"Mona Lisa" ( "Mona Lisa") nokuda Leonardo da Vinci - kwakajeka chisikwa muuki

Vanopfuura gumi nevaviri makore, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, unyanzvi kare, vatori venhau uye vanhu vanofarira gakava zvakavanzika "Mona Lisa". Chii zvakavanzika kunyemwerera kwake? Ndiani chaizvoizvo inobudisa mufananidzo Leonardo? Gore negore Louvre anouya miriyoni 8 vashanyi achida kunakidzwa zvisikwa zvake.

Saka sei nokuzvininipisa vakapfeka mukadzi uyu ane chiedza, kwangopera oneka kunyemwerera, akatora kudada nzvimbo pamusoro pakagadzirwa nematanda pakati kunozivikanwa zvisikwa dzimwe vemifananidzo zvikuru?

yakakodzerwa mukurumbira

Ngatitangei kukanganwa kuti "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci - kwakajeka kusikwa the artist. Chii tinoona pamberi pedu? Ane simba kunyemwerera nechiso vachitarisa kwatiri asisiri jaya, zvakafanira akapfeka mukadzi. Iye haasi akanaka, asi chinhu mairi mwoyo neziso. Kubwinya - inoshamisa chinoshamisa. Mediocre mufananidzo asingadi kubatsira kusimudzira hapana kushambadza, uye "Mona Lisa" - kadhi of yakakurumbira Florentine, aizivikanwa yose.

mufananidzo unhu uhwu hunoshamisa mariri ari kumusoro pamwero consolidates ari nebudiriro Renaissance. Pano kwenzvimbo tisingazvioni pamwe mufananidzo, kuti Fafitera wacho anopenya chinotungamirwa panguva anozivikanwa mamiriro "kontrposto" pyramidal sezvamunoita ... Nzira iri panoita: mumwe thinnest akaturikidzana vari seari musi mumwe chete pashure yapfuura chakaoma. Kugamuchirwa "sfumato" Leonardo akaita nomufananidzo utsotso zvinhu, bhurasho akapa hurukuro dzedenga, akamutsa mutambo chiedza uye mumvuri. Ndiro huru ukoshi kusikwa da Vinci kuti "Mona Lisa."

pasi rose pamutemo

Kuti vemifananidzo vaiva mafeni vokutanga "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci. Paintings of XVI remakore ari chaizvoizvo akazara tichingoda simba pamusoro "Mona Lisa." Somuenzaniso, mukuru Raphael: aiita achirwara Leonardo, Mona Lisa zvinhu zvinogona ukabatwa mufananidzo florentinki mu "Lady pamwe Unicorn", uye chii chinonyanya kushamisa, kunyange munhu asian Baldasara Castiglione. Leonardo, asingazivi, akasika munhu chinooneka vavo vateveri, izvo Vaisangana zvinhu zvitsva zviri painting, kutora sezvikonzero mufananidzo "Mona Lisa."

Dzhordzho Vazari, emhizha uye uri wenhoroondo, akatanga kushandura shoko mukubwinya "Mona Lisa". In ake "Upenyu nomukurumbira Painters ..." akadana mufananidzo naMwari pane munhu, mukuwedzera, akapa kupima ichi, pasina nokusingaperi kuona mufananidzo mupenyu. Munyori kunongoratidza akaratidza Kazhinji kubvumirana, richipa "Mona Lisa" mukuru nomukurumbira pakati madenderedzwa ounyanzvi.

Abvunza kuti mufananidzo?

The chete uchapupu sei vakaenda kusikwa mufananidzo ndiwo mashoko Giorgio Vazavi, uyo anoti ari mufananidzo akakunda mudzimai Francesco Giocondo, mumwe Florentine tycoon,-makore 25 Mona Lisa. Anoti kuti apo da Vinci kupendwa Portraits, dzakaripoteredza kuramba vairidza nembira uye vakaimba, uye dare jesters tiine akanaka mwoyo, imhaka kunyemwerera ichi Mona Lisa ndiko saka munyoro uye inofadza.

Asi pane zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti Giorgio zvakanga zvakaipa. Chokutanga, musoro vomusikana rinofukidza chifukidziro kuchema wechirikadzi, uye Francesco Giocondo akararama upenyu hurefu. Chechipiri, nei Leonardo haana kupa mufananidzo mutengi?

Zvinozivikanwa kuti the artist haana kusiya pamwe mufananidzo asati afa, kunyange zvazvo akanga akapa mari guru mumazuva iwayo. Muna 1925, vatsoropodzi vanoti mufananidzo ndohwaJehovha mwene Dzhuliano Medichi - chirikadzi, Costanza d'avalos. Gare gare Carlo PEDRETTI zvinganaka imwe nzira: kunogona Pachifika bandanas, mumwe vatenzi PEDRETTI. Aiva chirikadzi Spanish wamambo, akanga vakadzidza zvakanaka, akanga wakafara unhu uye graced nokuvapo kwavo chero kambani.

Ndiani chaiye Mona Liza Leonardo da Vinci? Opinions anosiyana. Zvichida ichi ndicho Mona Lisa Gherardini, zvichida Isabella Gualando, Filiberta Savoyskaya kana Pachifika Brandão ... Ndinoziva sei?

Kubva mambo mambo, umambo kune umambo

The zvakakura vateresi vaiva Madzimambo XVI remakore, ndiko pfungwa dzavo aifanira kukunda chigadzirwa kuputsa kubva yakamanikana mudenderedzwa kuremekedza vemifananidzo. Nzvimbo yokutanga paakange makwapa mufananidzo pamusoro Mona Lisa, aiva zvokuishambidza Mambo Francis I. The mambo wakaiswa ikoko zvino kwete nekuda yekuzvidza kana kusaziva vamwe kupenya basa asvika, nekusiyana, rinokosha nzvimbo umambo French kwaingova rakarurama iri Fontainebleau. Ikoko mambo ikafamba, uchinakidzwa pamwe tenzikadzi wake, akagamuchira nhume.

Pashure Fontainebleau kupenda "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci akashanyira madziro Louvre, Versailles, ivo Tuileries, maviri emakore iye akafamba kubva kumuzinda kumuzinda. Gioconda chisvibiswe zvikuru nokuda vakawanda havana kubudirira zvachose restorations akanyangarika vake nevagari vayo uye vaviri mbiru shure. Kana mashoko aigona kutsanangura zvose kuti ndakaona Mona Lisa shure masvingo French dzoushe, mabasa Aleksandra Dyuma sokuti yakaoma uye hakunakidzi mabhuku.

On the "Mona Lisa" Wakanganwa?

Muzana XVIII remakore, zvachinja pasi kunozivikanwa mifananidzo. "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci akangoti haana aenderane parameters pakati nerunako classicism uye shepherdesses zvoufuza Rococo. Pakutanga, iye hwakatamisirwa Vashumiri nzvimbo, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanga Akanyura kudzika uye kudzika kurutivi vakuru vakuru roruvanze chero bedzi yaiva imwe pazvakanga makona Versailles, uko aigona kuona chete cleaners saka kuduku vakuru. The kupenda haana kuiswawo pakati dzakaunganidzwa akanakisisa mifananidzo mambo French, vakaisawo kuruzhinji muna 1750.

Zvinhu zvakachinja French Revolution. Mufananidzo, pamwe nemamwe nechisimba kubva kuunganidzwa Mambo wokutanga miziyamu muna Louvre. It Vakawana kuti, mukusiyana madzimambo, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, kwete kwekanguva mapfumo pasi kusikwa Leonardo. Fragonard, nhengo Committee Convention, wakagona zvakakwana vaongorore mufananidzo uye akafunga kuita mazita chinokosha zvipenga miziyamu. Pashure paizvozvo, mufananidzo aigona kuyemura kwete chete namadzimambo uye courtiers, asiwo vose zvakanaka miziyamu munyika.

Izvi mhirikiro siyana kuti kunyemwerera Mona Lisa raMwari

Sezvaunoziva, kunyemwerera kunogona-siyana kwezva, bitingly chinopunyairireiko, kunyara, kana kufara. Asi hapana tsanangudzo izvi hazvisi akakodzera. Mumwe 'nyanzvi' zvinotaurwa kuti munhu anofananidzirwa pamufananidzo ava nepamuviri, uye vanonyemwerera mukuedza akakunda kufamba azvarwa. Mumwe anoti ari kunyemwerera Leonardo, wake mudiwa.

Mune rimwe anozivikanwa shanduro inoti "Mona Lisa" ( "Mona Lisa") - kuzvipira mufananidzo Leonardo. Munguva ichangopfuura, achibatsirwa kombiyuta akaenzanisa anatomical zvaiva Mona Lisa uye da Vinci vanhu kuti kuzvidzora asian, nokubuda pamwe dzvuku penzura. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti vari machisa akakwana. Zvakaratidza kuti Mona Lisa - hadzi hypostasis shasha, uye wake kunyemwerera - kunyemwerera kuna Leonardo pachake.

Nei Mona Lisa kuti kunyemwerera wasvava, ikaramba zvakare?

Patinotarira pane mufananidzo wacho Mona Lisa, zvinoita sokuti kunyemwerera kwake hakusi kugara: ikafa, ipapo anoonekazve. Nei izvi zvichiitika? Chokwadi chokuti pane musimboti chiratidzo, inotaurawo mashoko, uye peripheral, hazvina pachena kudaro. Saka, zvinokosha kuti kuisa meso ako pamusoro miromo Mona Lisa - kunyemwerera nokupera kana iwe kutarira ako kana edza kufukidza chiso yose - iye vanonyemwerera.

Nhasi "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci muna Louvre. Nokuti zvinenge zvakakwana hurongwa wokudzivirira nawo aifanira kubhadhara vanenge 7 $ miriyoni. Unosanganisira bara regirazi, ichangobva aramu maitiro uye zvikuru zvakagadzirirwa chirongwa kuti anotsigira zvakafanira microclimate mukati. Panguva iyoyo, mari mufananidzo inishuwarenzi iri $ 3 billion.