Inotungamirwa, Nyaya

Hondo Yemashoko: makore vari. Nyika munguva Cold War. Foreign mutemo panguva Cold War

Kurwisana Union of Soviet Socialist Republics uye United States of America yakatora makore anopfuura 40 uye akanzi "Cold War". Makore aro nguva zvinofungidzirwa siyana dzekare. nenzira dzakasiyana. Zvisinei, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti pavanotaurirana yakaguma muna 1991, pamwe pokuwa USSR. Hondo Yemashoko akasiya zvisingafi chiratidzo munhau yenyika. Chero kunetsana remakore rapfuura (panopera Hondo Yenyika II) zvakafanira kuonekwa kuburikidza prism kweHondo Yemashoko. Yakanga isingori kunetsana pakati penyika mbiri. Raiva nebope pakati pepfungwa maviri rinopikisa, kutamburira kutonga pamusoro nyika.

The zvikonzero

Gore pakutanga kweHondo Yemashoko - 1946 ndipo. Yakanga pashure pokukundwa Nazi Germany loomed mutsva mepu dzenyika uye vorongerwa itsva nyika kutonga. Kukunda Third Reich wayo nevatsigiri vakaenda ropa hombe zvose pamusoro Europe, uye kunyanya Soviet Union. Future kunetsana zvikuru delineated panguva Yalta Conference muna 1945. On musangano uyu inozivikanwa Stalin, Churchill uye Roosevelt vakasarudza njodzi post-hondo Europe. Panguva ino, Red Army akanga achiuya Berlin, saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vabereke vanonzi weboka mabhora ose simba. Mauto Soviet, kwakarungwa mukurwa pamusoro munharaunda yayo, vakatakura kusunungurwa nemamwe marudzi ose Europe. Munyika kuti mundokunda Union, pave noushamwari mugovanisi hwoudzvinyiriri.

mabhora ose simba

Mumwe ava yakavhurwa muPoland. Panyaya iyi, rapfuura hurumende Polish muLondon uye vaiona pacharo pamutemo. nyika dzokuMadokero vakatsigira izvozvo, asi vanhu kusarudzwa Polish Communist Party of facto vakatonga nyika. Panguva Yalta Conference, nyaya iri kunyanya chakasimba vaiona mapati. Uyewo, nezvinetso zvakafanana vakanga kuchengetwa nevamwe munharaunda. Vasunungurwa kubva Nazi basa vanhu akasika hurumende dzavo pachavo, pamwe vatsigire USSR. Naizvozvo, pashure kukunda Third Reich pakupedzisira wakadenha pamepu remangwana Europe.

The chikuru block yaimbova dzairwisa vakatanga pashure weboka Germany. chikamu Eastern of ndakabatikana mauto eSoviet, yokuGermany Democratic Republic akaziviswa. NW Territories, iyo akatora dzairwisa, vakava rutivi Federal Republic of Germany. Pakati hurumende mbiri angotanga feuds. Pavanotaurirana pakupedzisira kuvhara pamiganhu pakati West uye East Germany. Yakatanga mukusora uye kunyange yokukanganiswa.

US wokudzora

Mumazana 1945 Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa vatsigiri kuramba dzinoshanda. Ndivo mabasa kutapurirana vasungwa vehondo (iyo vakatora pamusoro vaNazi) uye upfumi. Zvisinei, gore rinouya Hondo Yemashoko. Makore kutanga exacerbation chaicho yepashure pehondo. Akashumira sezvo rokufananidzira kutanga kutaura Churchill ari US muguta Fulton. Zvadaro pane aimbova mushumiri Britain, akati kuti muvengi mukuru kuWest ndiye komiyunizimu uye Soviet Union, chaakanga inomiririra. Winston akakurudzirawo kubatanidza zvose marudzi vaitaura Chirungu kubata "denda dzvuku". Mashoko tsamwisa kwakadaro vaisagona asi kukonzera mhinduro muMoscow. Kwapera nguva, Iosif Stalin akapa yekutaura kuti pepanhau "Pravda", umo akaenzanisa Chirungu itsika pamwe Hitler.

Countries muna Cold War: zvidhinha maviri

Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo Churchill aiva private munhu, chete izvozvo akaratidza kosi hurumende Western. United States zvinoshamisa kwakawedzera nawo panyika mudariro. Izvi zvakaitika kukonzerwa kuhondo. Combat akavhiyiwa havana kuitwa musi American ivhu (kunze Japanese Ndege bvuta). Saka, musi pakanyorwa States wakaparadza Europe aiva zvakarurama simba zvoupfumi uye zvechiuto. Achityira kutanga kwevanhu chimurenga (izvo kuti aitsigira Soviet Union) mundima yayo, mashoko capitalist hurumende yakatanga dziite vakapoteredza United States. Maiva muna 1946 akatanga anzwa pfungwa reuto NATO. Achipindura, vaSoviet vakaumba pachavo chikwata chavo - MAD. Zvakaitika kusvikira chokwadi kuti mapato zvakagadzira nzira okutambura zvombo pamwe chete. At pokutungamirira Churchill aiva zano zvichibvira hondo pamwe Soviet Union. Zvirongwa Similar vaiva uye Soviet Union. Zvakatanga gadziriro wezvokutengeserana uye pfungwa hondo.

maoko rudzi

Maoko rudzi pakati penyika mbiri kwaiva chimwe chezvinhu rokuratidzwa mananara zvakauyiswa Cold War. Makore kunetsana zvakakonzera pakusika nemamwe achishandisa zvehondo iyo zvichiri kushandiswa nhasi. Chechipiri hafu 40s US aiva nani hombe - zvombo zvenyukireya. Wokutanga mabhomba zvenyukireya warheads zvaishandiswa kunyange panguva Second World War. Bhomba "Enola Gay" Akadonhedza mabhomba Japanese guta Hiroshima, izvo chaizvo equalized kuti pasi. Ndipo apo nyika akaona simba rokuparadza zvombo zvenyukireya. The US akatanga vanoshingaira kuwedzera padanda ravo zvombo zvakadaro.

In mamiriro pakavanda rabhoritari chaiyo akasikwa New Mexico. Pahwaro renyukireya zvakanakira uye uvake inokosha urongwa ramangwana ukama USSR. Tips, uyewo akatanga achishingaira kuva chirongwa chacho zvenyukireya. America vakatenda kuvapo mhosva pamwe zvakapfumisa uranium exchange, mukuru zvinobatsira. Naizvozvo njere akurumidza kutora zvose zvinyorwa pamusoro pokumuka zvombo zvenyukireya kubva mundima akakundwa Germany muna 1945. Secret yakazokudziridzwa nokukurumidza "Dropshot" urongwa. Uyu inokosha gwaro, izvo envisaged amurove yenyukireya pamusoro Soviet Union. Maererano zvakataurwa nevamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika, Misiyano zano iri Truman akapa kakawanda. kwakaguma Saka kutanga nguva kweHondo Yemashoko makore, vaiva muduku kutosvorana.

Union zvombo zvenyukireya

Muna 1949, USSR akabudirira dzakaitisa nomuedzo bhomba yenyukireya wokutanga nzvimbo muna Semipalatinsk, chii pakarepo akazivisa dzose dzokuMadokero vezvenhau. Sikai RDS-1 (bhomba renyukireya) yakaitwa zvichibvira zvikuru nemhaka zviito njere Soviet kuti kupinda kusanganisira pachivande kuidzwa pasi Los Alamosse.

Ichi kukura nokukurumidza zvombo zvenyukireya zvakandishamisa chaiyo United States. Kubva zvino zvombo zvenyukireya aiva chikuru chaiita kuti yakananga kurwisana nemauto pakati pemisasa maviri. Muenzaniso muna paHiroshima neNagasaki akaratidza munyika rinotyisa simba maatomu bhomba. Asi mugore chii Hondo Yemashoko yakanga ndiro kwazvo?

Cuban Chombo dambudziko

Makore ose kweHondo Yemashoko, zvikuru mwoyo-kutinhidza uye mamiriro ezvinhu akanga ari 1961. Kurwisana Soviet Union uye United States akaburuka munhau sezvo "Cuban Chombo Crisis". kwakavakirwa ake akanga refu ichi pamberi. Zvakatanga pamwe nekutumirwa kwemauto US zvenyukireya zvombo muTurkey. Mhosva "Jupiter" Pakarongwa kuti taigona yakarova chero kupfura kumadokero chikamu Russia (kusanganisira Moscow). ngozi iyi asingagoni kupindurwa.

Mumakore mashomanana vasati vari Cuba akatanga akakurumbira chimurenga rinotungamirirwa Fidel Castro. Chokutanga, USSR haana kuona kutarisira kwazvakarerekera. Zvisinei, kuti Cuban vanhu akabudirira vachipidigura Batista hwechiKomonisiti. Pashure paizvozvo, US machinda akati zvaisazova kushivirira hurumende itsva Cuba. Pakarepo mushure, pakati Moscow uye Liberty Island chigaro pedyo nedzenyu pabonde. Cuba Soviet dzakabatana zvechiuto Akatumirwa.

Pakutanga kunetsana

Mushure nekutumirwa kwemauto zvombo zvenyukireya muTurkey, kuti Kremlin vakasarudza kutora okukurumidzira matanho kukurira, sezvo iyi yaiva zvisingaiti kuita kanda renyukireya zvombo panguva United States kubva mundima Union.

Zvakanga Naizvozvo nokukurumidza dzakabudirira pakavanda kushanda "Anadyr". Warship akanga tasked vazopa kumberi zvombo muna Cuba. Muna October, nezvikepe akatanga kusvika Havana. Zvakatanga vanomhanyisa Mapedhi. Panguva iyi US musori ndege akaita nendege pamusoro nemhenderekedzo. Vanhu vokuAmerica akakwanisa kuwana kwepfuti mashomanana tactical kupatsanurana, ane zvombo akatumirwa Florida.

The kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu

Pakarepo mushure maizvozvo, US muchiuto vakayerera kumusoro vakamuka. Kennedy vakabata mumwe musangano wechimbichimbi. Several mukuru machinda akakurudzira mutungamiri kuti pakarepo kutanga imwe nechisimba Cuba. In zvinoitirwawo kuwedzera ikoko, Red Army angadai pakarepo yakatanga chombo-renyukireya ranwa pamusoro kumhara. Izvi zvinogona zvakanaka kutungamirira munyika hondo yenyukireya. Naizvozvo, mativi akatanga kutsvaka kutsauswa zvinobvira. Pashure pezvose, vose vaiziva zvakaipira Cold War akadaro. Makore yechando yenyukireya zvakanga zvisiri tarisiro yakanaka.

Zvinhu zvakanga nerongo, zvinogona chaizvoizvo kuchinja chero nguva. Maererano zvenhoroondo dzekare, munguva ino, Kennedy kunyange akazorora muhofisi yake. Somugumisiro, vokuAmerica ndikaisa mberi kokupedzisira - kubvisa zvombo Soviet kubva Cuba. Next vakatanga mumwe wengarava blockade chacho.

Khrushchev aivawo yakafanana musangano muMoscow. Several vemauto Soviet uyewo vakasimbirira haana kupa kuna Washington zvinodiwa, uye umo nyaya vokuAmerica dzinga. The brunt of Union aigona kuva Cuba, asi muBerlin kuti zvakanaka kunzwisiswa nenzira White House.

"Black Mugovera"

Kutya mukuru zvenyukireya kwevashandi munyika panguva Cold War kwave kuchiita October 27, Mugovera. On Nanhasi American U-2 ushori ndege pamusoro Cuba uye akapfurwa pasi Soviet Gunners Anti-ndege. Mumaawa of chiitiko chakazivikanwa mu Washington.

Congress zano purezidhendi dzikambouya pakarepo. The President akasarudza kunyora tsamba Khrushchev, apo akadzokorora zvirevo ake. Khrushchev akapindura tsamba iyi pakarepo, vabvuma kwavari mukutsinhana imwe US chokumbofanobata haana kupinda Cuba uye kubvisa zvombo kubva Turkey. Shoko rikasvika nokukurumidza sezvinobvira - chikumbiro chakaitwa pachishandiswa redhiyo. On chombo dambudziko iri Cuban dzakaguma. Kubvira ipapo kusimba mamiriro vakatanga zvishoma kusviba.

pfungwa yokurwisana

Foreign mutemo munguva Cold War vaviri dzakabatana akanga dzinoratidzwa kwete chete kukwikwidzana kutonga pamusoro mundima, asi zvakaoma mashoko hondo. Zviviri zvakasiyana hurongwa vakanga vachiedza kuratidza nyika ukuru hwavo. MuUnited States yakanga zvakasikwa akakurumbira "Radio Liberty", iyo kutepfenyurwa pamusoro munharaunda Soviet Union nedzimwe mugovanisi nyika. The chinangwa yamashoko sangano rakanga hondo Bolshevism uye communism. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti "Radio Liberty" ariko achiri uye unoshanda munyika dzakawanda. The Soviet Union panguva Cold War rave akasika yakafanana chiteshi, izvo dzeredhiyo kundima yacho capitalist nyika.

Ose chiitiko chinokosha nokuda kwehumunhu yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura aionekwa mumaratidzirwo kweHondo Yemashoko. Somuenzaniso, kutiza Yuri Gagarin kuti nzvimbo yakanga prepodneson nyika kuva mukukunda Socialist Labor. Countries vanopedza yakakura pfuma iri anoparadzirwa. Kuwedzera kutsigira nemari uye kutsigirwa netsika, paiva paupamhi richikurukura nevamiririri.

shora mutambo

Vasori anonyengera kweHondo Yemashoko vave nevakawanda kunooneka uri. The Secret Service akaenda-siyana emazano okunyengera kuva imwe nhano mberi vaimushora. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa kacho - pokuvhiyiwa "nokureurura," riri kupfuura akafanana mutikitivha nyaya spyware.

Kunyange munguva yehondo, musayendisiti Soviet Leo izwi akasika rakasiyana wokutepfenyurisa kuti haatarisiri recharging kana simba. Yakanga rudzi nokusingaperi inofamba muchina. Kuterera mudziyo wakanzi "Chrysostom". KGB pamusoro pachavo mirairo Beria akasarudza kusimbisa "Chrysostom" iri US Embassy. Nokuti chinangwa ichi chakange akasikwa remuti nhoo pamwe nguvo maoko United States. Munguva kushanya, US mumiriri utano zvevana musasa "Artek" dzakatarwa mutsetse yakarongwa. Panoperera mapiyona akaimba US rwenyika, uye ipapo akabata Ambassador mumaoko remuti jasi. Munhu suspecting imwe nzira, akagadza nawo nekuda kwako. Nokuda ichi makore KGB 7 kuti mashoko pamusoro zvose pashure kurukurirano. zviitiko akadaro yakazaruka kuruzhinji uye zvakavanzika, chaiva chikuru yakatarwa.