Nitrates uye nitrites. The manyowa of nitrates. Nitrates nezvokudya uye mvura. Nitrates - a ...

Mumwe nomumwe wedu kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwake nomubvunzo nemigumisiro wokushandiswa mishonga pamwe nitrates. Nokuti mumwe musangano rakadaro akaramba zvishomanana intestinal nyonganyonga, uye mumwe akakwanisa kuchipatara kwenguva refu akatarira nokungwarira chero michero uye miriwo vakatenga pamusika. Ekunyebera nesayenzi nzira uye kushayikwa ruzivo chakagadzirwa nitrate romugungwa, vanokwanisa kunyange kuponda, asi zvinokosha tinyatsoziva izvi pfungwa nani.

Nitrates uye nitrites

Nitrite - a nitric iine acid munyu, vane chimiro crystals. Ndivo nyore soluble nemvura, kunyanya inopisa. In muindasitiri akamboona vari vakazvigadzirirwa Absorção de Água pamusoro nitrous magasi. Kushandiswa pakuwana madhayi sezvo oxidizing mutumwa ari Whitehead Textile uye simbi Mazinga sezvo zvisaora.

Nitrates - mumwe munyu nitric acid, dzaimbova zita nitrate. Vari vakawana pashure yokuwana nesimbi, nitric acid, uye voga vane oxidants simba chaizvo. Nyore soluble mumvura. nitrate manyowa ndepana kutonhora pamusoro mazana matatu madhigirii chilis. The chikuru mafomu ose nitrate - ndiko zvokurima, asi vamwe yeimwe yaishandiswa pyrotechnics sezvo zvinoputika, uyewo zvinoumba chitundumuseremusere mafuta.

Nitrate basa muupenyu miti

Mumwe zvina zvinokosha vanoumba muviri mhenyu senitrogen. It zvinodiwa kwetunhu mapuroteni mamorekuru. Nitrates - a munyu mamorekuru ane anodiwa huwandu senitrogen kuti chirimwa. Yokuita zvinoitwa muchitokisi, izvozvo ipfupi kuti nitrite munyu. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, kuburikidza hochekoche nemakemikari anosvika amoniya. Uye iyewo, kunokosha kuti paumbwe chlorophyll.

Natural manyuko nitrate

Kwainyanya kubva nitrate iri hunhu ivhu pachayo. Kana Organic zvinhu zviri mairi, mineralizing - akaumba nitrates. Nokumhanya izvi kunobva panyika kushandiswa, ekunze uye ivhu mhando. Nyika harina yakawanda senitrogen, saka vanoona vasiri kushushikana paumbwe inokosha mari nitrates. Kunyanya sezvo zvokurima basa (ambopinda, disking, zvachose kushandisa chicherwa fetiraiza) kuderedza uwandu makemikari senitrogen.

Saka, njodzi dzinongoitika matsime haagoni kunzi munhu dzinosvibisa Pasi Pevhu uye kuunganidza nitrates mune miti.

anthropogenic zvinyorwa

Conventionally anthropogenic anogona kuva rakakamurwa zvokurima, maindasitiri, uye utility. chikamu chokutanga chinosanganisira fetiraiza uye dongo mhuka, yechipiri - the nemaindasitiri mvura uye dongo. kukanganisa kwavo pamusoro kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza haisi chete uye kunobva chaizvo mumwe chaiyo nharaunda.

Kutsunga nitrate mu Organic zvokuvakisa vakapa zvinotevera results:

- vanopfuura 50 muzana - kunokonzerwa pakukohwa;
- vanenge 20 muzana - mupfudze;
- kuti 18 muzana kusvika dzomumaguta matunhu neminisiparati tsvina;
- zvose - zviri nemaindasitiri.

The kukuvadza zvikuru chakakomba akaita kuti senitrogen fetiraiza, izvo chakaunzwa ivhu kuti vawedzere zvibereko. Manyowa of nitrates muvhu uye zvinomera, anoumba rimwe yakakwana mari nitrites kuti poizeni. Intensification zvokurima chete exacerbates dambudziko. The soro pamwero nitrates muchicherechedza huru maiiswa izvo vanounganidza mvura pashure kudiridza.

The nezvainoita muviri

Nitrates uye nitrites vokutanga wogadzirisa pachavo vari pakati manonwe. Zvadaro, muna vanachiremba Central Asian hwakanyorwa yaizotangira visi nomuchetura. Nokufamba kuferefeta kwayo vakawana kuti zvibereko zvakaipa pamwe Ammonium nitrate uye zvimwe vachitova overdone. Pashure chiitiko ichi, mishonga uye zvipenyu kunzwisisa adzidze nesungano pakati nitrates vane zvipenyu, kunyanya murume.

1. The nitrates ropa kushamwaridzana Chizenga, uye oxidized constituent simbi yacho. Izvi unoumba methemoglobin, usingagoni kutakura oxygen. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokuvhiringidzirwa cellular afemeruke uye oxidation pamusoro pezviri kwezvakatipoteredza.
2. Kukanganisa homeostasis, nitrates kubatsira ikure anokuvadza microflora ari dumbu.
3. In miti, nitrates akaderedza vhitamini kugutsikana.
4. An ovhadhozi pamusoro nitrates kunogona kukonzera pamuviri kana kurara dysfunction.
5. In chisingaperi chepfu kubudikidza nitrates kuderera kwazvo ayodhini uye thyroid compensatory kuwedzera.
6. Nitrates - a chikungiso raivapo kukura namamota ari zvomudumbu hurongwa.
7. nitrates Most dose panguva kungaita kuti achipera nokuda chimbichimbi kuwedzera midziyo duku.

Muviri kuti nitrate mumuviri

Nitrates - rinobva amoniya, izvo, anowira pasi muviri mapenyu midzi muna muviri uye kuzvishandura. In shoma, havaiti kukonzera dambudziko. Nezvokudya nemvura nitrates vari kunakidzwa dumbu, kupfuura kubva muropa parutivi chiropa uye yabudiswa pedyo neitsvo. Uyezve, ekukurerai nitrates kupinda mukaka.

Panguva muviri nitrates dzikava nitrites, oxidized simbi iri Chizenga Morekuru uye kuvhiringidza ari kufema cheni. Kuti kuumba methemoglobin magiramu makumi maviri, zvakakwana mumwe chete milligram kuti yavaibvisa nitrite. Kazhinji methemoglobin kuwanda mu yeplasma hakufaniri kusapfuudza kuchitsauko muzana. Kana mufananidzo uyu hunopfuura matatu, pane chepfu, kana zviri pamusoro mashanu - koda nguva zvinouraya.

Kudzora pachiyero methemoglobin mumuviri vane metgemoglobinreduktaza. Izvi chiropa enzayemu kuti anogadzirwa muviri, kubvira mitatu kurarama.

zvazvingava bvumidzwa pamusoro nitrates

Chokwadi, rakanakira munhu - kuti tisabatwa nitrates uye nitrites pamuviri, asi haina kuitika muupenyu chaihwo. Naizvozvo, kuti utsanana-epidemiological chiteshi, vanachiremba makasimbisa dzemunharaunda pane zvinhu izvi, izvo zvisingagoni kukuvadza muviri.

Nokuti munhu mukuru ane uremu anopfuura makumi manomwe makirogiramu anonzi bvumidzwa dose 5 milligrams por kilogram kurema muviri. Pasina mutsekwende utano vakura vanogona kumedza kusvika hafu giremu pamusoro nitrates. In vana, ichi mufananidzo kupfuura avhareji - 50 milligrams, zvisinei uremu kana zera. Panguva iyoyowo ane chepfu mucheche zvaizova zvakakwana, uye cheshanu dose ichi.

Maipfuura nevaitenga Entry

Wana chepfu kubudikidza nitrates zvinogona alimentary nzira, kureva kuburikidza zvokudya, mvura, mishonga uye kunyange (kana ane nitrates, munyu). Vanopfuura hafu rugwaro dose of nitrate anopinda munhu ane yakachena miriwo uye zvomumagaba zvinhu. Zvakasara dose anopinda kubika, nomukaka zvinhu uye mvura. Uyezve, chikamu chiduku zviri nitrate uye metabolic zvigadzirwa yakabereka endogenously.

Nitrates iri mvura - chiri chiitiko kutaura. Iye - waifarirwa solvent, saka rine kwete chete mamineral kuronda kudiwa vakajaira upenyu hwevanhu, asiwo muchetura, chepfu, mabhakitiriya, helminths, zvinova causative vaishandira zvirwere ngozi. Maererano neWorld Health Organization, nokuda murombo kwemvura gore negore kurwara vanhu vanenge mabhiriyoni maviri, uye dies vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu.

fetiraiza Chemical ane Ammonium munyu percolate kuburikidza ivhu uye tigopinda pachivande madhamu. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuunganidza nitrate, uye dzimwe nguva nhamba yavo rinosvika mazana maviri milligrams por fő. mvura chitubu iri yakachena, sezvo abudisa kubva zvakadzika akaturikidzana, asi vawane muchetura. Vagari vekumaruwa vane tsime remvura vanogamuchira zuva masere milligrams ose nitrates kubva neimwe ity yemvura ukanwa.

Mukuwedzera, nitrate tigutsikane iri fodya zvakakwirira zvokuti vanosvuta vane refu kumira chikonzero chisingaperi chepfu. Ichi chimwe nharo vachida pakurwisana anokuvadza tsika.

Nitrates zvokudya

Panguva kubika huwandu nitrates mune mishonga izvi ipfupi kwazvo, asi panguva imwe chete kutyora mitemo okuchengetera anogona vanetsane. Nitrites, zvikuru zvine chepfu vanhu, vari aumba pamusangano tembiricha inobva gumi kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu madhigirii, kunyanya kana kuchengetera zvokudya nzvimbo apo kufefetedza ari murombo, uye pane kukuvadza pamusoro muriwo kana vakatanga kuora. Nitrites uyewo kuumbwa thawed miriwo, Ukuwo, yakadzika nechando kunodzivisa paumbwe nitrites uye nitrates.

Under optimum okuchengetera zvinhu kunogona kuderedza uwandu nitrate mu zvibereko kusvika makumi mashanu kubva muzana.

nitrate chepfu

Zviratidzo nomuchetura kubudikidza nitrates:

- blueness nemiromo, chiso uye nzara;
- svoto uye kurutsa inogona kurwadziwa mudumbu;
- yellowness of nevachena kwameso, ropa zvituru;
- nomusoro uye hope;
- kuoneka kupfupika mweya, palpitations, uye kunyange kurasikirwa chavanoziva.

Aikanganiswa uturu ichi hwakasimba pasi ezvinhu ose hypoxia, somuenzaniso mumakomo kana carbon monoxide chepfu kana simba zvinwiwa kudhaka. Nitrates kupinda ura, apo yepanyama microflora metabolizes kuti nitrites. Nitrite wefodya unopinda systemic kuparadzirwa uye chokuita hemoglobin. Zviratidzo nomuchetura wokutanga inogona kutsiviwa kweawa panguva yakakwirira kwokutanga dose, kana maawa matanhatu kana uwandu nitrates yaiva duku.

Yeuka kuti rikwanise chepfu kubudikidza nitrates mu kuonekwa rakafanana doro kudhaka.

Hazvibviri vaparadzane hwedu kubva nitrate, nekuti izvi kuchachinja munzvimbo zvose zvoupenyu hwevanhu: zvokudya kubereka. Zvisinei, tinogona kuedza kuzvidzivirira rokurara kuparadzwa, zvinotevera mitemo nyore:

- Wash michero nemiriwo vasati vachidya;
- chitoro zvokudya sefiriji kana zvikuru akashongedzerwa Zvivako;
- achinwa kucheneswa mvura.