Cell muviri uye kukura. Nzira dzekufambisa muchitokisi kudya

Maererano mangwanani tsvakurudzo mune utano, shoko rokuti "sero zvokudya" kunoonekwa chinyakare mupfungwa. Rakati kuti upone. Mol, kurarama ari zvakakodzera shoma kwazvo muviri kuti vanofanira kuva varipo vari kudya kuitira kudzivirira chimiro externally zvinoonekwa kana pachena mhosva mamiriro. Munyika yanhasi, nemhaka michina yemhando yepamusoro uye anokwanisa kuona mukati mumuviri, unogona kuona kuti zvinovaka muviri kupinda muchitokisi, chii nemamwe maitiro zviri kuitika ipapo. Zvakakosha kuti maonero matsva aya anobatsira kutsanangura nei kushaya chinokosha zvokudya zvinoriumba kunogona yakaderera simba, kukurumidza kuchembera kana chirwere.

Chii foni?

Masero - ndiyo inokosha chairema upenyu, kubva izvo zvose munyama uye nhengo. Izvi zviduku zvinoriumba vari akaramba vakaita nemumwe semhinduro siyana anonongedzera. Nutrition masero omuviri kunokosha, nekuti kana kushanda kwavo rirege kupedzwa zvinobudirira, zvinogona kutungamirira kuderera zvavo zviratidzo zviri chirwere chaiko.

Mumwe zvakawanda zvinokosha kushanda kuti masero kuita muupenyu hwezuva nezuva - pakuchengetedza DNA kubva kukuvara. Uyezve, zvavanokupai muviri wose pamwechete simba. DNA yaichengetwa muna core. Pane nzira dzakawanda kuchengeta wakachengeteka. Zvisinei, ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri masero vane yakaderera zviri antioxidants nedzimwe phytonutrients pavanoparidza zvakatipoteredza Magumo ekushandiswa zvinokachidza akadai mishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kukonzera kukuvara DNA. zvakakanganisika ichi, anozivikanwa somunhu mutation, anogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kubereka simba. Uyezve, chinokurwadzai nechitarisiko kuzvimba munyama, avo kukurumidza kuchembera.

Basa zvinovaka muviri muupenyu sero

Paavhareji mukuru ane masero anenge 30 tiririyoni. Uyezve, zuva rimwe nerimwe zviuru vezvikwata matsva kudzokororwa kubva kare, vaneta-panze kana kukuvaradzwa. Power masero - inofanira kupa zvinovaka muviri mbishi zvinhu kuti kusika itsva uye kuramba tsaru dzakabatana. Uyezve, vamwe zvokudya vari kudzivirirwa kubva zvakakanganisika uye kupa muviri pamwe zvakakodzera simba. Pasinei nokuti masero munyama siyana uye nhengo dzingasiyana-siyana chimiro, kukura, zvivako, ane kufanana zvinoriumba kuti mabasa chaizvo mabasa.

Power uye chitokisi Kamudzira

Shell kuti encapsulates muchitokisi, yainzi sero membrane. It anoshumira muganhu STRUCTURAL, izvo kunotadzisa womukati kugutsikana kubva zvokunze kukanganiswa ingress ose nevamiririri ndisingadiwi. Panguva iyoyowo, goko ino anoshumira semipermeable Sefa nokupa sero basa rikurumidze zvokudya. Nawo ingasanganisira zvinokurisa uye dongo, nekusiyana, vakabviswa muviri. izvi zvose zvinoita kuti intercellular pakukurukurirana uye Kufambisa vose vasiri mashandiro muviri.

The Kamudzira ine chezvematongerwe kwemafuta, iyo, kunyange insoluble nemvura, pova dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi akaita muganhu uye mamiriro. The chikuru basa lipids ndiko kuumba chimiro uye STRUCTURAL pakusimba. Chimwe chikamu zvinokosha mapurotini. Vanopa kukurukurirana uye pave nenzira kuda. Somuenzaniso, mapfupa masero kuisa pfupa kubudikidza mapuroteni muchitokisi membranes. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti uyewo achipa chiratidzo yavo apo nokutora zvinovaka muviri uye tsvina excretion.

The chikuru kushanda muchitokisi Kamudzira

Masero ndiwo Dzokuvaka zvose zvinooneka hurongwa. Zvose mumuviri - kubva bvudzi mumusoro uye kusvika nzara minwe, uyewo ganda, ropa, nhengo uye mapfupa - rinoumbwa masero. masvingo dzavo, akadana sero Kamudzira, sezvinoita fenzi nhare kuti tisatarise zvinovaka muviri uye vanosundira chinhu chinogona kukuvadza. Kunyange zvazvo zvinosiyana (kusiyana ropa tsinga, mapfupa kwakasiyana tsandanyama, etc.), vose vane inokosha marongerwo uye vachida inokosha kwacho yakadai simba masero. Ndicho chikuru tsime simba uye simba.

Cell zvokudya uye simba kugadzirwa: mitochondria

Sero Kamudzira runopoteredza sero seboka ganda akafukidza muviri. Saizvozvowo sezvo nyama dzomuviri uye nhengo dziri kuita zvimwe mashandiro, uye sero rimwe rine ayo shanduro pachavo vakasiyana navo. Ndivo vakadanwa organelles. Vamwe anokosha organelle anokonzera simba kugadzirwa kubva zvinovaka muviri, ndivo mitochondria. Mumuviri, vazhinji vavo.

Sero rimwe nerimwe rine akawanda zana kupfuura maviri zviuru mitochondria, zvichienderana kwavo simba zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, masero kwemoyo uye skeletal tsandanyama, vane yakakwirira zvikuru simba chinodiwa kuti tirambe kuramba sangano mukati mumuviri, vane 40% kubva munharaunda yayo inogarwa idzodzo izvi. Avhareji yevanhu muviri ine dzinopfuura imwe quadrillion akafanana zvinoriumba. Kusiyana rokunze muchitokisi Kamudzira, mumwe mitochondrion ane anoshongwa maviri: yomukati dzokunze. Wokutanga ine 75% mapuroteni - zviri zvikuru kupfuura mamwe muganhu chero sero. mapuroteni ava chikamu Erekitironi chokufambisa cheni uye basa rinokosha parudzi ATP.

Sei pomugove muitiro panguva cellular chechetere?

Unicellular inotungamirwa organelles vari zvakare zvakafanana avo inowanikwa zvinenge zvakawanda kunzwisisa. Ndivo zvakakodzera kuti vabudirire okuguma zhinji maitiro upenyu. Central kuzvidzora basa iri akarondedzera zvakananga chinoumba sero, iro rine DNA anotungamirira kwetunhu mapuroteni muchitokisi. Mitochondria vane basa muitiro foni afemeruke uye kutendeuka shuga kupinda simba. Ribosomes hunovimbisa kushanda chokufambisa mugero vari pakati endoplasmic reticulum. Sero Kamudzira iri zvokusarudza anoita sangano nezvinhu.

zvokudya zvakakodzera inoita basa rinokosha neutralizing ari zvinokuvadza uye noutano panguva cellular vanochiva sezvo zvinopa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kune masero, ivo vanoshumira sezvokuvakisa uye kudzivirira zvinokosha mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa simba. Features simba masero chokuita basa nechimwe yenhengo dzayo. Mishonga mapuroteni vari ipapo akoromoka kupinda amino acids, uye ipapo kuzodzosera synthesized kupinda itsva zvakafanana zvinhu. Vamwe acids amino dziri kushandiswa anogadzira zvinhu zvichikurukura nemakemikari zvakadai mahormone. Avo, akavapindurawo, muri chinokosha intercellular yokukurukurirana. Kupa muviri pamwe zvinokosha zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza yakarurama nemamiriro membrane.

Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri cellular udyo

An muitiro chinokosha kuti kunokanganisa cellular basa - zvokudya. Zvinofanira kuitika optimum ezvinhu. Panyaya iyi, hwaro utano hwakanaka ndivo sero membranes. Sezvakangoita nokuvaka imba hazvigoni kumbofungidzira pasina nheyo yakasimba, uye utano hwakanaka, zvakanaka kutoitwa muviri vanofanira kuva hwaro hwakasimba. Kuitwa muinonzi matete zvinovaka muviri kupinda sero pachayo kubudikidza Kamudzira, izvo nokuti Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kushanda kunofanira utano, nyoro uye tigone kushanduka.

Ndechipi munhu kunatsiridza muchitokisi kudya? Anokosha nechimwe sangano inotanga kudya utano hwakanaka zvokudya Organic zvigadzirwa. Kashoma zvinoitika kuti zvatinosiita zuva kudya kunosanganisira chete anodiwa zvinhu uye akawanda umo zvakakodzera here. Apo iwe unogona kuita zvakanaka basa unhu muviri zvokuwedzera zvinogona kuwedzera sero simba pamwero kusvika optimum pfungwa.

Seven pezvakaitwa upenyu

Sero rimwe nerimwe rine nhamba mabasa kuti aurayiwe:

• Kubereka. Kuberekana - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha urongwa upenyu.
• Movement. Cell anofanira kuva chinjwa. Iye anogara kukwanisa kushandura chimiro chayo.
• Muviri - zvinhu zvipenyu muitiro kuti vachengetedzwe, izvo zvinosanganisira catabolic uye anabolic kwendangariro.
• Kufema - generating simba nokuda metabolic urongwa, sero kuwanda uye vanonzi yokuzvigadzirisa.

• Power. Food yaunodya anogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nokuti munhu unicellular kana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda.
• Homeostasis - ezvinhu simba zvakanyatsoenzana of muviri kubva ayo ezvinhu achishandisa anenge mumwe pfungwa shanu.
• Yavaive - ndichipfeka kubvisa tsvina.

Nzira nerubatsiro zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana

Power inodikanwa simba uye kukura. All zvipenyu panyika vanoda zvokudya. Asi avo muviri masero kudya nzira dzingasiyana. Plants vanokwanisa kuumba zvokudya zvavo pachavo kuburikidza photosynthesis. Vanoshandisa chiedza chezuva kutendeutsa nyore mamorekuru ose carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura makabhohaidhiretsi zvikuru kunzwisisa. Mhuka, uyewo, kuti vazviriritire tichiregeredza dzimwe mhuka kana zvirimwa. Panyaya iyi, muitiro kunoshandurwa. More kunzwisisa zvinhu zviri ipazwe diki, nyore, soluble mamorekuru, iyo zvino anogona kushandiswa simba uye kukura.

The muviri womunhu rinoumbwa dzakazadza duku Dzinovaka, rimwe nerimwe neimwe nzira anotora chikamu kwemasayendisiti zvinokosha: afemeruke, simba firimu, sangano, kugaya, kuparadzana, kubereka, uye vamwe. Masero akafanana miviri maduku, chimwe nechimwe akapoteredzwa rwokudzivirira mumuhara. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti simba uye sero kukura zvisisakwanisiki. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti kusawirirana kuitwa pamusoro zvinhu kana kwetsvina. Panyaya iyi, sero inova chepfu uye zvinogona kukuvadza muviri, kwete kuubvumira ishande zvakanaka.