Freedom-rudo nhetembo - izvi ... Chii rusununguko-rudo nhetembo?

Freedom-rudo nhetembo - ndiyo acho, zvakatsaurirwa matambudziko kuda, rusununguko zvayo kuratidzwa siyana, vachizivisa pfungwa Humanism uye kuda kuzvimiririra. In mabhuku Russian, zvichida kupfuura zvikuru anomirirwa mubasa nomunyori mukuru Russian remakore rechi19 Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Freedom-rudo mashoko ose Pushkin yakaumbwa mumakore kuwedzera yevagari hana venyika yedu pashure Second World War (1812), uyewo pamberi yemuna pakati Decembrists (yakaitika December 14, 1825). Upenyu-kusimbisawo pathos wenhetembo, munyori aiva mugumisiro zviitiko izvi. Pakati vakawanda nevavariro dzakasiyana nhetembo Alexander ndeimwe anokosha nzvimbo ndiro dingindira rusununguko, vavariro "rusununguko mutsvene".

Shoko rokuti "rusununguko"

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo zviri rusununguko-rudo nhetembo, unofanira kutanga tatsanangura rokuti "rusununguko". Chizvarwa 10 - 20s remakore rechi19 - ichi rakazvimirira mweya ushamwari kubatana, uye kuzorodzwa kubva vanonzi "kudzvinyirira dzinouraya simba", uye nakidzwa zvikuru penzvimbo yezvakaita Russia, uye kunzwa yaro wokufananidzira rusununguko, rusununguko kusika.

Muupenyu hwake hwose, Pushkin vaichengeta shanduka rokusika nzira munyori, tinosvika kuna kuratidzwa chokwadi, uye naizvozvo mufananidzo wake lyrical.

The lyrical gamba pamusoro Pushkin

At Alexander Sergeyevich nayo - rusununguko-rudo uye hwakapfuma pakunamata unhu, akagadzirira chibayiro nokuda nevakariri chikonzero rusununguko, akatendeka kwaari, pane kupesana pakati chokwadi uye kudanana hope, ndichirairira pamusoro namarudzi despotism, kutenda kusingadzivisiki kuchakunda kururamisira, uyewo philosophically kunzwisisa dambudziko rusununguko . All nayo - zvaidiwa lyrical, kutaura pachavo vari acho uye anomutsa zvimwe zvinetso. Ndicho rusununguko-rudo nhetembo.

"Rusununguko" uye "To Chaadaev"

Saka, muna ode "Liberty", makasimbiswa muna 1817, ndiyo hondo vanodzvinyirirwa, riri kuitwa muzita yakunda rusununguko. "Simuka, rawa varanda!" - zvinoda munyori.

Dana kurwira rusununguko rakanzwikwa imwe nhetembo, rakanyorwa 1818 uye yakanyorerwa "shamwari" Nyanduri uye mutsigiri mukushora despotism Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev. The Genre ndiro - shoko anonzwika zvakajeka enyika matauriro. Munyori foni yaungapedzera Yababa "Mweya gusts zvikuru."

mberi vanhu vose, vairarama Alexander, chimbomirai zvishoma rusununguko mutsvene sechinhu wechiduku anoda - ". miniti akatendeka chisarai" In shoko iri, unogona kuwana mifananidzo miviri: ". Simba dombo" ari Motherland uye Pamusana kwavari, pamberi Ziso muverengi pfungwa yacho mufananidzo hunobuda munhu akaoma ezvinhu Motherland. Nhetembo anotaura shoko "nyeredzi", zvichireva mune zvematongerwo enyika Mutauro makore vechimurenga, chiratidzo mukukunda kusunungurwa mhosva.

"The Village '

Munguva rwendo kumusha Mikhailovskoye muna 1819 mudetembi akanyora zvose zvaakasika, "The Village", riri kunangana serfdom - mumwe zvakaipa kwazvo Russia. The lyrical gamba basa iri kwose kwose uchiona "kusaziva nyadzi zvinouraya." Akavaka "musha" panheyo zvinyorwa zvokupikisa: tsanangudzo rine runyararo pakati nerunako rwezvisikwa mumweya sentimentalism rokutanga chikamu uye rechipiri - zvinoshamisa kuchinja chimiro nhetembo uye mutinhimira. Ichi chikamu - invective, izvozvo panoratidza generalized mifananidzo serfs uye landlords 'Vimba muuranda "uye" nyati kwamachinda ".

Other Poems makore 1820-1824

Munyaya inotevera chidimbu, akanyorwa 1820, "akadzimwa nyamasase" inzwi lyrical kufara nokushungurudzika. Munyori zvinoreva muchikepe rudano kuutakura "kumugumo muganhu" pamusoro "chero paangodira rinonyengera makungwa."

Other rusununguko-rudo nhetembo kuti Pushkin - "The Prisoner" (1822), uyewo elegy "To Gungwa" (1824), umo rusununguko kweshoko chokuita nyaya rouranda. Mukupera basa gungwa rinomiririra mhedziso rusununguko munhu - sezvo wokufananidzira uye nechomukati.

The kuchinja basa

Kubva 1825 ari wokufananidzira basa munyori wakadaro kutsemuka chokuita zvishoma nezvishoma kwaita realism mubasa rake, uye nawo shanduka rusununguko-rudo dzinotaura zviri nhetembo pakati A. S. Pushkina. Rinooneka pamutemo uye kushandurwa muna nhetembo makore iwayo mufananidzo lyrical gamba. Iye zvino achipfuura zvakaoma kukundwa pakati Decembrists, shamwari dzavo, chengeta zvinangwa zvavo kumusoro. Freedom-rudo nhetembo - ichi hachisi kudanana mbiri rokusika hwomunhu rusununguko. Alexander akanga zvakaparadzana pamwe neunyengedzi amakore ake muduku, akaita utsinye evanhu, asi aifanira mutongo, vakakamura vanhu varanda vanoteerera uye vanatenzi. Zvino lyrical gamba nechokwadi kuti dzokunamata takasununguka hakungagoni kukwanisika pasina tsitsi yomukati rusununguko wacho.

"Anchar"

Sezvazvakanyorwa 1828 nhetembo "Anchar" Pushkin anofumura kuratidzirwa vanodzvinyirirwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti rinotaurawo kuti "rusununguko-rudo nhetembo." Basa iri ndiro chezvematongerwe zvaisiririsa. Oro anomira oga zvakasikwa, kufanana anotyisa maawa, youtsinye uye kukakanganiswa gwenga. Kunyange chisikigo anoramba, haagamuchiri ichi "muchetura muti", "muti rufu." Asi pano Ancharov akatuma "munhu munhu," uye iye akadzokera uturu. The muranda haagari kuratidzira achirwisa kuda tenzi wake, Wakawanza zvakaipa, achishandisa muchetura muti muto nokuda miseve yavo uye akavatuma pedyo nemiganhu.

Poems makore 1829-1835

Vavariro ouzivi mashoko chokuita dingindira rusununguko, anoratidza vakadaro nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin rusununguko-rudo se "ndaitizira kana ini ..." (1829), "Elegy" (1830), "I akashanyira Zvakare" (1835).

Muzana rokutanga nhetembo, Pushkin anofunga "yakavandika pomuouki", iro anofanira kurarama kubva zera rake, iye atozvionera "zera iri Fathers."

"Monument"

Original mugumisiro rokusika basa nyanduri ari kusvitsa kunyorwa muna 1836, ari nhetembo "Handina shongwe. ...". Uye pano ndiwo zvishoma yakasiyana ruzha rusununguko-rudo nhetembo. basa iri - shanduro imwe odes pakati Horace. Alexander anoti rubatsiro vake zvizvarwa vanhu uye kuti akarumbidza nevatambi rusununguko uye akadana "tsitsi nokuda rawa."

Genre zvinoitwa rusununguko-rudo nhetembo

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Genre siyana mudetembi lyric rinonzi rusununguko-rudo, icho elegy, uye ode, uye sonnet, uye mashoko, uye lyrical nhetembo. Mumabasa aya, Pushkin akakwanisa chokubatanidza zvemamiriro bhuku uye zvokukurukura mashoko nokuda mumwe mutauro National mupenyu. Mune nhetembo Alexander vanozviti werudzii muchiuto kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, uye kuti chinangwa ichi vaisanganisira murugwaro yakwidzwa, uyewo verbs ari zvinokosha kumunetsawo. Used vakadaro afunge nzira, sezviratidzo (ocean, gungwa, nyeredzi - zviratidzo rusununguko), kuenzanisa, anaphora, uye vamwe.

In mashoko orwiyo romunyori vavariro vari siyana uye norusununguko mudzidziso epakutanga zvinoyevedza chimiro nhetembo dzake. Nemhaka iyi mabasa ake achiripo zana remakore uye immortalized zita musiki rayo. Freedom-rudo nhetembo - ndiko kuti, muna pfupi, kukumbirwa kuti rusununguko, hope nezvazvo.

Kukosha rusununguko-rudo nhetembo Pushkina

The upenyu nebasa Alexander Sergeyevich haana kupfuura pasina zvikasawanirwa. Freedom-rudo mashoko ose Pushkin chaizvo pakuita socio-enyika upenyu nguva. basa rake zvikuru ari pakuzadzisa yevagari nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin bhizimisi rakaramba Mihail Yurevich Lermontov, Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov, uye vamwe.

Ndicho rusununguko-rudo mashoko ose Pushkin. Nyaya iyi haibatanidzi ose nhetembo nechokuita chikamu ichi, saka kudzidza okusika nhaka Alexander anogona kuramba kuvimba kumwewo.