"Mabhiriji echirwere" Makuva eVolkovsky, St. Petersburg: tsanangudzo, zvinhu uye nzvimbo

Mukufamba-famba kubva pachiteshi chemasitiriti "Volkovskaya", munharaunda yemakuva eVolkovsky, kune nechecropolis yakakurumbira inonzi "Literary Bridge". Iyo chivako chinokwezva nokuti ndiyo nzvimbo yekuviga yevanhu vakawanda vakakurumbira vaigara muzana remakore XIX ne XX: vanyori nevanyori, vanyori nevatambi, masayendisiti uye nhamba dzevanhu vanovigwa pano. Kubvira muna 1933, kumakuva kunonzi kwakavharwa, asi mune zvisingawanzoitika, zvichiri kuvigwa. Kusvikira iye zvino, vashanyi vanogona kuona mabwe ematombo anopfuura 500, anomiririra zvose mutsika, nhoroondo uye maitiro ekugadzira.

Kuti uzive tsika yemutengo iyo chinhu ichi, zvakakosha kutaurwa ndiani anovigwa pa "Literary Bridge" yeColkovsky Makamera.

Historical background

Makuva chaiwo akavakwa muna 1756 uye ainge aitirwa varombo. Kwemakumi emakumi emakore nzvimbo yacho yakanga isati yasvika, yakanga yakaoma kusvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo nekuti kwakanga kusina migwagwa kana nzira.

Nhoroondo yeThe Literary Footbridge yeVolkovsky Makoronike muSt. Petersburg yakadzoka kare muna 1802, apo munyori anozivikanwa uye munyori wevanhu vose Alexander Radishchev, munyori we "Travels kubva kuSt. Petersburg kuMoscow" akavigwa pano. Nzvimbo yeguva haisati yazivikanwa, dombo rakaiswawo risina kuchengetedzwa. Zvisinei, ruzivo pamusoro pekuviga runowanikwa mumasangano echechi, uye muna 1987 chikwata chekuyeuchidza chakakonzerwa mu necropolis.

Kuvigwa kwokutanga

Imwe yekuvigwa kwokutanga yakatanga kare muna 1831, apo Anton Delvig, shamwari yePushkin, akavigwa kuVolkovsky Emakuva. "Bhiriji yemabhuku" panguva iyoyo yakanga isipo sechimwe chinhu chechimiro chakasiyana, uye madota emudetembi akatamirwa kumakuva aTikhvin weAlexander Nevsky Lavra makore mazana mashanu gare gare, asi, mune zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nekuumbwa kweNecropolis, chiitiko ichi chinofanira kuonekwa.

Muna 1848, muongorori akakurumbira VG Belinsky akavigwa pano, uye muna 1861 NA Dobrolyubov. Mifananidzo yavo iri pedo kune umwe neumwe uye yakakomberedzwa nejairo-cast iron fence. Pedyo pane imwe nyanzvi inozivikanwa yemudzimai, DI Pisarev.

Kuguma kweXIX - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20

Gare gare, kusvika kumagumo ezana remakore rechi19, vanyori vakakurumbira ME Saltykov-Shchedrin, IS Turgenev, NS Leskov, AI Kuprin nevamwe vazhinji vakavigwa pano. Muzana remakore rechi20, apo mamwe maguta emuguta akasarudzwa kutamiswa kana kuparadzwa, zvakasara zveIA Goncharov, AA Blok nevamwe vanyori vakakurumbira vemabhuku eRussia, unyanzvi, nesayenzi vakaendeswa kuNecropolis. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvisinei, zviratidzo zvisingakanganwiki zvaiendeswa, asi kwete madota emunhu akafa.

Pasinei nechokuti chinangwa chematongerwe enyika chinonzi "Literary Bridge", masayendisiti, vashanduki, vamiririri vemabasa akasiyana-siyana vakakunda mukurumbira uye kuremekedzwa mumunda wavo webasa vanovigwa kuVolkovsky Makoronike. Vanachiremba vanozivikanwa, vadzidzisi veP IP Pavlov naVM Bekhterev, muumbi weperiodic table yezvinhu zvemakemikari DI Mendeleev, mufambi uye ethnographer NN Miklukho-Maclay, muvambi werimhanzi AS Popov, vakavigwa pano.

Muna 1935, chinhu icho chakava chikamu cheNational Museum of Urban Sculpture.

Nzira yekuenda sei

Girazi remasimoni riri pedyo raunogona kusvika necropolis ndiro Volkovskaya. Mubvunzo wokuti ungasvika sei ku "Literary Bridge" Volkovsky kumakuva, haafaniri kubuda: pakarepo mushure mekubuda kubva mumatare unogona kuona makuva kune rumwe rutivi rwomugwagwa. Nzvimbo yaidiwa, uko necropolis iripo, iri kuchamhembe chikamu chemakuva. Saizvozvowo, kuitira kuti zvizadzise chinangwa, mushanyi achange achida kumukomberedza kumativi ose, achifamba nemuganda pamwe chete Kasimovskaya Street, achipfuura kuKamchatka.

Imwe nzira ndeyokubva paOvodny Canal gare gare uye kutora bhasi iri nhamba 74, kuenda kunzvimbo yaunoda. Zvinotora matanho manomwe, nzvimbo yekupedzisira yemugwagwa ichange iine kuruoko rworudyi maererano nekutungamira kwemugwagwa.

Pakupedzisira, iwe unogona kubva kuLigovsky Prospekt station uye kumirira nhamba yezvigwaro 49 kana 25. Zvimwe nzira idzi dzinokutora kuLitarian Bridge, uye kuti uone kuti hauna kukanganisa, iwe unogona kukumbira mutungamiri kuti akuzivise nezveimira inoda. Chinangwa cherwendo munyaya iyi chichava kuruboshwe.

Kushanda maawa nemafurati

Nzvimbo yemaitiro yakasununguka kuti inoshanwe pakupera kwevhiki, uye pamasvondo masikati - asi kunze kweChishanu, apo museumusi usingashande. Maawa okuzarura eThe Literary Bridge "Volkovsky kumakuva munguva yezhizha - kubva pa10 kusvika ku19 mune chero ipi zvemazuva akataurwa. Pakati paSeptember naMay, kupfuurira kunharaunda inoitwa kubva maawa 10 kusvika ku17.

Mukuwedzera, pane marwendo akasiyana-siyana, panguva iyo vashanyi havagoni kungotarisa nzvimbo dzevamwe vakuru, asiwo vanodzidza zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwavo, uyewo nhoroondo ye necropolis pachayo, inonakidza kupfuura iyo inogona kuonekwa pakutanga.

Mutengo wetikiti yekushanyira kuzvimiririra ndeye zana makumi matanhatu chete, uye zvezvikamu zvevanhu vanove neropafadzo - 50 rubles. Mutengo wekufambisa unogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekureba uye unotangira kubva ku1000 rubles. Panguva imwechete musi weChishanu, apo "mabhiriji echiThatari" emakuva eVolkovsky akavharwa nokuda kwekushanyira zvimiririra, basa rekufambisa rinowanzoitwa nenzira inowanzoitwa.

Kuti uwane ruzivo kana kufamba kwekuvakira, iwe unogona kushandisa nhamba yefoni inoratidzwa panzvimbo yepamutemo yewebhu.

Mukupedzisa

Hazvizivikanwi nei nei necropolis yainzi "Literary Bridge", nokuti kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwakawanikwa pano nevamiriri vemabasa akasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, mukushanyira nzvimbo ino kune chimwe chinhu chinonyora-muvakidzani unobatanidzwa mumhepo kwete mumakuva, asi chimwe chinhu chemararamiro anochengetedza chiyeuchidzo chemazana evanhu vane mukurumbira uye kunyange vanhu vakakurumbira vakasiya mararamiro avo munhau.

Kunzwisisa kwekuti vanhu vanoziva uye vanoda mabhuku kubva paudiki, avo vane mabasa akafambira mberi nyika nesayenzi yesayenzi, vanogara munyika ino, vanoita chido chekudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo uye nhoroondo yenyika yavo. "Mabhiriji echirongwa" emakuva eVolkov anomiririra chikamu chechifananidzo cheguta uye kuchengetedza kurangarira kwevanhu vane mazita akakodzera kuyeuka nekuremekedzwa kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.