Ndeupi rudzi rwechitendero icho maJapan anotaura? Chitendero chevanhu vezviwi zveJapan

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Japan ndeimwe yenyika inotungamira nyika mundima yesayenzi uye teknolojia, sangano rezvematongerwe enyika uye rekutengeserana. Asi, pasinei nechishamiso chezvoupfumi chakaitika munharaunda iyi mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, vanhu vayo vachiri kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo. Ndiye iye anosiyanisa maJapan kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Hungu, tsika yavo yakakwereta zvizhinji kubva kune vamwe vanhu. Asi vakakwanisa kubudirira kugadzirisa zvose zvitsva kumitemo yavo. Zvisinei, chimiro chisina kuchinja chetsika yeNyika yeZuva Rinosimudza ichiri chitendero chenyika yeJapan.

Folk beliefs

Pasinei nekubudirira kukuru kwekombiyuta yemashoko, kuvanhu veJapan, tsika dzeJapan hachiri chakavanzika. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune zvitendero zvekare. Kana iwe uchibvunza kuti rudzi rwechitendero chinonzi chiJapane, vazhinji vachati Buddhism. Asi kutaura uku hakusi kwakakwana, sezvo dzidziso iyi yakapinda muzvitsuwa zveChina chete muzana remakore VI. Yaiva panguva iyoyo apo vatongi veBuddha vokutanga vakatanga kuuya kunyika idzi . Vakauya nemabhuku matsvene akanyorwa mumutauro wavo. Mubvunzo unotevera unomuka: rudzi rwechitendero zvakadini nevaJapan vasati vauya Buddhism?

Masayendisiti akaratidza kuti pakutanga vanhu vose vaiva nekutenda kwavo, izvo zvaireva imwe tsika yechitendero, isiri yechipatano chekuita kwechechi. Icho chaive chinyorwa chezviito uye pfungwa dzaive dzakavakirwa pazvitendero, kusarura, nezvimwewo.

Machechi ekare

MuJapan, kwenguva yakareba, vakanamata zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Chimwe chezvinyanya kupararira chaiva chechitendero chekoko. UMwari mufananidzo wemhuka iyi ine muviri wemunhu uye chikonzero chakatsaurirwa kutemberi dzakanaka, dzakasara kusvikira nhasi. Ikoko kunounganidza vanhu avo vanozviti mapenzi. Kudonha mumuviri kune rwiyo rwembongoro uye vaprista vekare vachichema, vanofunga kuti vanobatanidzwa nemweya mutsvene, vachivatumira chipo chevakaratidzwa, vanogona kufanotaura nezveramangwana.

Mukuwedzera kune maruva, maJapan anonamatawo zvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu, somuenzaniso, nyoka, turtles, dragonflies uye kunyange mollusks. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, mhuka huru yaiva mhumhi. Ainzi mudzimu wemakomo eOmami. Varimi vaigara vachimukumbira nezvekudzivirirwa kwezvirimwa uye ivo pachavo kubva pamatambudziko akasiyana-siyana, vabati vehove - pamusoro pokutumira mhepo inopfuura, uye zvakadaro. Pamusoro pezvinonzi chitendero cheJapan muzvokwadi uye kuti chii, ngatiedzei kunzwisisa nyaya ino.

Shinto - nzira yevanamwari

Maererano nekuzivikanwa kwevose masayendisiti, chitendero chekare pazvitsuwa zveJapane zvakatanga zvakasiyana neChinese, uye zvivimbiso zvezvakaitika zvayo zvisati zvawanikwa. Inonzi Shinto, kana nzira yevanamwari. Muzvokwadi, kune vakawanda veJapan, mavambo uye chinangwa chechitendero ichi hachisi chakakosha, kwavari ivo panguva imwe chete tsika, nhoroondo uye hupenyu pachahwo.

Shinto inogona kuenzaniswa nemhemberero dzekare, uye zvinoreva uye chinangwa cheShinto pachayo ndeyekusimbisa huzivi hwechimiro cheJapan uye huMwari hwevanhu vayo. Maererano nechitendero ichi, akatanga kuve mambo (mikado), iyo inobva mumweya wekudenga, uye ipapo mumwe wevaJapan - vana vake (kami). Muchiitiko ichi, madzitateguru, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo mweya yevakafa vanogara vemhuri, inoonekwa sechinhu chinonamatwa.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa

Mhemberero huru dzechitendero dzeShinto idzi mbiri dzekuunganidza nhema - Nihongi neKojiki, yakanyorwa nedare ramambo pashure pe712, pamwe nemashoko akazara neminamato yekare nemitambo - Engisiki. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotenda, sezvo izvi zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakaonekwa zvakapera kupfuura zviitiko zviri mubvunzo, pangangodaro pane imwe nzira yakatsausa tsika dzekutanga dzekunamata uye zvitendero zveShinto. Asi, chero zvakadaro, munhu anogona kuona kubva kune avo vekare veJapan, avo vanamato uye tsika dzavo dzakanyanya kunyanya kumativi emhuri dzavo uye mhuri, uyewo mazororo ezvekurima, hupenyu hwehupenyu.

VaShaman, avo vaishumira sevanamati uye vachitaura nevatendi nokuda kwemadzitateguru avo (kami), vaionekwa sevarwi vakarwa nemweya yakaipa. Vakadana vanamwari, vachishandisa panguva imwechete Kagura - tsika dzechitendero ichi dhani dzvene, inoitwa nevasikana vaduku. Mumwe anogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti zvakawanda zvemaitiro echiJapane, mimhanzi nemabhuku zvinobva mumitambo yekare yeShaman.

Mhemberero dzechitendero

Inonakidza zvikuru maonero enyika, iyo yakakwanisa kuumba chiJapan chichitenda. Chitendero cheShinto chakavakirwa pamagariro mashanu ezvinyorwa, uye chekutanga chazvo chinonzwika seyiyi: nyika haina kusika Mwari - yakasimuka pachayo, uye haisi yakanaka chete, asi yakakwana.

Pfungwa yechipiri inoimba simba rehupenyu. Maererano nezvinyorwa zveJapan, zvekutanga zvepabonde zvakaitika pakati pevamwari. Ndokusaka tsika uye hukama hwepedyo pakati pemurume nemukadzi mupfungwa dzeJapane hazvibvumirane. Kubva pane izvi zvinotevera kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa zvinofanira kuremekedzwa, uye zvinhu zvose "zvisina kuchena" zvinotongwa, asi zvose zvinogona kucheneswa. Pamusana pekutenda kwakadaro, maJapan anowanzogadzirisa chinangwa chero chipi zvacho chemazuva ano, kuchenesa nekuchigadzirisa maererano netsika dzavo.

Pfungwa yechitatu yeShinto ndiyo kubatana kwezvakaitika uye zvisikwa. Ichi chitendero cheJapan hachiparadzisi nyika kune vapenyu uye isina upenyu, kureva, mumunhu, mhuka kana chimwe chinhu, anorarama Kami. Uyu huMwari haagari mune imwe nyika, asi anorarama nevanhu, saka vatendi haafaniri kutsvaga ruponeso mune imwe nzvimbo-nguva dzose iri pedyo, muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Pfungwa yechina ndiyo polytheism. Sezvo chiShinto ichibatana zvikuru nemwari wemadzitateguru, yakabuda kubva mumachechi anorumbidza rudzi rweimwe nzvimbo. Zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzakasanganisa zvakatanga kutungamirira kune imwe yunifanana chete kune yechishanu kana yechitanhatu yemakore, uye panguva iyoyo, apo mambo akatonga kutora basa rezvitsvene zvose zveShinto. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhipatimendi yakasikwa yakanyora runyora rwevanamwari vose veShinto, iyo yakazove isina kana kupfuura, asi 3132! Nokufamba kwenguva, nhamba yavo inongowedzera.

Chitendero chenyika yeJapan

Pfungwa yekupedzisira yeShinto ine nyika-mupfungwa. Maererano naye, vanamwari veKami havana kusika vanhu vose, asi vanhu veJapane chete, saka vanenge vose vagari venyika yeRising Sun vanoziva kubva kumubhedha kuti iye ndeyechitendero ichi. Dzidziso yakadaro yakaumba maitiro maviri ehutano. Kune rumwe rutivi, kami inosanganiswa chete nevechiJapane, saka inotarisa uye inoseka kana munhu wekune imwe nyika anotanga kupupura kuti chiShinto. Kune rumwe rutivi, munhu wose anotenda Shinto anogona kuva musimboti weimwe dzidziso yechitendero panguva imwe chete.

Chitendero Chekuita

Pakarepo zvakakosha kutaura kuti hupenyu hweShinto hwakasiyana kwazvo, kunyange hunova hukuru hwepamusoro penzvimbo tsvene. Zviratidzo zvenyika tsvene ndeye thorium, iro suwo guru, rinoyeuchidza tsamba yechiGiriki "P" nemitsetse miviri yakanyanyisa. Uyezve, munzira inoenda kunzvimbo huru yekuvaka, nzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti vatendi vabve.

Nokusika maitiro avo emitambo, maJapan, avo chitendero chavo, sezvazvakaitika, chakasiyana zvikuru kubva mune zvimwe zvitendero, zvinozviparadzanisa muzvikamu zvakawanda. Panzvimbo yekuremekedzwa, nguva dzose ane sintai (kubata kweKami). Vanogona kunge vari bakatwa, chishongo kana girazi. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iyo yakashandiswa haisi chinhu chinonamatwa: vatendi vanonyengetera kuna Mwari anogara mune chinhu ichi.

Kunatswa tsika

Zvichida chinhu chakakomba pamusoro pake ndecheJapan. Chitendero cheShinto chinoda chikonzero chakanaka. Nemuenzaniso, mukadzi anoenda kundonamata asina kusvika panzvimbo yakakwirira inofanira kumira kuti aite bhatiro yekushambadzira. Pashure pacho, anopisa zvinonhuwira kana kupa zvipo, achidonhedzera mari mubhokisi rinokosha rezvipo.

Kuswedera kunzvimbo tsvene, mukadzi anofanira kutendeukira kusangana neatari uye, achikotamisa musoro wake, achirova maoko ake kaviri, uye ozoisa maoko ake muzviso zvemichindwe pamwechete. Iyi tsika ndeyekudana kwaKami, asi inogona kuitwa pamba. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mune dzimba dzakawanda dzeJapane kune kami-dana - madiki madzimai emhuri apo tsika yekuremekedza madzitateguru inoitwa.

Mhemberero dzechitendero

Zororo guru reShinto ndiro Matsuri gore negore, iro mune mamwe machechi rinogona kupemberera kaviri pagore. Izwi iri rakabatanidzwa mupfungwa yemutambo wose, unosanganisira kwete chete chitendero cheJapan, asiwo nzira yehupenyu hwavo. Kazhinji mitambo yevanhu iyi inobatanidza nekukohwa kana kutanga kwebasa rekurima, pamwe chete neye zuva ripi neripi rekuyeuka rinosanganiswa nenhoroondo yezvimbo tsvene pachayo kana kuti mwari weko.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti maJapan, avo vane chitendero chavo chekutonga, sekuronga mhemberero dzinoshamisa. Nezvevo, vashandi vetemberi vanozivisa zvisati zvaitika, naizvozvo, mazororo eMatsuri anowanzosangana nemapoka makuru evanhu, vanoita mhemberero uye mumitambo yakawanda inofadza. Mamwe matsvene anokonzera mhemberero pamwe chete nemitambo yakaisvonaka.