Derzhavin G. R. ode "Felitsa": pfupiso uye mabhuku ongororo

Nyanduri Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816 gg.) Vakanyora sezvinoita Russian classicism, iyo panguva iyoyo akarambidza chokubatanidza dzakakwirira ode uye satire rimwe chigadzirwa, asi gare gare nezvazvo.

Mudetembi aiva wemhuri aburuka vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata vaigara Kazan. Rhode Derzhavins, yakanyorwa pachavo arşive ari munyori, yakatanga vazukuru wamambo Bagrima uyo nokuzvidira asiya kuti Duke Vasily II.

Enhetembo okugadzira zvinhu Derzhavina ainyanya kumiririrwa odes: vehurumende, kwouzivi nyika kupembera uye Anacreontic.

Derzhavin, "Felitsa": kunyora pfupiso

Separate niche inogarwa vehurumende odes, izvo yakanyorerwa yesimba Hurumende machinda: madzimambo uye vanokudzwa. Uye mumwe chakajeka vamiririri ichi enhetembo Genre chinhu ode kuti "Felitsa" pfupi kwayo kugutsikana zvichakurukurwa pazasi. Mudetembi kuigara kune Russian Empress Catherine II.

Derzhavin akatanga basa Preobrazhensky hondo St. Petersburg, nguva ino rakaenderana kutanga basa rake enhetembo. Sezvo vakawanda kwemakore 40, iye akabata siyana dzevagari uye vemauto mbiru, uye kunyange aiva muchivande basa kubata Emelyana Pugacheva. Akabva ari pabasa General A. A. Vyazemskogo. Panguva iyoyowo anonyora akakurumbira ode ake "Felitsa". Pfupiso yebhuku basa inotiudza akachenjera uye zvakanaka Kyrgyz mwanasikana wamambo, ainzi Felitsa. Pano anoita somunhu mutongi akanaka, anopa mitemo uye nenyasha mambo.

Oda uye rumbidzo

Kusvika waiti: "Felitsa" pfupiso ", zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mufananidzo odes ake Derzhavin akatora kubva" The zvakaedza Tsarevich kuiisa chlorine "rakanyorwa Catherine II vazukuru vake.

tsika iyi - kunyora laudatory odes mufananidzo ane chinoziva mambo - akaramba uye Derzhavin, nokukwereta kubva University. Izvi zvikuru vanhu Ndaona ari umambo munhu uyo muvanhu kutarisira zvinakire ehurumende uye vanhu vayo.

Basa rinoratidza kurwisana, kunangana kushungurudzwa nzvimbo yake mukuru wamachinda. All anofanira kushumira zvakanaka Russia - ichi chaiva kutsanangura chinhu okugadzira zvinhu Derzhavin. Zviri avhenekerwa umambo , akaona simba kuti zvichaita zvakakwana kushandisa nyika yakadaro simba sezvo Russia.

G. Derzhavin, "Felitsa": detembo

Ode "Felitsa" akaunza kubwinya muvambi norupo mubayiro kubva Empress pachake, uyo podarovala snuffbox ake anokosha zvakagadzirwa negoridhe rakaisvonaka uye rakazara mangoda zvose zvisati zvamboitika.

Mumakore 80 Derzhavin haana kudaro yokunyatsoziva Catherine II, mufananidzo wake iye akasika nyaya raishandiswa kwake pachezvake. Asi mudetembi aiziva zvakawanda kwake boka racho, pasi murayiro yaakange kushumira panguva dzakasiyana. Muna ode idealized mufananidzo Catherine II dzinoenderana nokutsoropodzwa wake pachivanze avakuru.

mambokadzi ngoni

Assistant kuumba tenzi mufananidzo vakava mandative gwaro rakanyorwa Catherine II. In ichi ake "Instructions" iye akanyora nezvokukosha kuderedza zvimwe mitemo rufu, iro rinoshandiswa vaduku infractions. Saka, heroine wake Felicia Derzhavin akapa tsitsi uye murefu akadai Her rwaChangamire Catherine II.

Felitsa ari chigadzirwa wakudzwa mune chokwadi chokuti yamira mukutonga vakanga ushingi kutaura zvose zvemarudzi kutuka mukadzi.

Izvi zvakajeka ode "Felitsa". Executive Summary rinotsanangura kuti kubva akarongwa ode wokutanga vanogona kudzidza mutongi Russian Catherine II. Saka Derzhavin anokwevera mufananidzo yaro panzvimbo yokutanga, yakavakirwa yokusafa kwevanhu quality, uye anowedzera kuti mazuva ake okutanga muRussia akatanga kutevera tsika dzayo uye tsika. Muchiitiko chino, icho abudirira chaizvo uye saka akamutsa tsitsi dzake chivanze vanokudzwa uye Varindi. Pane uchapupu hwokuti munhu ode misodzi akabata Empress.

Derzhavin akaratidza chaiko itsva kugona uye akabatana ari ode kurumbidzwa uye chaizomuita kuti ave nemhosva kutanga satire, uye ipapo zvakanga zvisingagamuchiriki. Vakachenjera Felice wake mufananidzo akakodzera vakanga yaishora ne hanya grandee - "wamambo". akanga ari muruvazhe St. Catherine GA Potemkin, Count P. I. Panin, Diagramm Orlov, Prince AA Vyazemsky, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Derzhavin navo saka anoratidzwa zvakarurama kuti zvaiva nyore kuti zvokufungidzira uyo akabata basa rake.

A satire pamusoro pevanokudzwa

Mabhuku ongororo ode "Felitsa" anodaro kuti Derzhavin nomwoyo satire akasimbisa zvavasingakwanisi zvose, zviduku zvido uye vachida. Unokudzwa vanhu anokudzwa havagoni kutarira akadaro kukodzera nzira. Somuenzaniso, iye anofananidzwa Potemkin Gourmet uye madyo aida vachidya uye vachinwa varaidzo. Orlov aida kuti unakirwe kutamba uye chibhakera kurwa. Panin, tichisiya mamwe kuita mabasa avo, vakaenda kuvhima pamwe nembwa. A Vyazemskij tijekerwe pfungwa dzako kuverenga "Bova uye Polkan," sezvo kazhinji akarara pamusoro Bhaibheri.

Ticharamba kudzidza ode pfupiso. Derzhavin "Felitsa" yepakutanga uye asingatyi kwazvo zvipo mufananidzo munyori basa. Kunyatsoyeuka uye muchokwadi, iye akanyora kuti: "Kugara pamba, ndakanga namaperembudzi, kuridza benzi nomudzimai wake ...".

Zvinokosha uye zvikuru yepakutanga dzokuMabvazuva munuhwi odes, sezvazvakaita nyaya nokuda wechiTatar wamambo, uye kunyange akataura kumabvazuva kuguta Simina, Kupwara uye Baghdad. Painoguma ane ode kuti tsika uye yakakwirira laudatory manyorerwo.

Derzhavin mu ode rake rinofananidza ushe Catherine II, iyo pave anoverengeka anobatsira kuti mamiriro mitemo Great, kusaruramisira uye utsinye tsika kutonga Russia panguva Anne Ioannovne akadana Biron nguva.

Felitsa mufananidzo ari odes pamusoro Derzhavin "Felitsa" "grandee"

Pashure "Felitsa" izvo vakakudza nokusingaperi Derzhavin, nyanduri anotanga ode "murume mukuru." Pano zvakare, pakuvaka Rinoshandisa nheyo mbiri - laudatory uye satirical. Asi kana "Felice" yakanga yakanaka kutanga, hilarious satire uye kuseka wemadzishe, iyo ode "grandee" zvakasiyana reshiyo zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Praise the vashomashoma - chete pakupedzisira, ane hanya zvikuru achitaura PA Rumyantsev. Vazhinji kudarika kutsamwa satire. Akanzwa kutsamwa muvambi hanya kuvanokudzwa chikwereti kuna ake Yababa. Izvi hazvisi mabasa akasiyana chaizvo pamusoro XVIII remakore. It derzhavin achigumburwa nokuda mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu vake uye vanotongwa kutambura kubva criminally hanya courtiers, pamabiko dzakasvikwa wepanosvikira ari tungamidzana kwemaawa aigona kugara uye kumirira vateereri uye mukuru uye chirikadzi ine mwana mumaoko, uye musoja vakuvara.

mhedziso

Saka, isu waongorora kuti ode pfupiso. Derzhavin "Felitsa" uye "murume mukuru" - ndicho chikumbiro kuna satire, inova shoma gare gare, muna XIX remakore, Gogol wakadzokororwa basa "The zvakaedza Captain Kopeikin" uye Nekrasov mu "Reflections kubva pamberi pebiravira."

We chaizvo okugadzira zvinhu uye papfuura akatevedzera atsauka ake, A. S. Pushkin uye Decembrists KF Ryleev.