Aboriginal veAustralia. Aborigines vokuAustralia - photo

Aboriginal weAustralia inowanikwa munyika ino. Izvo nyika yose inoparadzaniswa nevamwe mune rumwe rudzi nerudzi rwemazwi. Vanhu vomunyika mavo vanozivikanwawo seAustralian Bushmen. "Bush" inoreva nzvimbo dzakakura dzine miti yakawanda uye miti yakaoma. Iyi nharaunda inowanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAustralia neAfrica.

General information

Vanhu vemaindimi vanotaura mutauro weAustralia. Chero chikamu chacho chiri muchiChirungu. VaAborigine veAustralia vanogara munzvimbo dzinenge dziri kure nemaguta. Inogona kuwanikwa muCentral, North-Western, North uye North-Eastern zvikamu zvekondinendi. Chimwe chikamu chevanhu vomunharaunda vanogara mumaguta.

Data itsva

Kwenguva yakareba yakatendwa kuti maAmoriginal aborigines akaumbwa zvakasiyana nemamwe madzinza eAustralia. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti izvi zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi kwezviuru zvuru zvemakore. Migumisiro yekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano inoratidza chimwe. Zvakazoitika kuti mutauro wemabhinimi weTagmanian une mazwi akawanda anowanzoenderana nemamwe mazita emadzinza ekumaodzanyemba eAustralia. Nenzira, madzinza aya anopiwa kune rimwe boka rakasiyana. Vanonzi sebazi reAustralia rerwendo rweAustralia.

Anthropology

Pachikonzero ichi, maAborigines eAustralia, mifananidzo iyo inowanikwa munyaya yacho, inotaura kune imwe tsanangudzo yemhando. Ane zvimwe zvaanoita. Nyika yeAustralia yakaratidza maitiro ehutano hweNegroid. Chimwe chinhu chaBushmen chikafu chinopisa kwazvo. Uyewo chimwe chinhu chinoparadzaniswa ndechekudzivirira misoro yepamusoro. Iko zvino yave yakasimbiswa kuti vaAustralia vaAustralia vanobva kune rumwe rudzi. Zvisinei, izvi hazviregi kutarisira kwevamwe. Kwemazuva iwayo, kupararira kwemisha yakavhengana yaive yakafanana. Mukuwedzera, inofanira kutarirwa mupfungwa kuti kune maverengi ekufamba kwemafasi munyika ino. Pakati pavo pakanga pane nguva yakakura. Yakave yakasimbiswa kuti nguva isati yatanga nguva yeEuropean colonization, nhamba yakawanda yeAborigines inogara kuAustralia. Kunyanya chaizvoizvo, zvinopfuura mazana matanhatu emarudzi akasiyana. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akataura mumutauro wavo uye mutauro wavo.

Upenyu Aboriginal Australia

VaBushmen havana dzimba kana dzimba, havana zvipfuwo. Aborigines haashandisi zvipfeko. Vanorarama mumapoka akasiyana, izvo zvinogona kusanganisira kusvika makumi matanhatu vanhu. Vanhu veAustralia vanogara maAustralia havana kana sangano rekutanga remadzinza. Vanoshayawo unyanzvi hwakawanda huri nyore hunosiyanisa vanhu nemhuka. Somuenzaniso, havakwanisi hove, kuita ndiro, kushambidza nguo dzavo uye zvinhu. Panguva iyi, panguva ino kunyange madzinza anogara mumasango eAfrica anokwanisa kuita izvi. Mukati rezana remakore rechina, zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvakaitwa. Zvadaro masayendisiti akauya kumhedziso yokuti aboriginal veAustralia vari pane imwe mutsara pakati pemhuka nevanhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwakashata kwekuvapo kwavo. Parizvino, aboriginal weAustralia ari mumiriri wevanodzoka shure.

Nhamba yevanhu vomunharaunda

Icho chiri kungopfuura mazana mana zvuru zvevanhu. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvisi zvekare, nokuti kuverengwa kwakaitwa anenge makore gumi akapfuura. Iyi nhamba inosanganisira avo vaAborigine vanogara munharaunda yezviwi zveTorres Strait. Vanhu vomunharaunda vanhu vanenge makumi maviri nezvinomwe zviuru zvevanhu. Vagari vemunharaunda vanosiyana nemamwe mapoka eAustralia. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemitemo. Vane kufanana kwakawanda neVapuans naMelanesian. Pari zvino, vazhinji veAustralia vaAustralia vanorarama kubva kune mari yehurumende nehurumende rubatsiro. Nzira dzehupenyu-rubatsiro inenge yasisina zvachose. Saizvozvowo, kuungana, kubata hove nekuvhima hazvipo. Panguva imwecheteyo, imwe chikamu chevanhu vomunharaunda, vanogara pazvitsuwa zveTorres Strait, vane pfuma yekuraira. Tsika dzechitendero zvinogara dzichiripo. Mhando dzinotevera dzevaAorigines dzinobuda:

1. The Barrides.
2. The Carpathian.
3. Murray.

Kubudirira mberi kweEuropean intervention

Musi chaiwo wekugadzirisa kweAustralia hauna kugadziriswa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvakaitika makumi ezviuru zvemazana akapfuura. Madzitateguru eAustralia anobva kuSoutheast Asia. Vakakwanisa kukunda makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe emakadzi emvura. Mari inodhura yaiva Pleistocene continental refufu. Dhovo Dingo akazviratidza muAfrica . Zvingangodaro, izvi zvaive zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwevamwe vapoteri vakauya negungwa anenge makore zviuru zvishanu apfuura. Ndizvo zvakafanana nekuonekwa kwekambani yematombo. Kunyange vasati vapindira veEurope, rudzi rwemarudzi uye tsika dzevaAustralia vaAustralia vakazvirumbidza kuburikidza nekushanduka-shanduka mukushanduka-shanduka.

Nguva yekoloni

Vanhu veEurope vakasvika pano mu XVIII yezana. Panguva iyoyo, nhamba yeAustralia Aborigines yaiva yevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri. Vakanga vakaungana pamwechete. Kuumbwa kwevanhu veAustralia kwaiva kwakasiyana chaizvo. Somugumisiro, kwaive nemadzinza anopfuura mazana mashanu ari munharaunda. Vose zvavo vaizivikanwa nesangano rakaoma revanhu. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chaiva nemitambo uye nhema. VaAustralia veAustralia vaitaura mumitauro inopfuura mazana maviri. Nguva yekoloni yakange ichiendeswa nekuparadzwa kwechinangwa chevanhu vomunharaunda. VaAustralia vaAustralia vakadzingwa munzvimbo dzavo. Vakanga vamanikidzwa kupinda munzvimbo dzakashata dzisina kunaka dzenyika. Kupararira kwechirwere kwakakonzera kuderedza kwakakosha kwenhamba yavo. Muna 1921 kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu veAustralia, vagari vomunharaunda, kunyanya, vakanga vasingasviki makumi matanhatu zvuru zvevanhu. Gare gare, mutemo wenyika wakachinja. Nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakachengetedzwa dzakatanga kusikwa. Zviremera zvakaronga rubatsiro rwehutano uye rubatsiro. Kuzara kwezviito izvi zvakakonzera zvikuru kuti kuwanda kwevanhu veAustralia kwawedzera.

Zvichizoitika kukura

Pfungwa yakadai se "vagari veAustralia" yakanga isipo kusvikira pakutanga kwa1949. Vazhinji vevagari vemo vainzi vaBritain. Mutemo unobvumirwa wakabudiswa, maererano nekuti vanhu vemarudzi ose vakava vagari veAustralia. Munhu wese akaberekerwa munharaunda iyi mushure mekunge zuva iri akanga atova vagari varo kamwe chete. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, nhamba yevaAustralia veAustralia yaiva yevanhu mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu evanhu. Inongova imwe chete nehafu yezana yevanhu vose vekondinendi.

Aboriginal mythology

Vanhu vemunharaunda yeAustralia vaidavira kuti kuve kusingogumiri kuhupenyu hwechokwadi chete. Aborigines vaidavira kuti kune nyika iyo madzitateguru avo emweya vanogara. Vakatenda kuti chokwadi chaiwo chinonyatsorondedzera. Uye saka vanoita kuti vashande pamwe chete. Paiva nekutenda kuti denga ndiyo nzvimbo iyo dzose dzepasi pano dzinosangana. Kufamba kweMwedzi neSuva kwakakurudzirwa nezviito zvevatadzi vemweya. Yakanga ichitendwawo kuti inogona kuchinjwa nemunhu mupenyu. Basa rakawanda munhoroondo dzeAborigines inotambwa nemitumbi yekudenga, nyeredzi, nezvimwewo. Vanochera matongo uye vanyori venhau dzakareba kwenguva yakareba vanobatanidzwa mukudzidza zvidimbu zviri nemifananidzo yaBushman. Kusvikira ikozvino, hazvisi zvachose zvakajeka zvakaitwa nematombo aya. Kunyanya, izvi zvinhu zvekudenga kana mamwe mifananidzo kubva muupenyu hwezuva nezuva? Aborigines vane ruzivo rwakadaro pamusoro pematenga. Zvinonzwisisika kuti vakaedza kushandisa miviri yekudenga kuti ishandise kalendari. Kunyange zvakadaro, hapana ruzivo rwokuti rwakanga rwakafanana nepamwedzi. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare kuti kwakanga kusina kuedza kushandisa zvinhu zvekudenga kuti vafambe.