Protein biosynthesis: uone uye yakajeka. mapuroteni biosynthesis mumasero mapenyu

Kudzidza pezvakaitwa kuitika mumuviri, unofanira kuziva chii chinoitika cellular chechetere. Asi pane chinokosha basa iri reDare mapuroteni yeimwe. Zvakakosha kuongorora kwete chete basa ravo, asi muitiro pakusika. Saka zvinokosha kuti kutsanangura biosynthesis mapuroteni pfupi uye yakajeka. Grade 9 nokuti ndizvo zvakanaka. Panguva iyi, vadzidzi ruzivo zvinokwana kunzwisisa nyaya.

Mapuroteni - chii uye chii chavanoita

Izvi macromolecular yeimwe basa rinokosha muupenyu chero muviri. Mapuroteni vari Polymers, kureva kuva dzakawanda dzakafanana "zvidimbu." nhamba yavo dzinosiyana mashomanana zana kusvikira chiuru.

Muchitokisi, mapuroteni mabasa akawanda anoitwa. Great ndiko basa ravo, uye nenguva dzakakwirira kwevari sangano: munyama uye zvomukati zvikurukuru novimba kwakarurama nokushanda siyana mapurotini.

Somuenzaniso, vose mahormone vari mapuroteni mavambo. Asi izvi zvinhu kudzora pezvakaitwa zvose mumuviri.

Chizenga - chete mapuroteni, inoitwa nematunhu zvina zvine chokuita pakati pesimbi atomu. mamiriro kwakadaro kunoita masero matsvuku eropa takura oxygen. Yeuka kuti vose membranes vane ayo anoumba kwemapurotini. Ivo zvinodiwa kuchinjwa zvinhu kuburikidza muchitokisi hamvuropu.

Kune akawanda anoitwa mapuroteni mamorekuru, zvavakanga ubudise pachena uye pasina mubvunzo. Izvi yeimwe zvinoshamisa zviri siyana chaizvo, kwete chete nokuti mabasa ake muchitokisi, asi chivako.

Kunodiwa kwetunhu

The ribosome ndiyo organelle iyo kunosvika chikuru chikamu muinonzi "mapuroteni biosynthesis." mugwaro 9th akasiyana kuzvikoro chakasiyana maererano purogiramu yokudzidza zvipenyu, asi vadzidzisi vazhinji vanopa zvinhu pamusoro organelles chinotangira pakudzidza rokushandura.

Saka, vadzidzi hakuzovi kwakaoma kuyeuka zvinhu akafukidzwa uye rakachengeteka. Unofanira kuziva kuti musi iwoyo organelle imwe chete polypeptide cheni anogona akasika panguva. Hazvina kukwana kusangana zvose zvinodiwa muchitokisi. Naizvozvo, yakawanda ribosomes, uye kazhinji vanenge zvasangana endoplasmic reticulum. EPS Izvi zvinonzi hasha. Kubatsira "pamwe" vakadaro zvakajeka: mapuroteni usage pakarepo pashure inowira ari chokufambisa chiteshi, uye zvinogona kutumirwa pasina kunonoka kuti kuenda.

Asi kana tinofunga pakutanga, kureva kuti kuverenga mashoko kubva DNA, zvinogona kunzi biosynthesis mapuroteni mumasero mapenyu kunotangira musimboti. Zvaiva imomo kuti synthesized mutumwa RNA, rine majini remitemo.

Raida zvinhu - amino acids, kubatana kwetunhu nzvimbo - the ribosome

Kunenge kuti zvakaoma kutsanangura sei yacho mapuroteni biosynthesis, muchidimbu uye zvakajeka, muitiro zano uye vakawanda vanodhirowa kunokosha. Ivo kuchabatsira kuunza zvose mashoko, uyewo vadzidzi vachakwanisa kuyeuka nyore nayo.

Chokutanga, nokuti kwetunhu zvakafanira "Dzinovaka" - amino acids. Vamwe vari zvinoberekwa muviri. Vamwe vanogona chete yavaiziva zvokudya, dzinonzi zvinokosha. Uwandu amino acids - maviri, asi nokuda kuwanda nzira iyo vanogona kuiswa refu cheni mapuroteni mamorekuru siyana chaizvo. acids izvi zvakafanana mumwe nomumwe marongerwo asi radicals zvakasiyana.

It ehupfumi zvikamu izvi neimwe amino asidhi kusarudza kuti chii mamiriro "waanodzikisira" kunoguma cheni, zvichava kutanga quaternary chivako nevamwe nemaketani, uye chii zvivako vachatora zvichiguma macromolecule. Muitiro mapuroteni usage havagoni kuitika chete cytoplasm, kuti ribosome vanoda nokuda kwazvo. organelle ichi rinoumbwa subunits maviri - huru neduku. Panguva yokuzorora, ivo ichiparara, asi paaingodzikisa rinotanga kwetunhu, ivo pakarepo kubatana uye kutanga basa.

Kwakadaro ribonucleic siyana uye anokosha asidhi

Kuti vatore amino acids kusvika ribosome, tinofanira chaiwo RNA, inonzi zvifambiso. Kuderedza yayo akasarudzwa tRNA. Izvi chete-nezano Morekuru ari muchimiro cloverleaf anokwanisa kuisa chete amino asidhi kusvika vakasununguka kuguma uye kuendesa kuti nzvimbo mapuroteni usage.

Mumwe RNAs vanobatanidzwa mapuroteni usage, akadana chizvaro (ruzivo). It anotakura zvakaenzana chinokosha pakuderedza of kwetunhu - bumbiro remitemo, iro zvakajeka chinyatsotsanangurwa apo dzimwe acids amino kuomerera zvichiguma mapuroteni cheni.

Morekuru uyu chete cheni mamiriro zvinosanganisira nucleotides uyewo DNA. Kune vamwe kusiyana chikuru maumbirwo nucleic acids, izvo unogona kuverenga kuenzaniswa nyaya pamusoro RNA uye DNA.

Information pamusoro Zvinoumba puroteni M-RNA rakagadzirirwa kubva mukuru curator of majini remitemo - DNA. Muitiro kuverenga deoxyribonucleic asidhi uye M-RNA usage inonzi transcription.

It kumbowanikwa musimboti, uko kunoguma mRNA anoenda ribosome. The chaizvo chete DNA ari musimboti asingadi kuenda, ayo basa - chete kuti achengetedze majini remitemo uye zvakaitika kuti mwanasikana sero panguva nokupesana.

Pfupiso tafura huru vechikamu Mukutepfenyura

Kuti kutsanangura puroteni biosynthesis zvishoma uye zvakajeka, kuti tafura kunotodiwa. Mariri tichava kunyora zvose zvakamisa hurongwa hwavo pakuita pakupfuura ichi, unonzi shanduro.

The chaizvo chete mutoo rakasikwa munhu puroteni cheni rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Ngatimboonai nechimwe izvi zvizere. Zvadaro unogona kutsanangura nyore vose vakada mapuroteni biosynthesis muchidimbu uye zvakajeka.

Kudzidziswa - kutanga kwacho

Izvi kwokutanga mushanduro danho, sezvamakaropafadzwa duku subunit pamusoro ribosome chokuita wokutanga mamita-RNA. RNA ichi anotakura amino asidhi - methionine. Nhepfenyuro dzose rinotanga ichi amino asidhi sechinhu kutanga codon ndiye Aug, iyo inofananidzira monomer rokutanga puroteni cheni.

Kuti vazive kutanga codon, kuti ribosome uye kwete kutanga kwetunhu kubva pakati Gene kutevedzana Aug iro rinogona kuva kumativi pakutanga codon chinokosha kutevedzana kwezviitiko nucleotides. Zviri kwaari kuti ribosome anoziva nzvimbo kuti atore subunit diki.

Pashure paumbwe zvakaoma pamwe M-RNA kudzidziswa rwakazara kumugumo. Uye anotanga chikuru pavaipfuura nhepfenyuro.

Elongation - kwetunhu pakati

Panguva iyi pane zvishoma nezvishoma buildup pakati puroteni cheni. Nguva yose elongation kunoenderana nhamba amino acids vari puroteni.

Danho rokutanga kusvika duku subunit pamusoro ribosome anobatana guru. Uye kutanga tRNA chinhu zvachose. Panze, panongova methionine. Next kune guru subunit anouya wechipiri tRNA akatakura yakasiyana amino acid.

Kana codon wechipiri pazuva mRNA rinobatana anticodon pamusoro "cloverleaf", wechipiri wekutanga amino asidhi wanamatira Via imwe peptide chisungo.

Zvadaro ribosome chinokambaira mRNA chaizvo matatu nucleotides (rimwe codon), rokutanga tRNA detaches waibva methionine uye anosiiwa zvakaoma. Panzvimbo yacho ndiyo yechipiri M-RNA pakupera izvo ichimuremera maviri amino acids.

Zvadaro, muna chetatu guru subunit pakati tRNA uye muitiro rinodzokorora. Ichava kumusoro kusvikira paricharova munhu ribosome codon muna mRNA, iyo chiratidzo kuguma nhepfenyuro.

kumisa

Danho iri riri rokupedzisira, vamwe zvingaita sokuti utsinye. mamorekuru All uye organelles zviri anoramba vakashanda kusika munhu polypeptide cheni, kumisa rekukwazisa ribosome anouya pamusoro kune kugumiswa codon.

Haadi encode ipi zvayo amino acid, saka chero tRNA kana akaenda guru subunit, ivo kucharambwa nokuda mumwe mismatch. Zvadaro achipinda chiito kugumiswa zvinoita kuti kuparadzanisa rapera mapuroteni kubva ribosome.

Organelle pachayo anogona kana kuputsa kumusoro subunits maviri, kana kuti kuramba kwavo rwendo pamusoro M-RNA kunotsvaka itsva kutanga codon. Mune imwe mRNA kungava ribosomes anoverengeka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo - iri mudariro akasika translyatsii.Tolko mapuroteni zvezvinangwa anopiwa, kuburikidza iyo zvose kuchaita yayo kuenda. Uye achatumirwa apo unodiwa EPS.

Kuti tinzwisise basa mapuroteni usage, zvinokosha kuti tiongorore chii chinoshanda rinogona kuita. It kunobva kutevedzana kwezviitiko amino acids chuma. It ehupfumi vavo kuona chesekondari, tertiary uye dzimwe nguva quaternary (kana iripo) Urongwa puroteni wayo basa muchitokisi. Kuti uwane mashoko pamusoro mashandiro mapuroteni mamorekuru anogona kuwanikwa munyaya nezvenyaya iyi.

Sei kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro nhepfenyuro

Nyaya ino inotsanangura biosynthesis mapuroteni muchitokisi mupenyu. Chokwadi, kana uri kudzidza chidzidzo zvakadzama, kutsanangura muitiro zvakadzama achasiya yakawanda mapeji. Zvisinei, mashoko ari pamusoro apa dzinofanira kwakakwanira zvavo predstavleniya.Ochen anobatsira kunzwisisa kungava vhidhiyo umo masayendisiti simulated zvose zvorwendo rokushandura. Vamwe vavo vave akashandurirwa Russian, uye zvinogona kushanda chakanakisisa chishandiso vadzidzi kana chete anodzidzisa vhidhiyo.

Kuti tinzwisise nyaya nani, uye iwe unofanira kuverenga dzimwe nyaya ukama yenyaya. Somuenzaniso, anenge nucleic acids kana mapuroteni, aifarira basa.