Wethermodynamics - a ... Kutsunga mitemo, Implementation uye pezvakaitwa

Chii wethermodynamics? Zviri davi wefizikisi kuti vanodzidza ehupfumi ose macroscopic gadziriro. Panguva iyoyo kudzidzwa vachawa pasi dzokudzidzisa simba yokutendeutsa uye nzira kwayo hutachiwana. Wethermodynamics - a davi wefizikisi kuti vanodzidza pezvakaitwa kuitika munyika dzavo hweHIV. Kuti achiri inowira ari mazita vadzidza vake zvinhu nhasi uye tozotaura.

tsananguro

The mufananidzo pazasi kuona muenzaniso thermogram yakawanikwa iri kudzidza inopisa chemvura.

Wethermodynamics - sayenzi kuti rinoshandisa generalized chokwadi hwokurara empirically. Zvichiitika thermodynamic gadziriro pezvakaitwa zvinorondedzerwa nokushandisa macroscopic zvakawanda. Pane zvakarongwa zvinosanganisira parameters akadai wevasungwa, kumanikidzwa, tembiricha uye zvakafanana. Zviri pachena kuti munhu wacho mamorekuru zvinoshanda, sokutadza kuti tsananguro wegadziriro zvarwo, chimiro chayo (kusiyana netsika avo, ayo akashandiswa electrodynamics Somuenzaniso).

Wethermodynamics - bazi wefizikisi kuti anewo mitemo yayo. Ivo, sevamwe vari mukuru zvakasikwa. Dzinenge Mashoko sechivako kuonana zvinhu yakasanangurwa vachange vasina chinokosha kukanganisa chimiro mitemo. Ndokusaka vanoti bazi iri wefizikisi ndechimwe chezvinhu anobatsira (kana, pane, zvinobudirira kushanda) mune zvesainzi.

kunyoresa

Yokuverenga mienzaniso zvinogona refu chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, mhinduro dzakawanda kwakavakirwa mitemo thermodynamic anogona kuwanikwa mumunda kupisa michina kana magetsi. Chii chaungaita iwe unoti pamusoro tsananguro uye kunzwisisa nemakemikari, danho kuchinja uye zvifambiso zvakavapo. Mune dzimwe nzira, ivo wethermodynamics kuti "vaidyidzana" pamwe quantum simba. Makuriro kunyorerana - rondedzero Chiitiko pakati makomba vatema.

mitemo

The mufananidzo pamusoro unoratidza musimboti munhu thermodynamic pezvakaitwa - convection. Warm fuma akaturikidzana vanomutswa, kutonhora - kuburuka.

Alternative rokuremekedza mitemo, izvo, sezvinei, haruna kushandiswa muenzaniso kakawanda ndiwo mutemo wethermodynamics. To musi, vanoziva (pamwe chete "razero" kana "vanhuwo") vatatu. Asi tisati nezvazvo kuti inosanganisira zvose mitemo, tinoedza kupindura mubvunzo chii mutemo wethermodynamics.

Ivo seti zvimwe postulates izvo zvinoumba hwaro kunzwisisa pezvakaitwa zvichiitika macrosystems. Zvatinopiwa mitemo wethermodynamics dzakatangwa empirically sezvo rose munhevedzano kuedza uye tsvakurudzo. Saka, pane uchapupu, zvichiita kuti kutora postulates wokurera pasina rimwe mubvunzo kuti kwavo kururama.

Vamwe vanhu vanoshamisika pamusoro nei wethermodynamics vanoda mitemo iyi chaizvo. Zvakanaka, tinogona kutaura kuti aifanira kuzvishandisa nokuti kuti chikamu ichi wefizikisi pakati macroscopic parameters vanotsanangurwa zvavo nemashoko asina kuchiratidza kudzokorora yavo nemaziso hunhu kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakafanana. Nzvimbo iyi haisi wethermodynamics uye Statistical wefizikisi ane, kana isu kutaura zvakananga. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti mitemo wethermodynamics Hazvirevi mumwe. Ndicho chimwe rechipiri goho hakushandi.

kunyoresa

Kushandiswa wethermodynamics, sezvo akataura kare, munzira dzakawanda. Hwaro ndechokuti, sezvinei, mumwe zvarinotaura, icho zvichishandurwa zvakasiyana muchimiro mutemo kuchengetedza simba. Thermodynamic mhinduro uye postulates zvave vakabudirira chinozoiswa mumaindasitiri dzakadai simba indasitiri, biomedicine, kemisitiri. Muno chaivo simba rinoshandiswa yose mutemo kuchengetedza simba uye mutemo fungidziro uye mirayiridzo thermodynamic muitiro. Kunze izvi, pane vatatu rakajairika pfungwa dzinotsigirwa ose basa rayo tsananguro. , Ichi thermodynamic hurongwa kwacho uye muitiro danho.

pezvakaitwa

Pezvakaitwa mu wethermodynamics vane kunosiyana inosiyana kunzwisisa. Izvo pane vanomwe. Kazhinji, pasi muitiro panyaya dzakadaro harifaniri kunzwisiswa kuti vamwe pane kuchinja mamiriro macroscopic umo hurongwa chaitwa ambotaurwa. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti musiyano pakati chezita pakutanga uye kuguma zvinogona kunyora nezvavo.

Kana musiyano iri kamwoyo, ipapo muitiro harina tinogona kwazvo kunzi zvokutanga. Kana tiri kuenda kukurukura pezvakaitwa zvine kushandisa kutaura mamwe mashoko. Mumwe wavo - a "kushanda Urume". Ndichishanda Urume iri hurongwa iyo uriko kana kupfuura chafariz muitiro.

Related pezvakaitwa akakamurwa zvakanyatsoenzana uye asiri zvakanyatsoenzana. Pane zvakaitika yokupedzisira, vose inoti iyo zvinofanira kupfuura munhu thermodynamic hurongwa vari ukuwo, vasiri zvakanyatsoenzana. Kazhinji shanduko rinoti riri izvi zviitiko nokukurumidza. Asi zvakanyatsoenzana pezvakaitwa dzakafanana quasi-kunofambira mberi. In kuchinja aya ane hurongwa zvikuru nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva.

Thermal pezvakaitwa zvichiitika thermodynamic gadziriro, vangava reversible kana kusingarapiki. Kuti tinzwisise chaizvoizvo, isu Wakapamura yayo pasi Workflow yakatarwa zvikamu. Kana isu kuita zvakafanana kwacho negwara pamwe "nhepfenyuro zvenguva" chete, rinogona kunzi reversible. Zvikasadaro, kuti hazvina kushanda.