Pamwaka vashandi: tsananguro. Murimi mudiki pamwaka vashandi - iyi ...

Shoko rokuti "vashandi nemwaka" akazviratidza kare vakawanda ichi chinoshamisa zvava chinowanzoitwa huru Russian hweRoma. Temporary, kazhinji basa pamwaka akapa varimi isingawanzowanikwi mukana kuvandudza mamiriro avo emari uye vabudirire zvakawanda pachavo uye nemhuri dzavo.

Vashandi pamwaka. tsananguro

Zvichienzaniswa zvavo vanhuwo zvavo, vaigara kunyika yavo, vashandi pamutemo anotaurwa vanhu mukupara raanoziva basa uye kutengesa basa simba ravo kurutivi. Uyu ari oga evanhu stratum, izvo rakamuka pakati XVII remakore, nokukurumidza zvakawedzera uwandu nhengo dzayo, uye wokutanga yezana XIX remakore, chiitiko ichi kwazopararira. Murimi mudiki vashandi pamwaka - vanhu vakanga vasara misha nemisha, uye akatuma kuguta, apo chete akatanga kuva bhizimisi uye aine mukana mari dzakasiyana sectors hwenyika.

Ndivanaani vashandi pamwaka?

Yokutanga Vashandi pamwaka - ndiwo vanhuwo zvavo vakaenda basa pamwaka mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Unknown nemhizha akasvika guta rake vane mwero Chishandiso uye zvakasikwa mumaguta ekare ounyanzvi makuru namabwe namatanda mapurani.

Kuwedzera miganhu wokuRussia wehurumende aifanira kugara Kusimbaradza cordons uye kuvakwa maguta itsva uye dzakavakirirwa. basa rakadaro aifanira kugara inflow webasa simba, iyo aigona kupa chete nemwaka vashandi-vanhuwo zvavo. Fani iyi kunonyanya kuoneka kuvaka maguta chitsva nechokuchamhembe kwenyika, kusanganisira itsva guta Imperial - St. Petersburg.

Pamwaka vashandi XVII-XVIII remakore

Legal chinodiwa Kubuda vanhuwo zvavo kubva kunzvimbo yokugara yaiva murayiro 1718, izvo kwakatsiva nemba yake oga mitero mari mutero (yokuvhota). Kukurukurwa zvose kubhadhara mutero-vanhurume. Natural yesosaiti vakanga yakatsiviwa zvikwereti zvemari, uye kubatsira chero mari yakanga yakaoma nomutauro wake musha. Mukana racho miti omunharaunda uye mafekitari anongoda vasipo - the indasitiri yakanga ichangotanga kutanga, uye mukuru zvakasimbisa zvoupfumi akapiwa inflow vemamwe guta. Equipment nokuti mafekitari Russian aiwanzogara kupinza, zvikuru migwagwa kushumira gungwa, rwizi, mugwagwa-akaedzwa zvokutengeserana, mabhizimisi saka guru rakamuka pakutanga chete mumaguta makuru.

Vashandi pamwaka uye basa pamwaka rakanga nokudzorwa magwaro dzakawanda - mapasipoti. Kazhinji, pasipoti yakadaro akapiwa murimi nokuda kwegore, asi pakanga vamwe zvitupa ane ukoshi nguva yakanga pfupi. Kazhinji mukutanga chitubu vashandi pamwaka vakasiya guta. Ndaifanira kufamba zviuru makiromita, kazhinji yose nzira vashandi pamutemo akatora nzvimbo netsoka. Paaienda kune varimi izvi kazhinji kupemha. Muguta murimi mudiki vashandi pamutemo vanoripirwa mushandi ari private imba, kuti kambani kana kuita shamisa mabasa bundu chitsama muripo.

MARARAMIRO pamwaka basa XIX remakore

In yechipiri yezana XIX remakore rakanga rakataku- murimi mudiki kuchinja, pasi izvo varimi vanowana munhu rusununguko. Asi nyika iyo vakashanda, akanga ari nhaka landlords achiri. Vakawedzera nhamba landless vanhuwo zvavo vaiva kukwanisa pachavo kana mhuri dzavo zvokudya. Ukuwo, kukura capitalist ukama zvakasimbisa kukura indasitiri, izvo rakagara richidudzirwa kare pfungwa iri guru mumaguta Russia. Saka, chete mukana yokuwana guta akaramba.

Kuedza kutirambidza basa pamwaka

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore XIX vashandi pamwaka inonzi vazhinji vanhuwo zvavo akasarudza dzomumaguta mararamiro. Mune dzimwe enyika, nhamba yevanhu havo basa pamwaka, yakasvika kota murume mukuru vemo. Kuderedza uwandu varimi kushanda munyika, vakamanikidza hurumende kugamuchira painogumira. Kuti vawane mumwe womukati gwaro yaibvumira sangano munyika, kuti murimi mudiki aifanira kuva mune kumaruwa munharaunda, kodzero caffeine kubva kunyika abhadhare muridzi yokubhadhara zvakavakodzera. Asi kuzvidzora matanho vakauya chete kukwana zvabuda. Somuenzaniso, pashure zvemitemo zvakagadzirwa muna 1901 Lyubimsky District Yaroslavl mudunhu 12715 vanhu nemwaka vashandi varimi 849 chete vakanga vadzokera kumusha.

Stratification nzanga iri zvakatipoteredza yevashandi pamutemo

The kuzoita wokuRussia mamiriro yechipiri yezana XIX remakore zveupfumi vakatanga chirongwa pfuma stratification ose evanhu strata. The vakapfuma Vashandi pamwaka - ndiwo munda chaiyo varidzi, hotels uye mumaresitorendi, zvitoro. Vamiririri ava mukuru vezvokutengeserana bourgeoisie gara vanenge 5% pakati uwandu pamwaka vashandi.

Uye 70% vaiva nhengo itsva dzomumaguta pakati kirasi basa iri maindasitiri, muna mukugadzira, kuvaka uye dzimwe sectors hwenyika. Pakupedzisira, inenge kota uwandu muchikwata ichi vokuparidzira vaiva vashandi pamwe minda. vanhuwo zvavo kwakadaro kukabatanidzwa basa nemwaka pamwe kubudiswa munyika yavo.

upenyu hutsva

News of inobvira mari vakauya kumusha nemwaka vashandi. Chiitiko ichi zvinokosha muupenyu musha. Tichidzokera ake chizvarwa musha maguta kure, pamwaka vashandi, vanhuwo zvavo uye akashandura upenyu hwavo, uye upenyu hwemhuri yake kubva. nzira vokumaruwa upenyu achinja, imba yake yaiva mudziyo zvikuru ano. The simba guta vakaputsa nheyo vanongogara musha. Kusiyana nevamwe varimi nemwaka vashandi - koda teetotal uye tenzi mhizha, yakanaka muridzi unyanzvi hwake. In imba yake vashandi pamwaka vakauya vachibva kumaguta makuru anoshamisa kwezuva nezuva zvinhu uye kunyange umbozha - eparafini mwenje, samovars, fenicha, zvipfeko, gramophones. Zvose izvi chokuita vemo varimi vane kumbotamba upenyu guta. For pavasikana wakanganwa misha , yaiva enviable bato. Unobatanidza hwake nomurume wake, asi wakanaka pabonde aigona netariro yakaronga upenyu uye yakakwirira munzanga.