Vateveri Catherine Guru. Grigory Orlov - a kufarira kuti Catherine Guru

Paitonga Empress Catherine II chakanga chakakuvadzwa sezvo kurema evanhu matambudziko vavapo muna Russian Empire, uye kusvikira mukare akamboona okusarura. Young suitors uyo vakakomba Empress, kuva chaizvo inokanganisa mudzimba uye vatorwa wokuti hurumende. The vamiririri rokumusoro strata pakati kwamachinda akatanga kutsvaka azvipfumise kuburikidza kurumbidzwa zvokubatwa kumeso favorite itsva Catherine Guru, nokudaro kukoromora zvose tsika dzemunharaunda uye magariro magungano nguva. Chokwadi, hapana nzira haagoni zvinobvisa kubva zvikuru kukura Russia, inova nguva muushe Empress. Zvisinei, isu hatingazvirumbidzi kutsanangura mamiriro mabasa uye mabasa Catherine II zvose, uye vachaedza kuudza pamusoro poupenyu mukadzi akasiya zvisingafi zvechokwadi chiratidzo munhau nyika yedu pachedu.

Princess Fike

Future "nyasha dzaMwari Empress uye autocrat All-Russian" Catherine, vatowana nevaairarama rokuti "Mukuru", akaberekwa musi waApril 21, 1729 mune Prussian taundi Stettin. Major General, Colonel of Prussian mauto Christian August pakati Anhalt-Zerbst wake Johanna Elizabeth, akapiwa dangwe rake - mwanasikana - yakanaka zita German - Sophia Augusta Frederica. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vabereki vake vakanga chokuita youmambo dzimba Europe zhinji (baba vaiva musoro Prince uye kunyange akazova muridzi German Duchy pakati Zerbst uye mai vake akaberekwa muchindakadzi pakati Holstein-Gottorp), achiri muduku aiva muduku somunhu mupenyu munhu "ropa youmambo" . Kurarama muimba munhuwo German, Fike, akanyatsoti akadana mwanasikana vabereki, inogona akagadzirira musikana kubva mhuri Bourgeois iyoyo dzidzo pamba, izvo hazvo kunosanganisira kukwanisa kubika uye yakachena.

Tanga nzira "youmambo"

Muna 1744, pasi patronage ari Prussian mambo Fridriha Velikogo, Sophia Augusta naamai vake vakanga anokonzerwa Empress Elizabeth, akanga achitsvaka mwenga kuti mwanakomana wake St. Petersburg. MuRussia, muchindakadzi wokuGermany vakapfuura tsika rubhabhatidzo uye tsika Orthodox ainzi Catherine A .. Muna 1745 akaroorwa ari Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich, ramangwana Mambo Peter III. upenyu hwemhuri wechiduku nezaladilas kubva pakutanga. Mugari wenhaka pachigaro, kana nokuda umbishi dzavo kana dementia, kana kungoti kubva "nezvavasingadi" kuchitonhora chaizvo mudzimai wake. Kunyange muchato usiku wavo, haana mari chero kuteerera muduku mwenga. Iye zvakasiyana irrepressible pabonde nevakwegura, unhu chete vaifanira mukono kutarisirwa uye, maererano vakararama, pakarepo pashure yomuchato atanga noushamwari pachena chete Cavaliers.

Rudo chakakomba pakutanga

Panguva upenyu wake mune ramangwana Empress akazviratidza muchivande anoda. Vakava Sergey Vasilevich Saltykov (1726-1765), chakanaka jendurumani mumhuri dzoumambo, vaiva chinzvimbo gota of Grand Duke. Saltykov panguva navazikani yavo vakadzokera makore 26 okuberekwa. Akava kufarira rokutanga Catherine II uye chete navose vaiva vakuru kwaari. Kutaurirana pakati nevechiduku kubvira 1752 ne 1754, asati aberekwa mwanakomana Catherine - mugari wenhaka pachigaro - Paul Petrovich. Vazhinji vakararama raibva Saltykov ubaba naPauro wechokwadi. Like kana kwete, Hazvizivikanwi, ivo Empress, makuhwa aya haana kurambwa. Kana Sergei Vasilyevich - iye mugore iroro wakatumwa nhume kuna Europe, apo nguva refu akaramba imwe tsamba yake anodiwa. Ndizvo chete Saltykov kutanga kwavo Countdown kufarira kuti Catherine Mukuru, uyo Portraits zviri zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa nanhasi.

Rudo Two: Pole muduku

Catherine, sezvo wechiduku, kushingaira, uye addicting chaizvo mukadzi Aisagona kuramba oga. Muna 1756, iye akanga achida itsva. Vakava Stanisław August Poniatowski (1732-1798), mumwe Wenyika vakadzidza, nokukurumidza kuva mumiririri Polish muSt Petersburg. Maererano runyerekupe, zviri kubva iyi, ramangwana Empress akasunungukira 1757, mwanasikana Anna, vakafa nemakore maviri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Peter Fedorovich aiziva pamusoro ukama wake ane Pole muduku, uye chii zvakawanda, izvozvo anovatsigira. The chete zvinokosha anokumhan'arira of "adventures" pakati Catherine akava mambokadzi anotonga - Elizaveta Petrovna. Muna 1758, akadzidza nezvoruvengo pamusoro hanzvadzi yake, akatsamwa kwazvo uye akarayira kuti pakarepo kutumira nhume shure kuPoland. Catherine akachengetedza kuyeuka unodikamwa, uye pashure kumanikidzwa kuparadzana. Muna 1764, yakanga yatova Empress akabatsira Stanisław August kukwira choushe Commonwealth.

Gregory Orlov (1734-1783)

Ndezvipi zvakaitwa Grigoriy Grigorevich Orlov vari kutapwa mukadzi uyu? Ko nhoroondo inotiudzei? Future kufarira zviri Catherine Guru akaberekwa musi October 17, 1734 mumhuri ine Retired Major-General - Grigory Ivanovich Orlov. Childhood Gregory uye vana vababa vake kwakaitika pave norudo, kuwirirana uye kudziya. Musoro wemhuri, uyo aiva simba mubvunzo, kumbobvira vakapinda namarudzi nharo, hapana zvinonyadzisa. Orlov akagamuchira zvakajairika kuti vanhu mudenderedzwa rake dzidzo musha, apo vainyatsotarisirwa akapiwa kunodzidziswa zvechiuto uye kurovedza muviri. Hama akasiyana vazhinji vezera ravo wakareba kwazvo kwazvo, ari umhare nyaya uye simba guru. Muna 1749, Gregory vakapinda St. Petersburg nyika kadheti Corps, pashure chaainge pakarepo akanyoresa vepamusoro Guards Semenov hondo. Jaya rikava chaizvo akanaka, aida vakadzi uye aiva chido Amorous adventures. Zvisinei, iye akasiyanisa kuti ushingi hwake uye ushingi hwakamubvumira nokukurumidza kumuka kuti chinzvimbo refutenendi chinzvimbo uye kuenda chikamu wehondo muHondo Yemakore Seven '.

zvakapembererwa zvombo

Muhondo ramangwana kufarira Catherine 2, Orlov akaratidza akashinga zvikuru murwi. Kubwinya Gregory akauya ropa hondo pedyo German musha Zorndorf, apo uto Russian akasangana nevarwi Prussian King Frederick II. Muhondo apererwa Guardsman vakaratidza Pazvinhu ushingi, akadzikama zvinoshamisa uye kutsungirira kukuru. Kuva wakakuvadzwa katatu, akaramba ari nemapoka akawira mugomba kwainyanya kurwa uye nesimba Raziel muvengi. The nhau yakapararira kuburikidza dzezvakaitwa gamba musoja nemapoka kutuswa varwi vose Russian, uye uto Prussian vakakundwa uye akaisa kutiza. Nokuti avo kurwa ushingi uye ushingi Grigory Orlov akanga akakwidziridzwa kuti chinzvimbo mukuru, uye hondo naye zvino wakwana. Chokwadi ndechokuti muhondo zorndorf akabatwa mubatsiri Friedrich Graf of neSchwerin. Musingavayemedzi basa adzikinure musungwa kudare Empress Elizabeth, uye akapiwa jaya guardsman.

Kujairirana ramangwana Empress

Muchirimo 1759, Gregory akasvika kuchamhembe guru, kwaakanga pakarepo vacho nehama dzake, Alexei uye Fyodor, uyo akashanda ari chinzvimbo namachinda makuru uye Semenovski Preobrazhensky Guards regiments azvaitwa. Trinity aiva mafaro kuburikidza anorega fara mafaro, kuda kutsika uye makasa. Zvisinei, muna 1760 Gregory akatama kubva Guard atirari uye akagadza mubatsiri nesimba chaizvo vanokudzwa - Count Petra Ivanovicha Shuvalova. Kamwe pakati upenyu dare, akanaka Orlov akasangana makumi matatu Catherine, anoyevedza uye ruzivo norudo muzvinhu makore asi panguva imwe chete vasingafari mukadzi kutambura nokusurukirwa nokunyadziswa kubva kumurume wake. Grigory kungokangaidzwa yemberi Empress ouduku hwake, chido uye adventurism. Kwenguva refu anoda akakwanisa kuvanza ukama hwavo kubva kunze.

Yokumukira Emperor

Orlov, vaiva nomukurumbira vanhu vakashinga uye vakatendeseka, vakanakidzwa kwazvo mukurumbira munyika Guards regiments, anomirira chikuru simba uye kutsigirwa simba roumambo. Hama kukurukura neshamwari, akatanga kusika mufananidzo kutenda Grand Duchess, zvishoma nezvishoma kuswedera kurutivi rwake kuwedzera nhamba wavakakudzwa neechiuto. Vanozvitutumadza unhu mugari wenhaka chigaro Peter, zvakonzerawo ayo mukurumbira. Wokutanga wokuti ndiyo nevapanduki Varongi, uyo waisanganisira ano (Orlov) uye ramangwana (G. Potemkin) Followers Catherine 2, vakaisawo December 25, 1761, zuva rufu Empress Elizabeth. Zvisinei, Grand Duchess pachake ari kurasikirwa, zviri rinotyisa nokutya, uye nguva chakarasika. Zvisinei, kuvhiringidzika Catherine chikonzero nokukurumidza chakazivikanwa. Akanga nepamuviri pemwedzi mishanu, uye vose courtiers vaiziva kuti akanga Gregory baba vomwana. The mukomana akaberekwa muna April 1762, wainzi Alexei, akagamuchira musoro Count uye akava muvambi nomunhu anokudzwa Bobrinskys mhuri.

wamambo kubvuta masimba

Rokutanga "matanho" Emperor Peter III (mhedziso norugare Prussia uye disbanding cheVarindi, iyo yakanga iri ikure weuto Russian) akaita kusagutsikana zvikuru munzanga. Orlov hama, vakabatana achigumburwa muchiuto, vakasarudza kupedza usiku 27 musi June 28 kubvuta masimba, chinangwa rakanga kupidigura mambo. Aleksey Orlov Catherine akauya kubva Peterhof guru, apo vakanga vakasangana pedyo Gregory nevamwe vake. Guards regiments akapika mhiko kuna yemberi autocrat, uye kubva 9 am muna Kazan Cathedral akatanga kugadzwa setsika. Peter III, nepo oranienbaumin, ainyatsoziva netariro chinzvimbo chake, uye zvokungoti hapana zvokuzviita akasaina abdication ake. The Empress aiziva zvose pamusoro kukuru basa hama dzake kugadzwa uye kazhinji akadzokorora gare gare kuti chikwereti zvakawanda Orlov.

Grigory Orlov - a kufarira kuti Catherine Guru

Mushure kugadzwa zviri Catherine, achidururira okuremekedza, mazita okuremekedza uye mibayiro kubva kuzobatsira vanamukoti ake ose, akatamira kune Winter Palace. Makondo, pasinei mambokadzi zvakapa wakare, dzakada kugara pedyo wake waaida. Kwaari kwakauya nguva zvechokwadi anoshamisa. Yakavakwa musoro count, vakagamuchira chinzvimbo Major General, Grigory akatanga ive simba zvikuru, iye zvakanaka nguva dzose nokuda Empress, uye akakurukura naye zvose zvinoitwa nehurumende. Catherine II akanga kwazvo kwazvo ake kufarira uye kunyange zvakakomba kuenda kuenda Orlov vakaroora. Autocrat kumudzivisa kuita kudaro, tanetseka chaizvo, asi achiri vakakwanisa Count Nikita Panin. Vezvenhau munomuziva seaiti, "Amai, isu tose kuteerera murayiro Empress, asi ndiani uchateerera Countess Orlov?" Gregory, maererano zvakaona, iyewo zvikuru kwazvo Catherine uye anopa yake chipo chinokosha, yakakurumbira zvikuru rinova nedhaimani chikuru.

Life mudare

Grigory agara vakatsigira rwokuedzesera of Empress uye ukuru nemasimba ayo akaedza kumubatsira vari kurapa mamiriro. Akanga asina ruchiva rwesimba, riri kusangana zhinji kufarira kuti Catherine Mukuru uye vakararama panguva yake vakataura nezvake somunhu norupo, aine uye hunhu hwakanaka murume. Graf Orlov aifarira zvesayenzi uye uzivi, nhetembo uye nounyanzvi. Akapa rutsigiro uye patronage guru Lomonosov, uye pashure porufu rwake, akakwanisa kutenga zvose mabasa musayendisiti uye anovaponesa kuzvibereko. Aiva mumwe initiators mushandirapamwe pamusoro vokuTurkey kuti kuwana kweGungwa Dema. Kunyange zvazvo Empress akasada anoda naye hondo, kushandisa akawanikwa nokukurumidza. Grigory Orlov, mumwe kufarira kuti Catherine Guru, vakatumirwa kuMoscow kurwisa kupararira denda. Akakwanisa kuratidza apo unyanzvi ake kwesangano uye mwedzi kuti kubvisa guta kubva denda inotyisa. Catherine akasangana gamba kuti anoda, akarayira kuvaka Arc de Triomphe uye vachikanda menduru pamwe mufananidzo kuverenga iri rukudzo rwake.

Sunset yakajeka nyeredzi

April 18, 1772 Gregory akatumwa Romania kuti hurukuro vokuTurkey. Panguva rwendo urwu Orlov akaziva kuti Catherine II aiva chaanofarira itsva. Zvakazoonekwa Nadya Semenovich Vasilchikov (1746-1813) - iri mumanzi of Life Guards chemazana chehondo, raiva rakakurumbira vanokudzwa mhuri. Gregory August 28 Akaputsa musangano uye vakamhanyira St. Petersburg, achida kusangana pamwe Empress. Catherine panguva iyoyo akanga atopiwa mushumo kubva Count Panin aine nhau kuti Makondo vakundikana Nhaurirano, uye pakupedzisira akasarudza kuputsa naye. Empress akaramba aimbova anoda yake vateereri uye akamuendesa kuti wegore "zororo", kuzoripira pamwe pagore vapfumi kugutsikana, uyewo zviuru serfs. Muna 1777, Earl akaroora hama yake, iye nokukurumidza akarwara tibhii uye akafa. Grigory kugona kumira rufu kwake, akakanganisa pfungwa uye akafa April 24, 1783.

Life hazvirevi mira

Alex Vasilchikov akagarwa mashoko hunoshamisa kudaro dzaidzidziswa yapfuura kufarira kuti Catherine Guru. Kunyange zvazvo akanga ari muduku kupfuura Empress makore 17, asi zvakasiyana kushaya dzidzo uye nokukurumidza kufinhikana pamwe Empress. Zvayo zvakwakanakira vangazivikanwa chete noudyire, uye kuti haana kushandisa nzvimbo yake. Iye akatsiviwa muna 1774 vakauya Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin, uyo akazova mumwe wevarume vakakurumbira zvikuru nguva yake, kubva chokuita nako Catherine akabereka mwanasikana - Elizabeth Grigorievna. The scion dzemhuri anokudzwa yevarombo, Potemkin akava yokutungamirira guru, shamwari uye co-mutongi chaiyo Empress. Mu "romukova" kufarira Grigory chikatsiviwa Petr Vasilevich Zavadovsky, uyo akava akakurumbira anoremekedzwa. Paitonga Alexander I, muzukuru Catherine, iye akapiwa pambiru Minister of Education.

Mashoko mashoma mhedziso

Followers Catherine 2, aichimbova kazhinji nevabatsiri vacho Serene Prince Potemkin, simbi kubudirira mumwe. Vamwe vavo, akadai yemberi gamba ari Patriotic War, Alekseya Petrovicha Ermolova, akawana mukurumbira uye vanhu rudo. Ruzhinji, akanyora mubhuku rake rinonzi, "mumwe kufarira kuti Catherine Guru" Sorotokina NM, mubasa nemaune makaro, uori, ndokudururira hurumende muchivigiro. A Chiitiko okusarura akaisa pasi ine rima aizonyatsovachenesa pamusoro nhoroondo yose Russian wehurumende.

The inozivikanwa zvikuru kufarira kuti Catherine Guru

Photos vamwe vavo unogona kuona munyaya ino. Kunyange hakusi dzinovavaraidza zvose Empress. Wedzera Favorites Catherine 2, vakagamuchira mukurumbira mukuru: Aleksey Petrovich Ermolov (remangwana gamba hondo pamwe Napoleon), Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (the yokutungamirira guru yaitonga) uye Platon Zubov, wokupedzisira kufarira of Empress.