Hondo Narva November 30, 1700 ( "Narva kunyara"). Nhoroondo kukosha hondo

Hondo Narva aiva wokutanga kwakakomba muedzo yokuRussia Army muna Northern War. Muna 1700 hapana vaifungidzira kuti mushandirapamwe richagara kwemakore maviri. Saka, "Narva kunyara" aiita vakawanda zvinouraya kukundikana.

MARARAMIRO kurwa

Great Northern Hondo yakatanga nokuda chokwadi kuti Petro akanga achiedza kuwana mukana chiteshi muGungwa reBaltic. Idzi kamwe vaiva Russian kudenga, zvisinei, vakarasika panguva Troubles ari XVII remakore. Umo gore paiva "Narva nyadzi"? Muna 1700 m. Panguva ino, wechiduku Russian chamber kuvaka yakawanda urongwa kuchinja Russia kuva simba munyika chaiyo.

Muna 1698 Peter ndakakwanisa kuwana nedzenyu kubudirira. Mambo Poland uye Elector pamusoro Saxony, Augustus II akagumisa naye chakavanzika sungano kuzorwa Sweden. Gare gare chibvumirano ichi akabatana namambo Frederick IV pamusoro Denmark.

With zvakadai nevatsigiri shure kwake, Petro akanga achitarisira kuita pachena pamusoro Sweden. King Karl XII nyika vakauya choumambo pane muduku chaizvo uye vakaonekwa simba mupikisi. Chinangwa Peter chepakutanga vakava Ingermanlandia. Nharaunda ano Leningrad nharaunda. Kudeuka nhare mudunhu raiva Narva. Back uye ipapo vakaenda eRussia.

February 22, 1700, Peter akataura hondo musi Sweden, pakarepo pashure pokudzidza ane runyararo chibvumirano ne hweOttoman Empire, izvo iye anorwira paminondo kunetsana pamusoro fronts maviri. Kunyange zvakadaro, haana kuziva chii kutarisira Narva kunyara.

Mamiriro uto Russian

To hondo kuchamhembe muvakidzani wayo zvakagadzirwa pachine. Zvisinei, izvi hakurevi kubudirira. hondo Russian ichiri akararama XVII remakore uye seri European muchiuto mukugadzirwa nemashoko. Just ayo pamisara kuverengwa pamusoro varwi 200,000, dzakanga dzakawanda. Zvisinei, vose vasina kukwana zvinhu kuchengeteka, dzidzo uye chirango yakavimbika.

Peter akaedza kuronga hondo rokumavirira muenzaniso ano. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akakumbira kubva European kunyika vanachiremba dzakasiyana - kunyanya vokuGermany uye Dutch. The Vector akasarudzwa nemazvo, asi 1700 regiments maviri chete kutevedza zvinodiwa zvose uye zvinodiwa. Kuti modernize uye apiwa kurovedzwa vanofanira yakawanda, uye Petro akanga achimhanyira kupedzisa vavengi vavo tariro kuti achamupa zvakanakira kushamiswa.

By pakutanga Great Northern War, Russia achiri Haibudisi yayo musket. Mukuwedzera, hondo kubva pakutanga akatarisana zvakadai dambudziko somunhu underdeveloped nezvifambiso zvinosvika. In zvakaipa ekunze mugwagwa iri kuchamhembe munzvimbo kwakaoma nokuda varwi vakanga kukurira vanopfuura chiuru makiromita chaiwo. Zvinhu izvi zvakonzerawo Chiitiko, rwakazokura kuzivikanwa Narva kunyara.

The mamiriro wehondo Swedish

Northern muvakidzani Russia Kusiyana neizvi, aizivikanwa Europe hondo yaro rakanyatsorongwa yose. Yakanga yakakurumbira muvandudzi naMambo Gustav Ii Adolf, uyo kutya vavengi vake panguva Yemakore Makumi Matatu War (1618-1648).

vamabhiza Swedish yaiva Contractors vakagamuchira akakura ndaitambira mari. Infantry basa nokuti rokumanikidzirwa muchiuto kune imwe rwenyika asi inifanduri uye zvakanaka ndakawana. Varwi yakakamurwa kupinda squadrons uye battalions, izvo zvakanyanya dyidzana muhondo. Musoja Mumwe zvakajairwa kurayirirwa zvikuru, izvo kwakamubatsira muhondo. Mumakore zana apfuura hondo Swedish wakunda chete, uye tinoonga nyika yake yakatanga kuwedzera yaro muna Northern Europe. Yaiva muedzo anokumhan'arira, ari underestimation simba waitova dzinouraya chikanganiso.

Events pamusoro avaida muhondo

November 17, Boris Sheremetev akaudza mambo kuti yeSweden vari kuuya uye vari pedyo chaizvo. Hapana anoitisa kuipa njere, uye vari Russian mumusasa pedyo Narva haana kuziva chaiyo revarwi muvengi. Peter I, ndaziva pamusoro kusvika pakati muvengi, akasiyiwa Novgorod pamwe Alexander Menshikov uye Fedor Golovin. Command aiva Field Marshal Charles-Evgeniy Krua. Zvisinei Duke (zvaiva zita rake) akaedza kurwisa wamambo chisarudzo,, akasagona vabvume Peter.

Gare gare, mambo akatsanangura nezvaaizoita chokuti aifanira kusangana Mambo kuPoland, uyewo transports muzadze reserves. Panguva iyo yeSweden pashure kwavo kukunda vakaedza kududzira chiitiko ichi sezvo woumbwende wamambo. Narva kunyara Russian aiva chiitiko kusunungurwa kuyeukwa Medals unoratidza sobbing Peter.

Construction kweuto Russian

Mauto pasi pokutungamirira Koror akaita zvose kuti tiwane nzvimbo iri pamahombekombe Narva River. Kuti aite izvi, kurutivi rwamavirazuva akanga avaka masvingo. Hondo yose yaiva muzvikamu zvitatu. The rworudyi parutivi yacho yaigarwa Avtomonov Golovin dzinenge 14 zviuru vanhu. Pakati akamira Prince Troubetzkoy nebato ravo. Under ake murayiro vaiva 6000 vanhu. Kuruboshwe ndiye vamabhiza, aiterera Sheremetev.

Pazvakava pachena kuti yeSweden kare pedyo zvikuru, De Koror akarayira mauto kuti kukwidza nzvimbo. Communications akanga akatambanudzwa kuti makiromita manomwe. Saka mauto akanga dzakaonda zviuno. Shure pavo kwakanga kusina kuchengeterwa kana dura hondo.

Karl nzira

Mangwanani November 30, 1700 hondo Swedish akaswedera nzvimbo Russian. Narva kusvika rokuvhundusa. Musi hondo anozivikanwa zvinyorwa zvitatu. Kana iwe anotaura pakarenda pre-kuchinja, hondo kwakaitika musi 19 November muna Swedish - 20 November pamusoro magetsi - musi 30 November.

The pakuonekwa yeSweden akauya kushamisika, pasinei yapfuura kugadzirira. Sheremetev panguva rechiuto kanzuru zvinganaka vagovere muchiuto. Part kwakanga kuenda blockade pamusoro Narva nevamwe - kupa hondo inokosha kune yeSweden mumunda. Duke vasingabvumirani kuroorwa uye vakasarudza kusiya kutanga jaya mambo wokuSweden, iye pachake akatungamirira mauto ake. Koror of aidavira kuti uto Russian riri muhondo-vakagadzirira, kana zvinosara tsaru nzvimbo.

The yeSweden vaiva anonyatsoziva mamiriro ezvinhu muvengi, saka vaigona kuva inonyatsobudirira nzira. Karl XII akasarudza achizviendesa pachiuno wokuRussia sehondo Center chainyanya akakomberedzwa uye akakwanisa kukunda mambo. Uye zvakaitika Narva kunyara. Great Northern War, angave aiva nemigumisiro yakasiyana, kana kwete yakanakisisa Swedish Nyanzvi dzezvehondo - Karl Renshild uye Arvid Horn. Vakapa zano rokuchenjera jaya mambo, akanga ari murume, asi aigona kuita chikanganiso pasina kutsigira vatungamiri vemauto.

kurwisa yeSweden

Narva kunyara - hazvisi chete zvakaipa kugadzirira Russian kurwa, asi mheni kurwisa muvengi. The yeSweden vaida kumanikidza kwake nhare muvengi. Saka kushanda akanyangarika nzvimbo rinoshamisa apindure. The chete nzira yokupukunyuka inotonhora kwakatungamirira rwizi Narva.

The inifanduri yakanga yakafukidzwa atirari, iyo yeSweden yakasimbiswa pachikomo chaiva pedyo, iyo inopa yakanaka maonero mamiriro enzvimbo. Rakanaya chando chaiva chimwe chikonzero yakaitika Narva kunyara. Zvakanga rombo yeSweden. Mhepo yakanga ichivhuvhuta chiso nemasoja Russian. Visibility haana kusapfuudza gumi nevaviri matanho akakuvadzwa kudzokera moto.

Pana 2 o'clock masikati mbiri rakadzika achikanganisa Swedish yarova pachiuno akatambanudza mauto Russian. Nokukurumidza paiva maburi munzvimbo nhatu apo Karl parinouya akakundikana kuratidza. YeSweden coherence aiva nomuenzaniso wakanaka, Narva akava chisingadzivisiki kunyara. kukosha kwayo zvakaoma kuona, nokuti pashure vaviri maawa, muvengi akaputsa kupinda Russian mumusasa.

Ndakatanga kusava uye kusiya. Vatizi hapana sarudzo asi kuedza kuenda wading Narva. Nechando mvura vakanyura vanenge chiuru vanhu. Vasati kuti, rwizi rikashamiswa duku pagadzirwe zambuko, vakakoniwa kurwisa yakakuwandira wavakatiza uye yakadhirika, kuti chakawedzera uwandu vakaurayiwa. Narva kunyara, iro zuva raiva zuva rikasviba kuti Russian nhoroondo muchiuto, zvakanga zvakajeka.

Foreign vemauto akaisa Peter kwenzira mauto, ivo atangawo taramuka, izvo zvakatsamwisa vakuru Russian. Pakati pavo paiva pachake ari of Koror, uyewo Ludwig Allart. Vakaidza nyika yeSweden, kutiza pachavo varwi vavo.

The nemishonga chikuru akaiswa kurudyi bapiro. Pano masoja Russian noruzhowa kubva catapults muvengi uye ngoro. Zvisinei, izvozvo ndisisakwanisi kushandura mugumisiro hondo. Nenguva yorubvunzavaeni, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita akarwarisa. Zvinonzi anozivikanwa Chiitiko apo vaviri kukupfura Swedish murima akatora mumwe nokuda Russian uye akazarura moto wavo chete. Center yakatyoka, uye nokuda kwaizvozvi maviri divi vaidzivirira pachavo vasingagoni kupinda nevanhu mumwe.

kusarenda

Ndipo kutanga Northern War. Narva kunyara kwakanga kusingafadzi asi hakunzvengeki chokwadi. Mangwanani mamwe nzvimbo mauto Russian, akasarudza kutanga kwakadzama kuti mapfumo. Huru chibvumirano raiva Prince Yakov Dolgorukov. Akaronga pamwe yeSweden ari vakasununguka vanopfuura mhiri. Panguva iyoyowo, mauto Russian rakanga kunyimwa mukwende uye atirari, asi iye akaramba mireza uye nezvombo.

YeSweden akaenda zvikuru zvakapambwa: 32 zviuru rubles kubva papfuma youmambo, 20,000 muskets. Vakanga disproportionate varasikirwa. Kana yeSweden hunorasika akauraya vanhu 670, yeRussia - 7000. Varwi 700 akaramba muutapwa, zvinopesana nezvaiva mapfumo.

ukoshi

The Russian akatendeukira Narva kunyara? Nhoroondo kukosha chiitiko ichi chave nemigumisiro-refu. Wokutanga kurova mukurumbira reRussia. hondo yake akarega ainyepa mu Europe. vakaseka pachena pamusoro Peter, uye nokuda kwayo mbiri Carl kushinga wavarwi.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva kwakaratidza kuti kwaiva Pyrrhic kukunda nyika yeSweden. Carl akasarudza kuti Russia haisi ngozi, uye akatanga kurwa muPoland uye Denmark. Peter akatora mukana zororo. Iye akatora mauto kuchinja ari mamiriro, kudzorwa muchiuto uye wakadyara rakawanda chaizvo zvinhu.

Izvi takatakura muchero. Mumakore mashomanana, nyika akadzidza kukunda Russian muGungwa reBaltic. Hondo huru kwakaitika pedyo Poltava muna 1709. The yeSweden vakakundwa uye Charles vakatiza. Zvakava pachena kuti yose Russia, oddly zvakakwana, kwaibatsira Narva kunyara. Grengamskoe hondo chaicho kunyimwa Sweden midzi mamiriro simba guru muGungwa reBaltic. rugare chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa muna 1721, pasi iro muRussia yakawanda panyika uye zviteshi munzvimbo. Pano rayakavambwa St. Petersburg - guta guru idzva munyika. Hondo Poltava, Narva kunyara Grengamskoe kurwa - zviitiko zvose izvi zvazova chiratidzo rakajeka uye kudenha Petrine yaitonga.