The chishamiso chaicho munyika - zviri mhizha in Ancient Egypt

Muna 1905, Italian Archeologist uye orientalist Ernesto Schiaparelli, akaita immortalized zita rake kuwanikwa guva Nefertari, wokutanga chikuru mudzimai dzaRamses II, ndikaita imwe inoshamisa zvinoshamisa. Kurutivi pamahombekombe aNairi mhiri kubva Luxor, akawana boka Theban necropolis, uye kodzero pedyo nayo - yokugara remhizha wakavaka zvikuru temberi mupata Kings. The yokugara iri, Deir eri-Medina, ikozvino aizivikanwa ose muongorori wezvaiitika kuIjipiti somunhu "nzvimbo chokwadi", undistorted girazi rinoratidza sei mhizha vaigara muIjipiti Farao.

Deir eri-Medina yakatanga Farao Thutmoses I, anenge ari pakati muna XVI. BC. e. Zvisinei, chokwadi muri rwokugadzira zvaizivikanwa VaIjipiti vekare kare chiitiko ichi. Vanochera nyanzvi anozivikanwa zvibereko zvikuru high quality, kudanana kubva munguva (anenge 3 zviuru. BC. E.) vokutanga nendarira. Bronze uye mhangura akaita midziyo, midziyo, statuettes uye nezvombo. Iron wokutanga simbi zvokuti shoma kuti vaIjipiti vekare vaimuona senyeredzi rawa, wakatumwa kubva kudenga.
Vavezi muIjipiti yekare, kushanda nesimbi, vagara vari mutengo, asi kwakanga kusina munhu kukosha jewelers vanobata nendarama nemabwe anokosha. Vakawanda zvemaoresa uye zvechitendero unhu, anowanikwa mumakuva vanaFarao netemberi, muri unmatched saka kure, uye avo kugadzirwa zvemichina haisi kugadzirisa kusvikira nhasi.

Rimwe asingaremekedzwi boka remhizha ndivo vakashanda namapuranga. Izvi kusonganirana dhefisiti pakati yepamusoro huni: vose mabhanga murwizi akakura, kunyanya remichindwe, nemipurani asi emitsamvi. Pakati pavo zvinowanzoitwa fenicha. Anotambura bhizimisi Farao akabvumira kununura kuIjipiti kubva kunyika okumabvazuva vavore hunde dzacho, vachifora mungarava zvinodiwa. Uye kubva South kupinza Ebony inokosha umo kugadzirwa muumbozha zvinhu uye nenhumbi nokuda rokumusoro strata munzanga.

Oga vaiva nyanzvi dzokugadzira akasika ibwe nomumwe mapurani zvinhu anoshamisa makuva uye temberi. Pasinei pfupi neropafadzo nzvimbo, vari zvachose novimba mirairo Farao kana mupristi. Hapana, kunze kwavari, "kwakanyanyisa mapurani" havana zvinodiwa.

For zvavo vanhu vaida chigadzirwa ivhu uye tsanga. Vavezi muIjipiti yekare akasimbisa vakawanda kugadzirwa zvehari zvavo uye wakagadzirwa nembariro macheya, nepanhovo, tswanda. Ndiro kazhinji kuwanikwa zvemaoresa muchimiro nenhamba, reliefs, zvifananidzo zvavanamwari, vanhu nemhuka.

Production yomucheka yakatanga kusvika imba vanafarao okutanga. Vairuka pamwe hunyambiri uye zvido zvevanhu michina. Yakabudiswa nependi kuti rive razvo. About mavara nguo dzomucheka anogona ichizotongwa ruvara murals vari mumakuva uye mutemberi.

The mufananidzo kwaizova kukwana pasina kudoma kugadzirwa Papyrus, razova chiratidzo kare muIjipiti zvinokosha. The anotambura zvirimwa uye kubudiswa nomudonzvo vachengeti yokuregererwa Nile Delta, uyewo vaiva Farao. Vavezi muIjipiti yekare vakanga vaitira sengere nokusanzwira madzinde, uye akawana nhokwe kuti kunyora, kuburikidza iyo yakasvika nesu mashoko anokosha pamusoro yezvakaitika zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura.

Kubva dzakaonekwa Pavaichera pana Deir eri-Medina, zvakawanda sezvinoita wezvidimbu rakaumba mufananidzo chete, achiratidza upenyu nyanzvi dzokugadzira muIjipiti yekare. Kudivi rimwe, vaiva varanda zvakavanzika kubatanidzwa ake pakuvaka mumakuva nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo mufudzikadzi maneja, uye musha chakaparadzaniswa vamwe nyika nemasvingo marefu. Zvisinei, vakanga kurarama navakadzi vavo navana. Uye vose, zvichienzaniswa nevamwe nyanzvi dzokugadzira kuti nzvimbo yavo zvaionekwa ropafadzo.

Kubva Deir eri-Medina kunofambidzana kunoshamisa nyika yekare chiitiko - the wavanozvisunga yokutanga munhoroondo yevanhu! Hongu, mhizha muIjipiti yekare kamwe akamboda wokuburitsa kodzero dzavo pashure ivo kare akabhadhara chinhu pamabasa avo. Gwaro rinotaura ichi kunzi saka "Papyrus nenjodzi."

Uyo akambokwanisa muIjipiti, akashanyira miziyamu ake, akaona pakusikwa maoko evanhu panguva iyoyo chakavakwa chikuru zvivako, anonzwisisa chikuru chinoshamisa munyika pano - kwete mapiramidhi uye sarcophagi, asi kuti asike vanhu vavo nyore uyo aiziva zvakawanda pamusoro raanoziva rangu uye haana pa upenyu isingaswederi kwaari mubayiro wakafanira.