Zvitendero Yekare India yekare (zvishoma)

India - inyika ine chairwo, zvikuru dzinonakidza tsika uye yayo zvitendero yepakutanga. Kunenge kuti mune mumwe nyika - kunze zvichida kuti muIjipiti yekare uye Greece - pane ngano zhinji kudaro uye nyaya magwaro. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kweItari iyi yakatangira vanhu. Vamwe vanoti kuti nyika ino - mumwe chikuru venhaka tsika Aryan avanhu vaiuya pano kuvakafa Arctis. Zvitendero Ancient yekare India - Vedism - Papera tinoshandurirwa ChiHindu ariko nhasi.

History of India mu pfupi

Rizare yekare reIndia marudzi vakabva kunovhima uye aunganidze akagadzikana kurima vanenge 6-7 zviuru. BC. e. Pakazopera 3 zviuru. Munzvimbo idzi pane kare zvikuru dzakabudirira tsika dzomumaguta-mhando yawo. rinonzi "Harappan" nyanzvi ano. Budiriro iyi yakatora vanenge chemakore. Munguva yekare Indian maguta Harappan yakagadzirwa zvakanaka raanoziva uye paiva nevapfumi vatengesi. Chii chakaipa netsika iyi - harizivikanwi. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kuti pakanga pamwero mukuru njodzi, nepo vamwe vanodavira kuti vapfumi maguta iyi, nokuti chero chikonzero, akangoti akaenda kusauka uye vakanga vasiya.

Zvadaro, muna India kwenguva refu nguva yaitongwa imba youmambo vaMuslim. Muna 1526, nzvimbo idzi yakakunda Khan Babur, pashure iyo India yakava chikamu guru pakati Mughals. Chabvisa mamiriro akanga chete muna 1858 maererano British colonialists.

History of chitendero

Kwemazana emakore, nyika ino nguva vakatevera mumwe:

• Vedic chitendero of India yekare.
• ChiHindu. To musi, chitendero ichi koshesa kuIndia. Vateveri varo inopfuura 80% vemo.
• ChiBuddha. Mazuvano kureurura vemo.

mangwanani zvinotendwa

Vedism - chitendero mukuru India yekare. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti iye akaonekwa nyika ino imwe nguva pashure kunyangarika guru pavapenyu rekare wehurumende - Arctis. Chokwadi, ichi hachisi pamutemo shanduro, asi zvechokwadi anonakidza uye rinotsanangura chaizvo. Maererano pfungwa iyi, kare nezvikonzero isingazivikanwi, akaita haachatauri akabatana pasi. Somugumisiro, zvachinja chaizvo. In Arctida iri kana panguva North Pole, kana mune ano polar Continental nharaunda kwaitonhora chaizvo. Naizvozvo, vaigara CARCHI yake vaimanikidzwa tama kurutivi neequator. Vamwe vavo vakaenda Middle uye Yuzhnyy Ural, akavaka guta pano Observatory, uye ipapo - kuMiddle East. Chimwe chikamu vayambuka dzekuma Scandinavia uye ari Valdai Hills. In paumbwe Indian nemagariro uye chitendero vakapinda bazi wechitatu, iyo yakasvika Southeast Asia uye gare gare hwakakanyiwa zvemo vagari vomunzvimbo idzi - Dravidians.

The pfungwa

Kutaura zvazviri, Vedism - chitendero mukuru India yekare - ndiko kuchava kutanga kwekupwanyiwa ChiHindu. It haina rinoparadzirwa zvose pamusoro nyika, asi chete muchidimbu - muna Uttar uye East Punjab. Maererano pamutemo shanduro, zviri pano uye Vedism akaberekwa. Vanotsigira chitendero ichi chakanga dzinoratidzwa deification yose zvakasikwa rose uye nhengo dzayo uye vamwe munzanga mananara. A akanyatsorongwa pachena vanamwari Vedism hakuna. Nyika rikakamurwa huru zvikamu zvitatu - pasi, denga zvenguva dzose - antarizhnu (enzanisa kune necheSalvic chokwadi, Navyu uye kurudyi). Mumwe nomumwe nyika idzi kusangana zvimwe vamwari. Unoremekedzwa uye huru musiki - Purusha.

Veda

Ndizvo chitendero mukuru India yekare, isu muchidimbu kutaura nemi. Next, ngationei kubata chii vedas - rugwaro yayo inokosha.

Panguva iyoyo, bhuku rino iri imwe mukuru mabasa matsvene. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kwezviuru zvemakore kuti vedas vakanga wakapiwa chete nomuromo - kubva mudzidzisi mudzidzi. Vanenge zviuru zvishanu apfuura, somuzivi Vyasadeva akanyora navo. Bhuku rino, iro zvino chaizvoizvo tendai vedas, iri muzvikamu zvina (Turia) - "Rig Veda", "Ayakashino", "Yajur Veda" uye "Atharva Veda".

Rine basa mantras uye nziyo, zvakanyorwa mundima uye vashandi kutungamirirwa vapristi Indian (mitemo michato, mariro uye mimwe mitambo). Uyewo ine nezvitsinga nokuti kurapwa kwevanhu uye kuita zvose zvemarudzi zvemashiripiti tsika. Mythology nechitendero India yekare zvinesungano akatibvunzisisa. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kune vedas, ivo Puranas vari. Ivo tsanangura nhoroondo pakasikwa zvinhu zvose, uye mazita Indian madzimambo magamba.

The kwaita wechiHindu zvinodavirwa

Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko chitendero mukuru India yekare - Vedism - tinoshandurirwa ChiHindu ano. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira, pachena, kunyanya kune zvishoma nezvishoma nokusimbaradza kufurirwa pamusoro voruzhinji upenyu Brahmin vanhu vakaderera. The yoku- chitendero anovamba akanyatsorongwa pachena vanamwari. Musiki anouya yakatsviriridza. Pane vatatu - Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. Brahma kuridza basa nomusiki evanhu mitemo uye zvikurukuru initiator weboka vanhu kupinda vemapoka. Vishnu unonamatwa sezvo mukuru mudziviriri uye Shiva - mwari-zvakadai nemuparadzi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, muna chiHindu pane nzira mbiri. Vaishnavism inoti sere anoburukira Vishnu panyika. Mumwe vomukombiyuta panguva imwe chete riri kuonekwa Krishna, mumwe - Buddha. The vamiririri wechipiri kuitika - kunamatwa Shiva - zvikurukuru vairemekedza mwari kuparadza, kufunga panguva iyo vaichengetedza chokubereka uye mombe.

Basa chikuru chitendero Hindu akatanga kuridza kuIndia nokuda Middle Ages. Sezvo vakadaro anoramba kusvikira nhasi. The vamiririri chitendero ichi vanodavira kuti iwe haugoni kuva muHindu. Inogona chete kuberekwa. Ndizvo Varna (evanhu basa munhu) - iri chii anopiwa uye kufanoziviswa kubudikidza vamwari, uye saka haagoni kuchinjwa.

The magariro erudzi varnasrama-dharna

Saka, chimwe chitendero wekare India yekare - chiHindu, akava mugari wenhaka tsika zhinji uye tsika yapfuura zvavanodavira. Kunyanya, weboka Indian vanhu kupinda vemapoka akasimuka mumazuva Vedism. Kuwedzera evanhu mapoka mana (Brahmins, kshtarii, vaisyas uye Sudras), maererano chitendero ichi, pane mitemo mina upenyu hwomudzimu. Stage kudzidza chinonzi Brahmacharya, magariro uye mhuri upenyu - Grhastha, tevera-up kutarisirwa kubva zvisingakoshi - Vanaprastha uye mukunopera yeupenyu wokupedzisira kuvhenekerwa - Sannyas.

Ani naani akasika varnasrama-dharna, akadaro nzira akarayira youpenyu hwaponeswa munyika saka kure. Chero nyika, pane vapristi (Brahmins), vakuru vemauto (kshtarii), vanamuzvinabhizimisi (vaisyas) uye vashandi (Sudras). Kupesana uku kunoita kuti kuronga nokusika pasocial upenyu vanhu vakawanda akanaka ezvinhu okurarama vaine mukana kutanga uye kuvandudza.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuIndia varnashrama dharna kuti nguva yedu dzakaora zvikuru. The vanachandagwinyira nokupesana mukati vemapoka (uye zvichienderana kuberekwa), riri pano nhasi, zvinopesana pfungwa dzidziso kudiwa yomunhu kukura pakunamata.

Chitendero Ancient India zvishoma: kuti chidzoke chiBuddha

Ichi chimwe chakajairika chaizvo kudavira Peninsula. ChiBhudha - chimwe chezvinhu kujairika munyika nechitendero. Chokwadi kuti, mukusiyana kuti chiKristu chete, muvambi dzeboka - ndiko kare unhu. The musiki ichi panguva zvakajairika mazuva dzidziso (uye kwete chete muna India) Sidgartha Shanyamuni akaberekwa muna 563 muguta Lumbene mhuri kshtariya. Zvikazikamwa sezvo Buddha mushure kuenzana kuvhenekerwa pazera makore 40.

Religion uye muuzivi India yekare vagara vafunga mwari, kwete mhosva kana miluyuschuyu simba, uye sezvo munhu anoyemurika, rudzi "bhikoni" kuzvidzora. ChiBhudha ari zvachose vakasiya pfungwa pakusikwa kwenyika nechinhu Musiki. The adepts chitendero ichi vanodavira kuti munhu anogona kuvimba chete kwangu pachangu, kutambura hauna akatuma kwaari kubva kumusoro, uye ndiwo mugumisiro nezvikanganiso zvake uye nekusagona ugone zvido zvenyika. Zvisinei, sezvo vakakurukura pamusoro kwokutanga zvitendero Indian, chiBhudha rine pfungwa ruponeso, ndiko kuti, vanobudirira Nirvana.

Kudyidzana netsika Western

Nokuti vokuEurope, tsika uye chitendero reIndia yekare kwenguva refu nguva yakaramba isingazivikanwi. Kutanga kukurukurirana maviri aya nyika dzakasiyana chaizvo wakaradzikwa chete mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. mupiro yavo chinokosha muitiro uyu akataurwa vakakurumbira vakadai Helena Blavatsky, Nicholas uye Elena Rerihi, uye vamwe.

Nhasi zvinonzi kuzivikanwa mumwe Vanga zvichaitika musi India. The akakurumbira muprofitakadzi vaidavira kuti nokukurumidza nyika vachadzoka dzidziso akawanda ekare. Uye totaura chete kubva kuIndia. About iye kunyora mabhuku matsva, uye akaipetenura pose.

Ndiani anoziva, zvichida hwaro ramangwana zvitsva zvitendero zvechokwadi kuva chitendero wekare India. "Moto Bhaibheri," inofanotaura Wang, "chete chena ruvara kudzivirirwa Pasi," kuitira kuti vanhu achaponeswa. Zvimwe iri kunyange pamusoro yakakurumbira basa rakanyorwa Roerichs - Agni Yoga. "Agni" rinoshandurwa rinoreva "moto".

Culture Ancient India

Religion uye tsika India yekare - the chiri kufanana. Otherworldly usingaonekwi nyika wavamwari uri dzinenge nguva dzose aripo mabasa Indian vemifananidzo, vavezi vemabwe uye kunyange ezvivako. Kunyange munguva yedu mune rimwe nerimwe tenzi wayo chigadzirwa tinowanzozvienzanisa kugutsikana zvakadzama, mumwe chiratidzo chokwadi yomukati, tisingatauri mhizha yekare.

Zvinosuruvarisa yekare Indian mifananidzo uye Pamifananidzo yakasvika isu zvishomanana. Asi munyika ino pane akawandisa zvivezwa yekare chenhau kukosha uye mapurani sezvivako. Kuti chete kune Somuenzaniso, huru Ellorskie mapako vane kwazvo netemberi Kailasa pakati. Pano unogona kuona mi- mifananidzo naMwari Trimurti Brahma-Vishnu-Shiva.

Saka, isu tichati edza chii chitendero kupfuura yekare India yekare - ndiye Vedism. It yakabuda Papera ChiHindu uye chiBhudha ayo kukura uye kuenderera. zvitendero vechitendero India yaiva zvazvinoita kwete chete tsika asiwo upenyu munzanga zvavo. Munguva yedu, nyika iyi ichiri zvemariro zvinofadza, akasiyana, yepakutanga uye kusafanana nedzimwe nyika ipi zvayo.