Irene Joliot-Curie: pfupi Biography, mapikicha

Irène Joliot-Curie (Photo inoratidza gare gare munyaya) - mwanasikana mukuru Marie uye Pierre Curie masayendisiti akakurumbira vakagamuchira Nobel Prize muna Chemistry muna 1935 kuti kuwanikwa kwake nomurume kubata radioactivity. Akatanga basa rake nesayenzi somunhu tsvakurudzo mubatsiri panguva Radium Institute kuParis, yakatangwa vabereki vake, akachinja nokukurumidza amai akava foromani wake. Ikoko iye akasangana nemurume uye kuva woupenyu hwose yesayenzi nemumwe Frederikom Zholio. Kazhinji, ivo akasaina zvavanenge vawana mubatanidzwa surnames dzavo.

Irene Joliot-Curie: pfupi Biography

Irene akaberekwa musi 12/09/1897 muParis mumhuri waMariya uye vakundi Nobel Prize , Pierre Curie. Achiri muduku chaizvo kujairika - kuibvisa kwakaitika boka remasayendisiti penya. The vabereki taroorana muna 1895 uye akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna wefizikisi, kuitisa kuedza mu murabhoritari yake radioactivity. Mariya Kyuri akanga vava kuda kuwanikwa Radium, apo zvishoma Irene, kana "mambokadzi wake muduku," sezvo amai akadana mwanasikana wake, waiva mwedzi mashomanana okuberekwa.

The musikana akakura kwete kwemakore, asi aiva mwana anonyara. Iye chaizvo possessive mu zvaiva mai vake, akanga kazhinji zvakawanda kuedza kwavo. Apo, pashure rimwe zuva refu vari yezvirwere, "VaHosi" akasangana mai vake unonetseka, vachirayira zvibereko, Mary anotendeuka ndokuenda kumusika kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mwanasikana wake. Mushure rwaikurumidza kuuya netsaona rufu baba vake Pierre muna 1908, rimwe simba guru pamusoro Irene akatanga kushanda sekuru vake baba Ezhen Kyuri. Akadzidzisa ake muzukuru bhotani uye dzinongoitika nhoroondo, kana iye apedza zhizha mumusha. Curie Sr. aiva akaita enyika kukuru uye kuna Mwari, uye akabatsira kuumba leftist mashoko Irene uye kuzvidza chitendero yakarongwa.

nontraditional dzidzo

dzidzo Curie waiva chishamiso. Amai vake vakaona kuti Irene vake nomunun'una wake Eva Denise (1904 p.) Made daily mumuviri uye mupfungwa muviri. Vasikana vaiva governess, asi nekuti Madame Curie haana mvumo kuzvikoro, iye akaronga chokurovedza majana, umo vana mapurofesa yaiva yakakurumbira Paris Sorbonne akasvika zvidzidzo murabhoritari. Amai Irene wakadzidzisa wefizikisi, uye ayo mamwe nomukurumbira navo vakadzidzisa masvomhu, kemisitiri, mitauro uye chivezwa. Nokukurumidza Irene aiva mudzidzi yakanakisisa noruzivo naka wefizikisi uye kemisitiri. Makore maviri gare gare, zvisinei, kana akanga 14, ari pamwe yave akapeta, musikana akanga akabvuma kuchikoro voga, College Sevigne, uye nokukurumidza vakagamuchira gwaro. Akapedza zhizha pamhenderekedzo yegungwa kana mumakomo, dzimwe nguva boka vakakurumbira vakadai Albert Einstein uye mwanakomana wake. Zvino Irene akauya Sorbonne kudzidza kuva mukoti.

Shanda pamberi

Panguva First World Madame Curie akaenda mberi, apo itsva X-ray michina inoshandiswa pakurapa nemasoja. Nokukurumidza mwanasikana vakadzidza kushandisa chete michina, vakashanda mai vake, uye gare gare dzavo. Irene, vainyara uye pane hazvina ushamwari zvakasikwa, akadzikama uye unruffled mu ngozi. Ava nemakore 21, akava mubatsiri mai panguva Radium Institute. Iye akadzidza nounyanzvi kushandisa gore kamuri, zano inoita chinooneka zvepakutanga nezvimedu kuburikidza kutevera madonhedza emvura, avakange siya munzira kufamba kwavo.

Kutanga basa nesayenzi

Mukutanga 1920s, mushure kukunda zviri kuratidzwa muUnited States naamai vake uye hanzvadzi, Iren Kyuri akatanga kuita mupiro ayo murabhoritari. Kushanda Fernand Holweck, administrative mukuru akatanga aidzidza kuedza kakawanda Radium, migumisiro iyo dzakabudiswa muna 1921 mu basa rake rokutanga. By 1925 iye apedza ake doctorate chinyorwa pamusoro Arifa mwaranzi ose polonium, chinhu ichocho, wakasvinudza vabereki ayo. nevamwe vazhinji murabhoritari, kusanganisira murume wake ramangwana, akafunga akaita mababa vake anenge nezveuchenjeri kukwanisa kushandisa mano. Frederick aiva muduku makore mashoma pane Irene uye vasina ruzivo pakushandisa zvishandiswa nesayenzi. Paakabvunzwa kumuudza radioactivity, akatanga ari nani unhu nenzira, asi ivo nokukurumidza vakatanga kuita famba refu munyika. The Vaviri vakaroorana muna 1926 uye vakasarudza kushandisa zita vasanganiswa Joliot-Curie, pashure vabereki vake yakakurumbira.

zvibereko kubatsirana

Nobel Nhoroondo Irène Joliot-Curie nomurume wake Frederic akatanga zvidzidzo kwemajoini tsvakurudzo. Ivo vaviri akasaina basa ravo kwesayenzi, kunyange pashure 1932, Irene akagadzwa musoro murabhoritari. Averenga pamusoro kuedza masayendisiti German Walter Bothe uye Hans Becker pfungwa dzavo pfungwa wefizikisi renyukireya - munda sayenzi, waiva kuchangotanga. Chete pakutanga kwezana remakore, masayendisiti akawana kuti maatomu vane nechepakati musimboti zvinosanganisira chokwadi mhosva protons. Kunze vari nhingi mhosva maerekitironi. Vabereki Irene radioactivity amutsvaka, kutanga kunoitika apo nuclei kwezvimwe zvinhu emit munhu PARTICIPLE kana simba. Chokutanga pazera zvinonyadzisa Arifa nezvimedu chakatodzana mwoyo weatomu nehelium atomu pamwe mhosva mbiri dzakanaka. In basa rayo, award Nobel Prize, kuti Curie Sr. yakawanikwa kuti vamwe radioactive zvinhu emit nezvimedu nenzira dzose, oneka hwaro.

renyukireya Fusion

In yezvirwere ake, Irene Joliot-Curie vaikwanisa kuwana huru chaizvo uwandu mwaranzi inopisa munyika, zvinoti polonium, zarurai vabereki vake. Izvi kwemakemikari chaikosha inongorira Alpha nezvimedu iyo Irene naFrederick rinoshandiswa kunotutirwa dzakasiyana-siyana zvinhu. Muna 1933, ivo wakabhombwa zvavo aruminiyamu core. Mugumisiro aiva radioactive phosphorus. Aluminum Kazhinji ane 13 protons asi kana tichiona Alpha nezvimedu vane mhosva mbiri dzakanaka tsanga zvaunoswedera zvakawanda protons, pova phosphorus. The zvichiguma makemikari chaikosha yakasiyana zvepanyama - yaiva yake radioactive isotope.

Vatsvakurudzi kuedzwe nzira Arifa nemwaranzi uye nezvimwe, vakaona kuti kana Alpha nezvimedu dhumhana pamwe maatomu ivo exchange muvira chimwe chinhu chete hombe wandei protons. Irene uye Frederic Joliot-Curie kusika chakagadzirwa radioactivity. Vakashuma pamusoro Chiitiko of Academy of Sciences muna January 1934.

The Nobel Prize

Opening Joliot-Curie akanga zvikuru kwete chete nokuda yakaisvonaka nesayenzi, asiwo ayo akawanda mafomu. Munguva 1930s, isotopes dzakawanda radioactive avapo, izvo zvaishandiswa Sezviratidzo mune zvokurapa Diagnostics, uyewo zvakawanda kuedza. nzira kubudirira chakaita mamwe masayendisiti vaedze renyukireya simba kusunungurwa.

Yaiva This duku nokuda Irene Joliot-Curie. Garai usingatsananguriki anofarira, asi mai anorwara aiziva kuti mwanasikana wake aitarisirwa kuti vakaziva, asi iye akafa muna July wegore iroro kubvira neleukemia kunokonzerwa-refu kugara nemwaranzi. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Joliot-Curie vakadzidziswa basa Nobel Prize. Kunyange zvazvo vakanga zvenyukireya yefizikisi, vaviri vakagamuchira mubayiro mu kemisitiri nokuda nezvemigumisiro Zvavakawana mumunda uyu.

Mukuwedzera, Irene uye Frederic akava varidzi zhinji honorary madhigirii uye vakuru Legion Kukudzwa. Asi mibayiro izvi chinenge asina kukanganiswa. Poetry kuverenga, kushambira, chaienda, Skiing uye musango tiri kufarira dandadzo, Irene Joliot-Curie. Children Hélène uye Pierre akakura, uye akava kufarira evanhu kufamba uye zvematongerwo enyika. Mwari ariko pamwe leftist maonero, Irene akanga tisimudzire vakadzi suffrage. Aiva mutevedzeri achishumira Popular Front hurumende Leona Blyuma muna 1936, akabva akasarudzwa purofesa panguva Sorbonne muna 1937.

atomu nokupwanya

Kuramba basa rayo mumunda wefizikisi mukunopera 1930s, Irene Joliot-Curie vakaperekedza kumwe kuedza ane Nyuturoni bombardment kuti uranium exchange nuclei. With collaborator ake Pavlom Savichem akaratidza kuti uranium exchange inogona rwakakamukana dzimwe radioactive zvinhu. Her chikuru kuedza rwakagadzirira nzira imwe yefizikisi Otto Hahn, uyo akaratidza kuti uranium exchange Nyuturoni bombardment anogona kuiganhura vachiita maatomu maviri akafanana uremu. Fani iyi yakava hwaro kushandiswa chaikwo mabhomba simba - Chizvarwa simba renyukireya uye zvombo zvenyukireya.

Pakutanga Yechipiri World Irene akaramba zvidzidzo muParis, kunyange zvazvo murume Frederick pachivande. Ivo vakanga vari chikamu French nemishonga sangano, uye muna 1944, vana Irene vakaenda kuSwitzerland. Pashure pehondo, iye akagadzwa mukuru Radium Institute, uyewo rinobvumirwa chirongwa French yenyukireya. Akapedza mazuva ake murabhoritari, uye akaramba kupa hurukuro uye kuti mharidzo pamusoro nyaya radioactivity, kunyange zvazvo utano hwake zvishoma nezvishoma hwakaipa.

Irene Joliot-Curie: A Biography maitiro

Frederick, nhengo Communist Party kubva 1942, akanga akadzingwa musoro French Atomic Energy Commission. Pashure paizvozvo, vaviri vacho vakatanga vanotsigira kushandisa renyukireya nokuda norugare. Irene aiva nhengo World Peace Council, uye akaita zvakawanda nzendo kuti Soviet Union. Yakanga kukwirira "Cold Hondo", uye nokuda zvematongerwo enyika Irene chakarambwa nhengo iri American Chemical Society, kushandisira nokuti iyo nyaya muna 1954. mupiro wake wokupedzisira wefizikisi chaiva chokubatsira pakasikwa hombe PARTICIPLE akisarareta uye rabhoritari muna Orsay, zasi Paris, muna 1955. utano Her hwaipa, uye 3/17/56 Irene Joliot-Curie akafa, sezvinoita amai, kubva neleukemia somugumisiro hombe vanosvika nemwaranzi dose.