dzemamongi muRussia. Nokukurumidza rakasvika zita kugadzirwa musika Stukolkina chirimwa. Ivan Stukolkina akaburuka munhau sezvo tenzi, otlivshy mabhero 11 (avo uremu kwakanga makirogiramu anenge 4400), inobva Siberian coppers.

End of fekitari nyaya

Chisimbiso ari maindasitiri kumusika anosima Smirnov uye Stukolkina zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuwana vakwikwidzi. zvigadzirwa Its tengesa simbi zvigayo Alekseya Usachova, Georgi Andreev, hama Usachev. Tint mabhero kuti machechi Valdai kare vaiita kwete chete Stukolkina asi hama Usachev. In fashoni zvinosanganisira mabhero, izvo akaturika mukova, uye pakombiyuta mabhero, izvo twakawandawanda varanda. Vakanga kushanda haana kusiyana nevaya yaishandiswa vatyairi. rakanyorwa chete akajekesa chii bhero ichi. Zvino kwakauya October Revolution, uye neshongwe bhero zvakanzi rakapotsa rakaparadzwa muna Russia. Zvakazoonekwa kuti zvikuru kuramba chirimwa Usachev, asi nokukurumidza akavhara masuo aro nokusingaperi. Foundry rakazotanga zvishoma kwapera, zvisinei, chairo chatingatevedzera Valdai asisiri kuchengetwa.

Immortalized munhau

Kuti achengetedze nhoroondo Valdai vachikanda mabhero Valdai Museum yakatangwa. Local Lore Museum Valdai anowana Exhibits yokutanga muna 1980 - ipapo akauya pano mukombe zvinhu vanatenzi Andreev uye Grigoriev, uye paiva nenzvimbo yakaita dzimwe zvinhu. Izvi akadzinga muchikepe mabhero, mabhero, akaronga kuti mombe, yamschitsky uye bhodhi - kwamagwaro kukasawedzerwa pakuparadzwa nokukurumidza. Pashure pemakore 15, ari miziyamu akagashira itsva nzvimbo administrative - ari kuvaka Lviv yeraundi. Panguva iyoyo, kuunganidza yave kwete chete Exhibits diki uye svikiro kadikidiki, pano tine bhero guru. Zvakanzi dzinounzwa nzvimbo waigona kuona Valdai bhero - Photo - kare vakaedza nokudzosazve vakasara mifananidzo. Asi zvakadaro nani kuiona nameso angu. Pane chitendero kuti kurira pamusoro zvinorira Valdai Unochenura mweya, kuporesa kubva chirwere. Uyezve, munhu wose anoda anobvumirwa vanokwira shongwe uye kudana pachako.

The rakasiyana Valdai mabhero?

Kusiyana zvitare pakati inzwi ravo - vanoti kuti mumwe bhero rine, "inzwi" yayo nemamwe. Nhoroondo yavo rikaporeswa mumakore, nekuti hapana zvinyorwa kuchengeta havana, uye zvose zvinozivikanwa nhasi, akanga adzidza nokushandisa mashoko anogona kuwanika pamusoro chigadzirwa pacharo, - mazita, misi, zvinomera. Mumwe pakutsanangura nguva aiva "siketi" bhero - saka ainzi ake pasi. Vazhinji dzekare vakagumisa kuti chimiro mabhero zvakananga nowenyika kumisasa mukadzi wokuRussia. Kusiyanisa unogona Valdai kugadzirwa uye zvimwe zvinhu - streamlining mhando bhandi ine mafungu, rurimi uye ayo kuturika. chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine yayo kusiyana, riri rakasiyana nhasi haisi ikoko. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ichi Ndokusaka mutengo mishonga kwagara yakakwirira chaizvo. Nhasi, unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvigadzirwa anozivikanwa chete zvizivikanwe zita "Valdai" - zvinosuruvarisa vaburitsi dzomunharaunda havakwanisi kudzidza chakavanzika kurashwa, umo vakawana akakurumbira yakachena, zvinyoronyoro ngwerengwere mabhero Valdai.