"Zita Rose" Umberto RUGWARO: pfupiso. "Zita Rose": huru vatambi, chikuru zviitiko

Il Nome della Rosa ( «Name of Rose") - bhuku akava debut mu muzvinadzidzo mabhuku paUniversity Bologna semiotics Umberto Eco. nganonyorwa First yakabudiswa muna nemapfumbamwe nemakumi masere gore mumutauro wepakutanga (Italian). basa Next ari munyori, "Foucault kuti zvakavamba kuchinja", aiva zvishoma kubudirira uye zvakanakisisa-kutengesa munyori pakupedzisira kuziviswa kuti nyika mabhuku makuru. Asi munyaya ino tichaita retell pepfupikiso "Zita Rose." Pane shanduro mbiri kwakabva zita yokufungidzira. Wezvenhau Umberto Eco zvinoreva Nguva nominalists kukakavadzana realists, uyo nharo pamusoro chii vachasara muzita ruva, kana ruva kuchapera. Asi sezvo yokufungidzira kuti rokuremekedza zvinotsigirana nezviri rudo nyaya mutsetse. Afirwa mudiwa wake, Adson gamba havatombozivi kuchema pamusoro wake zita, nokuti haazivi.

Roman- "matryoshka"

Zvinobikwa "Zita Rose" - kunzwisisa chaizvo uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Munyori okusuma anoisa muverengi mukana kuti zvose zvaakanga averenga mubhuku rino achava kare chitsotsi. To mumwe mushanduri kuwana "baba Notes Melk Adson" muPrague muna 1968. Iri ndiro bhuku rechiFrench, yakabudiswa nepakati namapfumbamwe remakore. Asi ndiko kududzirwa of echiLatin nemanomwe remakore, izvo zvinozoita ndiyo bhuku zvinyorwa kuguma remakore namana. Unoratidza akasika mumongi pamusoro Melk. Historical tsvakurudzo pamusoro unhu Ages munyori anoti, sezvo vanyori nemanomwe uye nepfumbamwe emakore, ikasabereka zvabuda. Saka munyori yokufungidzira akarova muzviruva wake basa rinokosha munhau pfupiso. "Zita Rose" rakazara rakanyorwawo zvikanganiso. Uye nokuti, mumwe yokufungidzira kutsoropodza zvedzidzo dzekare. Asi chii zviitiko tinofanira kuziva kuti kunzwisisa nezvehukorokodzwa rangano?

Nhoroondo mashandisirwo umo Zvakaitwa yokufungidzira (pfupiso)

"Zita Rose" rinoreva mwedzi November chimwe namazana matatu namakumi maviri namanomwe. Nepo Western Europe uchizuzwa nemututu vechitendero kukakavara. Yemisangano Curia ari "Avignon pakutapwa" pasi chitsitsinho ramambo French. Johani Twenty-wechipiri unorwa pamusoro fronts maviri. Kudivi rimwe, iye anodzivisa Mutsvene Roman Emperor Louis ari Wechina Bavaria, uye pane dzimwe - yave achirwisa vashumiri Church yavo. Frantsisk Assizsky, chakaratidza kutanga yemamongi Order of Friars Minor, akamira kuti muurombo. Akadana kusiya pfuma yenyika kutevera Kristu. Pakafa Francis makazara rwokuramba yemisangano curia akasarudza kutumira vadzidzi vake uye vateveri kumonasitiri masvingo. Zvakaita zvaparadzanisa iri panhengo nhengo Order. Akamira kubva Franciscan Spirituals, uyo akaramba amire pamusoro nzvimbo yevaapostora urombo. The Pope akataura navo vatsauki, uye vakatanga crackdown. Mambo akatora mukana nayo wake investiture gakava, uye vakatsigira Spirituals. Saka, vanova enyika chinokosha simba. Somugumisiro, mapato vakabvumirana kutaurirana. Anotsigirwa mambo Franciscan nhume uye vamiririri papa vaifanira kusangana Asina munyori wemamongi pamusoro kumiganhu savoy, Piedmont uye Liguria. In shure ichi uye pachena chikuru zviitiko yokufungidzira. Yeuka kuti nhaurirano pamusoro urombo Kristu uye Church wake chete chidzitiro shure izvo vanovanda akaoma enyika chivande.

nhoroondo Detective

Erudite muverengi kuchaita vabate Eco itsva pamwe Nyaya Conan Doyle. Nokuti ichi zvakakwana kuziva pfupiso ake. "Zita Rose," rinowanika kwatiri sezvo anonyatsoona Adson. Zvadaro pakarepo anouya tsigiro pamusoro Dr. Watson, uyo akarondedzera zvakadzama kuferefeta yeshamwari yake Sherlock Holmes. Chokwadi, magamba maviri yokufungidzira ndivo mamongi. Wilhelm Baskervilsky, duku yamadzibaba izvo zvinoita kuti kuyeuka nyaya Conan Doyle pamusoro kwakavanzika imbwa pamusoro Heath, aiva Benedictine wemamongi pachinzvimbo mambo kugadzirira musangano vamiririri Spirituals ari papa curia. Asi pavanenge vangorinzwa vari ruzivo Melk Adson akasvika wemamongi, sezvo zviitiko zvakatanga kuitika nokukurumidza kuitira kuti vakatakura gakava iri nhau urombo uye Chechi vapositori necheseri. The nganonyorwa yakaitika nguva vhiki imwe. umhondi wanda vanotevera mumwe pashure pomumwe, nguva dzose chengeta muverengi muchizvidya. Find mhaka zvose dzetsaona izvi zvinokonzerwa Wilhelm, mumwe Wenyika, kwakajeka webhaibheri uye, sezvinoratidzwa nhaurirano yake Bernard Guy, aimbova Inquisitor. "Zita Rose" - bhuku iri Genre kuti mutikitivha yokufungidzira.

Somumiririri anova dzendege

The Benedictine wemamongi, kwaakanga aifanira kuva musangano nenhume mbiri, Franciscan William pakati Baskerville uye ruzivo Melk Adson vanosvika mazuva mashomanana asati pakutanga gakava. Mumashoko aro Ichokwadi mapato vaifanira kutaura nharo dzavo pamusoro urombo yeChechi somutsivi Kristu uye kurukura mukana pakasvika General Mikhail Spirituals Tsezenskogo muna Avignon kune papa choushe. Asi ava kusvika pamagedhi wemamongi, vanonyanya kutaurwa kusangana mamongi, akamhanya kundotsvaka kutiza hachi. Pano Wilhelm zvakashamisa munhu wose "nzira deductive" ake (imwe tsigiro Umberto Eco Conan Doyle), kutsanangura bhiza uye achinongedza nzvimbo mhuka. Abbot, Abbon, akatema Franciscan pfungwa yakadzika, achimukumbira kuti vabate nyaya vatorwa rufu, izvo zvakaitika mukati mamasvingo wemamongi. Pazasi kuruware Adelma muviri yakawanikwa. Zvaiita sokunge akabvisa nepahwindo yakarembera pamusoro rakadzikadzika neshongwe, yainzi Chivako. Abbon zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika kuti anoziva chinhu pamusoro ezvinhu rufu painter Adelma, asi kunosanganisira mhiko pachivande zviri confessional. Asi anobvumira William kuongorora uye bvunzurudza vese mamongi kuziva muurayi.

Chivako

Abbon kubvumira dzendege kuongorora zvikamu zvose wemamongi, kunze raibhurari. It rwaigara wechitatu, pamusoro uriri Chivako - hofori shongwe. The raibhurari yakanga kubwinya ukapisa murwi pakukura Europe. Rakanga rakavakwa somunhu labyrinth. Access chakanga chete raibhurari Malachi wake mubatsiri Berengar. Second uriri Chivako rwaigara scriptorium, apo vaishanda Vaikopa uye mifananidzo, rimwe raiva mukupera Adelmo. Ndapedza deductive pachisara Wilhelm akasvika pakugumisa kuti hapana akanga auraya painter, asi akakwakuka kure masvingo akakwirira wemamongi, uye muviri wake akabatwa kumasvingo mutembere mhoromhokwa. Asi ichi hachisi kuguma yokufungidzira yayo pfupiso. "Zita Rose" anochengeta muverengi tichinoona makakatanwa. mumwe chitunha akawanikwa mangwana. Kumutumidza kuzviuraya rakanga zvakaoma: muviri mutsigiri dzidziso dzaAristotle Venanzio muchibudisira pakati Upfu yenguruve ropa (Christmas anouya, uye mamongi vakauraya mombe kuti pagadzirwe Sausages). Akauraya vakamboshanda ari scriptorium. Zvino akaita Wilhelm kupa mukuru nezvouprofita chisinganzwisisike raibhurari. The chirahwe of labyrinth vakava kurifarira mushure zvingakusembura naMaraki. He-chete handedly kusarudza kupa vachikumbira wake bhuku mumongi, kureva chokwadi chokuti dzigare mairi ine yakawanda chechihedheni uye vemanyepo manyoro.

scriptorium

Zvisiri vakabvuma kuraibhurari, iyo ichava pakati chokurondedzera zvarongwa yokufungidzira "Zita Rose", vatambi William uye Adson vanopedza nguva yakawanda ari pasi Chivako wechipiri. Kutaura jaya munyori Benz, iri dzendege anowana kuti ari scriptorium vanyerere, asi, zvakadaro, dzinotyisa vaishora mumwe maviri. Young mamongi Vanogara vakagadzirira kuseka, asi mukuru mamongi vanoti mafaro isingagamuchiriki chivi. Mutungamiri webato iri bofu mumongi Jorge slyvuschego San Giusto. Akanga akawandirwa tarisiro chemagumo yokusvika kwaAntikristu uye kuguma kwenguva. Asi draftsman Adelmo saka vanoratidzwa nounyanzvi mhuka kusetsa bestiary kuti mamwe masoja ake vaisagona kuchengeta kubva kuseka. Benz achiderera kuti mazuva maviri asati afa illustrator tacit kunetsana munyika scriptorium kukava hondo mashoko. Waiva mubvunzo pamusoro admissibility chifananidzo anosetsa edzidziso magwaro. Umberto Eco anoshandisa hurukuro iyi kugadzirisa chakavanzika: Bhuku raibhurari kuti aigona kugadzirisa nharo vachida vatsigiri mafaro. Berenguer blurted kuti kuvapo basa, rave chokuita nemashoko okuti "kunze Africa".

Related kufa por musoro shinda

"Zita Rose" - a postmodern yokufungidzira. Rakanyorwa muchimiro William Baskervilskogo usingaoneki Parody pamusoro Sherlock Holmes. Asi, kusiyana London epachivande, Ages dzendege haana varambe vachifambirana zviitiko. Haagoni kudzivisa utsotsi, uye umhondi kutevera mumwe nomumwe. Uye ichi tinoona zvechokwadi "Gumi Little maIndia" by Agatha Christie. Asi anouraya izvi zvose, imwe nzira kana imwe nechokuita chisinganzwisisike bhuku. William Dzidza More Adelma kuzviuraya. Berengar akamugombedzera sodomitskoy pakukurukurirana, achivimbisa kuti basa mhando ichi aigona kuita somunhu mubatsiri raibhurari. Asi painter vasingagoni kumira kukomba kwechivi uye kureurura rwakatambanudzwa. Uye nokuti confessor akanga akatsunga Jorge, Adelmo vaisagona kuderedza mweya, uye Vapererwa, akatora upenyu hwake. Bvunzurudza Berengar haana kushanda: iye akanyangarika. Achinzwa kuti zvose zviitiko zviri scriptorium chokuita bhuku, Wilhelm dawo Adson usiku mudzimba, achiedza pevhu ndima, izvo vakadzidza podsmotrev kuti mubatsiri raibhurari. Asi raibhurari yakanga yakaoma inovhiringidza. Heroes chete vakawana nzira yokubuda, akaona mugumisiro yamarudzi ose misungo: .. Magirazi, nezhenje pamwe nedoro kuziva ramafuta, etc. ari Lost Berengar akawanikwa akafa ari kugeza. Yemamongi chiremba Severin anoratidza Wilhelm vatorwa mavanga matema paminwe yake uye rurimi yemufi. Chete akawanikwa ambotaurwa mune Venanzio. Severin akatiwo akanga arasa dende uturu chaizvo fuma.

makuru zvematongerwo enyika

Nokusvika kusvikira wemamongi vaviri nenhume vari zvakafanana pamwe mutikitivha kachitanga uye "enyika" zvarongwa mutsetse rinonzi "The zita Rose". The nganonyorwa izere munhoroondo zvaunokanganisa. Saka inquisitor Bernard Guy, akasvika pamusoro nedzenyu basa, anotanga kuongorora kwete vemanyepo zvikanganiso, uye mhosva mhosva - umhondi masvingo wemamongi. munyori yokufungidzira plunges muverengi kupinda vicissitudes redzidziso kukakavadzana. Zvichakadaro Wilhelm pamwe Adson wechipiri kupinda kuraibhurari uye kudzidza chirongwa inovhiringidza. Vaiva, "mhiri Africa" - zvakasimba rakanyatsozarirwa zvakavanzika kamuri. Zvichakadai, Bernard Guy kukodzera pachake, kutonga nezvinoonekwa zvenhoroondo dzekare, nzira rokupinza kuponda. Akasungwa uye akapomerwa uroyi Chiremba mubatsiri, aichimbova dolchinianina Balthazar uye mupemhi-musikana vaiuya wemamongi kutengesa miviri yavo nokuda scraps kubva refectory. Scientific gakava pakati vamiririri curia uye Spirituals anova kurwa zvenhando. Asi munyori yokufungidzira anotora muverengi shure kubva ndege wezvechitendero inonakidza Detective Genre.

umhondi chombo

Apo William waitarira kurwa, ndikasvika Severin. Akashuma kuti akanga awana mubhuku rake rinonzi muchipatara wavatorwa. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi ndizvo chete kuti akatonga Berengar raibhurari sezvo muviri wake akawanikwa mudziva pedyo kuchipatara. Asi Wilhelm haagoni kusiya, uye mushure menguva zvose zvinoshamisa nhau rufu chiremba. Severin kuti dehenya akanga akatyoka, uye mhosva chiitiko akabatwa cellarer Remi. Iye anoti awana chiremba atofa. Asi Benz, chaizvo anokurumidza witted wechiduku mumongi akati kuna William kuti wakamhanya kuchipatara kutanga, uye ipapo vakatevera nhengo. Aiva nechivimbo chokuti raibhurari Maraki akanga pano uye kumwe kuvanzarika, uye ipapo hwakakanyiwa vazhinji. Achiziva kuti chiremba muurayi haasati vakakwanisa kuita bhuku, vakamira pano Berengar, William anotarira vose kemabhuku vari varwere. Asi iye Hakutarisi chokwadi kuti magwaro akawanda zvinyorwa zvinogona stapled mubhuku rimwe chete. Naizvozvo, bhuku zapoluchaet zvikuru tsanzira Benz. The nganonyorwa "Zita Rose 'vaverengi' ongororo pasina kunzi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo. Zvarongwa anotora muverengi shure guru negwaro ndege. Zvakaratidza kuti Bernard Guy akauya wemamongi pamwe chakavanzika chinangwa kuvhiringidza hurukuro. Kuti aite izvi, aishandisa zvaitika akagara kuponda. Ari kupomerwa mhosva aimbova dolchinianina, nharo kuti wakapatsanura Balthazar vemanyepo maonero Spirituals. Nokudaro, uye vose zvavo chikamu mhosva.

Nekugadzirisa chakavanzika chinoshamisa bhuku uye tambo paumhondi

Benz yakapiwa kuti Maraki, kunyange pasina rokuizarura, sezvo akanga akabayira pambiru mubatsiri raibhurari. Zvino akaponesa upenyu hwake. Sezvo mapeji ebhuku kunge akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya muchetura. Rawo Runonzwika pachayo uye Maraki - akafa kurwadziwa chete panguva kuMisa. Rurimi uye nyore akanga dema. Asi pano Abbon akadana William uye zvakasimba anozivisa kuti anofanira kusiya yokugara mangwana. The abbot nechokwadi kuti umhondi yaiva nyaya yakawanda pakati muzhelozhtsami. Asi Franciscan friar dzendege hakuzofadzi mapfumo. Handiti, akanga auya pedyo kugadzirisa dambanemazwi. Iye wafungidzira kiyi anovhura kamuri "kunze Africa". Pazuva rechitanhatu usiku wake kugara pa wemamongi pamwe Wilhelm Adson zvakare kupinda munzvimbo raibhurari. "Zita Rose" - a yokufungidzira Umberto RUGWARO, ane nyaya iri kuyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvo rwizi akanyarara, zviri kukura nokukurumidza somunhu thriller. Pakavanda kamuri kukokwa vaenzi kare vakamirira Jorge bofu. Mubhuku iroro maoko ake - akarasa chete kopi basa "Kuseka," Aristotle, chikamu "Poetics" wechipiri. Izvi "wachena mufundisi" uyo akaramba pasi zvose, kusanganisira abbot, apo vachiri kuona yanyatisa mapeji ebhuku akavenga muchetura, saka hapana anogona kuiverenga. Aristotle akanakidzwa kuremekedza kukuru pakati veshoko kuMiddle Ages. Jorge aitya kuti kana kuseka achapiwa kupupurirwa ane simba, ipapo yose yezvinhu ruchakoromoka tsika dzayo, izvo akaona chete muKristu. Nokuti izvi rakazvinyengera mumusungo uye ibwe abbot akaputsa mashandiro inokinura mukova. Blind Monk rinopa Wilhelm kuverenga bhuku. Asi pashure kudzidza kuti anoziva chakavanzika chepfu-yanyatisa machira, iye pachake anotanga yokufungisisa machira. William anoedza kutora kubva mubhuku yekare, asi mumwe zvakakwana anotungamirirwa kuburikidza inovhiringidza kutiza. Zvino pezvinenge, kudhonza kunze rambi ndokuriposhera mukati mechidziro emabhuku. Akateura mafuta pakarepo chinofukidza magwaro ematebwe moto. Wilhelm pamwe Adson inoshamisa kuponeswa kubva mumoto. Chivako murazvo kubva rurege kune dzimwe dzimba. Mazuva matatu gare gare, musi nzvimbo vakapfuma wemamongi vari chete kuputa ungwandangwanda.

Pane imwe yetsika iri postmodern rondedzero?

Humor, nemadimikira uye anotaura mamwe mabasa mabhuku, mutikitivha nyaya, seari pamusoro nhoroondo yacho mangwanani namana remakore - kuti hazvina ose "Chips" kuti anyengedzera muverengi "Zita Rose." Analysis zvibereko izvi zvinoita kutonga kuti chepanyika kunakidza zvakavanzika zvahunoreva. The protagonist haasi William weCanterbury, uye zvechokwadi asina mwero Adson munyori manotsi. Shoko iri, riri kuedza kuziva mugove tisave nevamwe. Dambudziko rusununguko chomukati amutswa nomunyori uye achangobva reinvented. Kaleidoscope prices mabasa vakakurumbira yokufungidzira hazvirevi chete kuti erudite muverengi achinyemwerera. Asi pamwe witty syllogisms, tinosangana uye inoshandiswa pakutsigira nyaya kuwedzera inokosha. Pfungwa iyi wokubvumira, kugona kuremekedza nokudenga nyika mumwe munhu. Nyaya rusununguko rwokutaura, chokwadi kuti inoda 'kuziviswa pamatenga "anodzivisa mharidzo yake mhosva sezvo chokupedzisira, kuti kuedza kumanikidza ayo pfungwa harisi kutendiswa, asi simba. Panguva apo utsinye igil kuzivisa European tsika saregerereka manyepo, yokufungidzira ichi sokuti zvakatonyanya akakodzera.

"Notes on" Zita Rose "minda"

Pashure racho yokufungidzira panyaya kwemwedzi akava Bestseller. Vaverengi nyore yakafukidza nemunyori "Zita Rose" tsamba mibvunzo pamusoro bhuku. Saka, muna nemapfumbamwe gore Umberto Eco-rechitatu masere akabvuma achiri kuziva yake "rokusika rabhoritari". "Notes on" Zita Rose "minda" zvakanyorwa witty uye kunakidza. In pavo munyori Bestseller pachena zvakavanzika rakabudirira yokufungidzira. Makore matanhatu pashure kusunungurwa yokufungidzira muchiedza "Zita Rose" akatora firimu. Director Jean-Zhak Anno munyaya kupfura yakakurumbira vatambi. Shon Konneri nounyanzvi airidza basa William Baskervilskogo. Young, asi chaizvo unyanzvi mutambi Kristian Sleyter ikava Adson. Firimu raiva rakabudirira guru panguva bhokisi kuhofisi, akaruramiswa mari inenge yashandiswa mariri, uye akahwina dzakawanda mibayiro pa kinokonkursah. Asi akatsamwa kwazvo Eco kwadzakabva izvi. Aidavira kuti munyori Ichokwadi nyore chigadzirwa chayo, kuiita chigadzirwa nevazhinji tsika. Kubvira ipapo, waramba zvose vatungamiriri, uyo akabvunza nezvomukana kuti firimu basa rake.