Nhoroondo Brazil: dzinonakidza chokwadi uye zviitiko anokosha

Nhoroondo Brazil chinhu chinofadza zvikuru munda kuongorora. In nyika South America ichi chikuru emakore akawanda, akasiyana-siyana yakavhenganiswa tsika. Naizvozvo, zvinofadza uye azere zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu nhoroondo Brazil. Muchidimbu nezvazvo ichakurukurwa pakudzokorora uku.

Brazil pamberi kuwanikwa kuburikidza vokuEurope

Nhoroondo Brazil pamberi hwomukova vokuEurope yayo akadzidza kwete tangofanana tingadai wandaida. Country inogarwa siyana Indian namarudzi: kurwadza, mitambo, guazhazhara, Mundurucu, Tupi, etc. Vakanga vasingadi vaiva yakasarira anongofamba uye Semi-anongofamba upfumi .. Kunyange kwaiva zvirimwa zvokurimwa Somuenzaniso, musi Marajó Island.

Uyewo zvichikosha yokuIndia madzinza ose Brazil ari pre-dzayaitonga kunyange pedyo zvakadini kwezvisikwa yavo mamiriro.

Kusvika vokuEurope kuBrazil

Akanyatsosiyana achinja nhoroondo Brazil, pashure pakuvhurwa yayo European. First akazarura nyika kuti Old World rwendo Portuguese Pedro Alvares Cabral, kusvika kumhenderekedzo Brazil ano muna 1500. nzvimbo idzi Cabral akadana Earth Vera Cruz (Cross True), asi makore mashoma gare gare yakanga kunzi Nyika Santa Cruz (Holy Cross). Gare gare mune zita "Brazil", maererano nezita rimwe miti akakura pano. Mukuwedzera, akawana nyika itsva kunobva nhare dzokurwa duku - Fort Seger, iyo rinoshandurwa senzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Nokuti mufambi uyu Brazil yakasvika dzimwe nzendo dzakawanda dzeEurope. Kakawanda nyika iyi vakatanga kushanyira Portuguese, kunzwisisa chii rich izvozvo ane uye kuti anogona kuunza korona Portuguese. Uyezve, nyika idzi vaionekwa nokuda Portuguese weboka nyika muna 1494 pakati kuPortugal Spain.

yaitonga Brazil

Asi zvechigarire vanotama kubva Portugal kuna Brazil akatanga kugara chete muna 1530. San Vicente rakaumbwa (1532) uye Salvador (1549). Yokupedzisira yakava muzinda munzvimbo.

Brazil achakurumidza kuva pakati kugadzirwa shuga ipwa. Tikava chirimwa ichi, kunyanya yakawanda yabva varanda dema African.

In yokutanga yezana XVII remakore Portuguese vakanga vagere Brazil, aifanira kurwa hondo yakaoma pamwe Dutch, uyo aizviti chikamu mundima idzi. Uyewo, Portuguese Colony yave kuwedzera ndima yayo kure negungwa.

muzinda

Mushure nevarwi French Emperor Napoleon dzatora ndima Portugal, chiPutukezi Korol Zhuan VI vayambuka pamwe dare rake Brazil, paakange aita yaaigara muRio de Janeiro. How Brazil ane, haana kuenda danho iri - hazvizivikanwi, asi chimwe chinhu chiri pachena: raiva kutanga idzva yenhoroondo kwayo, kana kurega kuva nyika.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange pashure Napoleon akasarudzwa Joao VI aisada kudzokera kubva Brazil kuna Lisbon. Akaita saizvozvo chete muna 1821, pasi kufurirwa Portuguese revatongi yeChina. MuBrazil, akasiya mwanakomana wake Pedro muna chinzvimbo pakati Viceroy. Asi kana paramende Portuguese akaedza kuparadza zvachose kuzvionera of wokuBrazil, Pedro akaramba pasi uye akaparidza pachake mambo. Kubvira panguva ino rinotanga Countdown nhoroondo Brazil mamiriro.

mwanakomana kana muna 1826 chiPutukezi Korol Zhuan VI baba Brazilian Emperor Pedro ndakafa, vakaramba kuva woumambo Portugal, uye vakasiya chigaro munyika mwanasikana wake muduku. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, munin'ina wake Miguel akakunda muzukuru. Saka, Pedro I abdicated choushe rokuBrazil vachifarira mwanakomana wake mucheche Pedro II, uye iye pachake akaenda Portugal kushevedzera kuti kutora basa.

Under Emperor Pedro II Brazil akava simba simba, anokwanisa dictating ezvinhu dzavo kondinendi. Panguva Empire paiva reorientation pakati maindasitiri specialization munyika pamwe kurima shuga nomudonzvo iri kurima kofi. Uranda ari kuramba yakarideredza kuti mamiriro kusvikira pakupedzisira rakarambidzwa 1888.

pokugadzwa imwe zvokuvhoterwa

Zvisinei, pasinei wehurumende kubudirira, nhoroondo Brazil akanga achinja zvikuru nokukurumidza. Nyika iri kuramba vachiwedzera kusimba Republican mauto. Muna 1889, Mambo Pedro II Akabviswa mune pasingashandiswi ropa nevapanduki. Brazil akava batana zvokuvhoterwa.

The nguva kubva 1889 kusvika 1930 rinonzi Old Republic. Munguva ino nguva munyika makanga dzakatevedzana yokumukira, kunyanya kupandukira muna Navy (1893-1894 gg.) Uye canudos kumukira (1896-1897 gg.). Panguva World War First, Brazil pamutemo akaita kurutivi Entente, asi mubatsiri chaiyo yakanga usingashandi.

Nguva hwoudzvinyiriri

Muna 1930, The Old Republic yave chinenge zvachose sezvo pamusana kubvuta masimba vakauya simba enyika simba inotungamirwa Getulio Vargas. Pakutanga, bhodhi Vargas akaita vakagamuchirwa dzakatevedzana mitemo mberi, kusanganisira Constitution, uyewo vakadzi vakapiwa kodzero dzokuvhota. Asi hurumende nokukurumidza akava reactionary uye yechiFascist unhu vawana. Vargas akatanga kutevera rinopikisa mauto, uye muna 1937 akataura ezvinhu yokukurumidzira, ichiputswa reCongress uye pave of facto udzvinyiriri.

Pasinei nokuti Vargas hurumende iri mhando zvairatidzika nevaNazi muHondo Yenyika II, akabatana ari Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa uye wokuBrazil akatuma varwi kuti kumberi.

Pashure pehondo, Vargas akamanikidzwa kusiya. The Second Republic hwagadzwa, umo purezidhendi aimbova kuzvidzivirira mushumiri pasi Vargas Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Uyewo, bumbiro idzva rakazoshandiswa. Muna 1951, Vargas akasvika simba zvakare, zvino sezvo president Democratic Republic, asi muna 1954 pasi tsarukano, akanga akazviuraya.

Akatevera Mutungamiri Zhuselinu Kubichek akatamira guru kuti inovakirwa kuti chinangwa ichi, guta - Brazil.

Muna 1964, rimwe uto nevapanduki, umo yepamusoro panhengo vehondo vakabata simba munyika. Ichi hurumende anomanikidza enyika kusvikira 1985.

The ano Danho

Asi nemakore 80s, zvakava pachena kuti aisagona kutanga zvinobudirira munyika ano panguva imwe chete, Brazil. Munyika nhoroondo akachinja zvakare muna 1985 apo mauto kumanikidzwa vanhu vaimanikidzwa kuti cede simba. Democratic sarudzo dzakaitwa, panguva iyo electors akasarudzwa mutungamiri Tancredo de Almeida Nevis, nokukurumidza akafa. mabasa ake akatanga kuita Vice President José Sarney. Bumbiro idzva rakagamuchirwa muna 1988.

Muna 1989, yokutanga kubva 1960 sarudzo emarudzi purezidhendi. Ivo vakakunda Fernando Collor. Zvisinei, makore maviri gare gare iye akapomerwa uori uye impeach naye. mugumo akadaro vaitirwa kare muna 2016. President Dilma Rousseff. Her mutsivi aiva Michelle Timer.

Pari, Brazil ndiyo imwe mari kukurumidza kuwedzera nyika munyika. Uyezve, zviri pakati shanu kupfuura uye kupfuura vakawanda nyika munyika.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Tinodzidza sei kukudziridza pamusoro emakore muBrazil. Historical zvinhu zvinogona anorayiridza kwete chete, asiwo dzinonakidza. Vamwe vavo tozotaura nhasi.

The guru ano pamusoro Brasilia akasikwa 1960 maererano nepurani mapurani Oscar Nimeiri. Zviri rimwe gotwe maguta makuru munyika. Brazil - yechitatu guta guru Brazil , pashure Salvador uye Rio de Janeiro.

The kupfuura guta guru pane ose Brazil ndiyo Sao Paulo, uyo kumbova mamiriro guru.

Brazilians majini zvikuru ano ari munhurume mutsetse vari vazukuru Portuguese, uye rwaamai - vamiririri madzinza Indian emo.

In Rio de Janeiro, munyika chiratidzo yakatarwa - Statue waKristu muBrazil. Nyaya ino 38-mita-soro Monument inotanga muna 1922. Zvino akatanga kuvaka kwayo, uye chiitiko chaiva mhemberero yacho Centenary wenyika nyika rusununguko. Construction rakapera muna 1931. Zvino chifananidzo kunozivikanwa somumwe ano Nomwe Wonders of World.