Chicken Beefelder dzinobereka: zvikamu uye mazano ekuchera

Nyuchi dzinobereka bilefelder dzakagadzirwa nemudzidzi akakurumbira G. Rott mumakore makumi manomwe ezana remakore rechi20. Sevanhu vakasiyana-siyana ivo vakaonekwa muna 1980, muna 1983-84. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaonekwa. Zita rokuti "bilefelder" shiri idzi dzakagamuchirwa mukukudza guta muWest Germany, uko nyaya yose yakatanga.

Zvichemo zvezera

Kune shiri idzi dzatova mushure mushure mekuvhara zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa vakadzi nevarume. Kunyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye kunobatsira kune avo vazhinji, zvisinei kuti haisi yakasiyana. Hens of light brown hue, ne "podvodkoj" pedyo nemeso uye maronda pamashure, makanda - mamwe magetsi, munyoro-ruvara rwezhizha.

Chinhu chechipiri chinoparadzaniswa ne-bilefelders ruvara rwavo-ruvara rushoma, iyo inonzi "krill", goridhe-mutsvuku-mutsvuku kana sirivha-mutsvuku-uye-mutsvuku.

Zita rekuti "bilefelder" rakapiwa kurudziro musi waDecember 30, 1978, uye mharidzo yakaitika kunyange kare - muna 1976.

Mamiriro ehuvha nemakumbo

Majeko maererano nehutano anofanira kuva nehuro refu nepamusoro kumashure, uye mapepa - cuckoo ruvara. Chifukidzo - tsvuku kana ruvara rwebhuruki nehank pattern, majena majena nemasvi machena kana mapapiro emucheka wepakati.

Zvinguruve zvakasvibiswa zvakasvibirira kupfuura majoka, vane chifukidzo chendarama-rusty uye pattern yehakki kumashure uye elytra. Nheve dzomuswe dzinenge dzakasviba mumadzimai, asi dziri mukomana dzine grey-cucoo kumusoro nechekasi mavara kubva pasi.

Bielefelders inorema, huru shiri-nyama mazai ane nguva refu yakananga uye chifukidzo chinoputika. Vane muviri wakavhenganiswa uye muzinga wakaita mashizha pamusoro, unowedzera nemhete dzvuku uye earlobes. Varume vakuru vanokwanisa kuwana 4.5 kg, vakadzi - 3.9 kg.

Nzeve dzezafelder dzinza dzinopikisa kutonhora, saka dzinogona kurarama zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ekuRussia.

Chinangwa chekubereka

Chido chaG. Rott chaiva chokubudisa shiri isingarangwi nehosha, ine nyama inonaka, inokwanisa kupa mazai mazhinji, asi panguva imwechete ichikura nokukurumidza uye isingagumi nechando. Huchi dzinofanirwa kunge dzave dzakagadzikana uye dzinofambidzana, uye mazai avo - hukuru hukuru, chimiro chemazuva ose uye ruvara.

Izvozvi zvose akazviona mumakungwa anefelder. Pasinei nokuti iyo ndeimwe yezvinyorwa zviduku zvakanyanya zveGermany, yakakurumidza kuva yakakurumbira pakati pevarimi uye yakapararira muGermany.

Kune zvakawanda zvavo uye zvino. Mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seEngland neHolland, hadziwanikwi kakawanda kana dzakawanda, sezvo dzisiri dzega-kune dzimwe mhando dzekudzivirira, uye zvishoma zvemarudzi ehuchi dzinogona kukwikwidzana neveeffelders yekubudirira uye kunaka kwe nyama.

Birplant

Shiri dzakagara 180-200 mazai pagore, dzakasviba, asi huwandu hweii hwakakura uye hunorema kusvika 65 gramu. Maererano nechiratidzo ichi, vanofananidzwa zvikuru neWandandotts, imwe dzinza dzeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo dzisingakwanisi kusvika kune imwe nzira inosiyanisa shiri dzakasiyana dzakadai semuenzaniso, semuLeggorn White.

Vatangotanga vanotanga pamwedzi 5.5 - 6 uye, kana vakanyatsodyiwa uye vachichengetedzwa, ramba vachiita izvi gore rose. Kuwanda kwekubudirira - mumwedzi 12 yekutanga yehupenyu, shure kwaizvozvo inoderera zvishoma (asi iyi inowanzoonekwa kune shiri dzakawanda).

Mamiriro ezvinhu eusungwa

Chikumbi chekukurira chinokonzera kunyaradza uye kugadzikana kunyange pedyo neanodyisa kuitira kuti iwe unofanise kuve nechokwadi kuti zvizere. Mukudya kwehuchi dzinoda mapuroteni akawanda uye (calcium (maererano nemishonga yakakosha hove, nyama, chibage, michero yemishonga, kana, sechisarudzo, yakagadzirwa-yakagadzirwa sePC-5).

Inowanzoita tsika yekupa mbwa yakaoma kune huku kune makore ane mashanu kusvika ku55 kubhadhara mari yakawanda yemaminerari.

Birdman

Shiri dzinoda chikafu, chakakwirira-cheku chicken coop ne-perches, isina mahwendefa, zvichida nekudziya (mumamiriro ezvinhu echando chando, iwe unogona kuita pasina kupisa). Kuita zvidimbu zviviri uye katatu zvezvikwata hazvina kukodzera - zvikwere zvinoremedza, uye, vachiedza kukwira kumusoro, vachave vachibatanidza uye vachiwa pasina. Mukuwedzera, panofanira kunge kune aviary yakawanda kana munda / jindu.

Inyo kana yei here?

Kana pane chifukidzo uye ruzivo mukuberekesa shiri, unogona kutenga "kuzadza" nenzira yamazai. Kuvatakudza mune chimiro chinhu chinonyanya kukosha (kazhinji kamurairi nemurimi mazana emakiromita ari oga).

Zvisinei, kana pasina ruzivo (kana kuvimba), zviri nani kutenga kare vanhu vakuru. Kunyange zvazvo hukuku hudiki, hunoda ruzivo rwakanyanya uye kutarisirwa, kukanganisa kwakakomba nekutonhora kana kudya kunogona kukonzera chirwere kana kufa kwe shiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhou dzechidiki pazera remwedzi inoverengeka dzatove dzakasununguka, dzakashata uye hadzidi kufara mukudya.

Zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa

Imwe jongwe rimwe chete rakakwana kune vakadzi gumi veizvizvarwa. Ne mwedzi 5.5, zvakakodzera kuzviisa mumakamuri akaparadzana, kusvikira huchi hutanga kupera. Zvakakosha kubhadhara zvakanyanya kudya: kunyange zvazvo inonyanya kukosha ye calcium uye mapuroteni panguva yekukura, vanhu vakuru vehoku vanodawo kudyiwa nemavhitamini nemaminera.

Kuchengetedza kuti huku dzinopa mazai munguva yechando, nguva yemazuva ezuva rinokosha: kana iri shoma, haigoni kutorwa. Hapana purogiramu yakakwana - mumwe munhu anoita "nguva yakajeka" yezuva kubva 6am, mumwe munhu kubva pa7 kusvika 8 kusvika 22 pm.

Huchi dzakanaka dzakachengetwa kubva kune dzimwe shiri. Chikafu chekudya hachipi zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa, saka vana pamwe chete nemhou dzakakura zvinoda kuwedzera kune zvokudya zvakagadzirwa nehove, hove kana mazamu anokosha emavithamini nemaminera.

Iwe unokwanisa uye unofanirwa kupa gorosi, kabichi, saga, nyama uye bone bone , gorosi, oats, chibage, peas, soy. Oats - yakakura kwazvo-koriori, kunze kwayo inopfuma mu-carbohydrates, mavitamini uye zvinhu zvakawanda zveperiodic table. Kudyisa oat imwe, sekuita kune dzimwe mazai varimi, zvinogonawo kuitika, asi zvinodikanwa here? Zvakanyanyisa kuwedzera kune shiri yekudya mumwaka wechando-spring, muhuwandu hwe 30-50% yehuwandu hwezvokudya.

Kuti shiri hadzina kupiswa (saka dzinowedzera kukurumidza), zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa chiyero chezvokudya, asi kune ngozi yekugadzirisa pasi. Izvo zvakanyanya kuipa munguva yechando ichi - kana zvokudya zviduku, saka kutanga madiki makuru anodyiwa, uye vaduku vanogona kugara hafu nenyota. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana muridzi wacho achishandisa kuwedzera kuwedzera munguva yechando, huku dzinoramba dzichitakura uye hadzina kuwedzera mafuta akawanda.

Dyyai makuru akawandisa kamwechete kana kaviri pazuva. Uye, kana iri zhizha, iwe unogona kudururira zviyo mumidziyo, uye kubika zvokudya kwemaviri kana katatu pavhiki.

Vadzidzisi vemarudzi aya

Nzeve dzedzinza bilefelder dzine pakati pemadzitateguru avo Amrox, New Hampshire, raspberries, rod-island uye wulmer. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo imwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuDutch dzinobereka, iyo inoungana gore rose uye inobudisa mazai makuru akaenzana 70-80 g.Akabatwa muzana remakore rokutanga remakore rechi20. Vane mararamiro emhando dzakanakisisa - velumers vakasimba, ivo vari kutsvaga, vane zvokudya zvakanaka panguva ye paddock, vane unhu hwakadzikama.

Rudzi rweAmrox, rumwe rubaba rwenhefelders, rwakaonekwa muGermany mumazana makumi manomwe ezana remakore rechi19 pamusoro pekuberekorora kwemaPlymouth mavara akabatanidzwa. Idzo dzakadzikama, shiri dzakanyatsogadzikana, uyewo zvekuzvidzivirira, dzinokwanisa kupa mazai 200 pagore. Iyo yakakura zvikuru-majeko anosvika kurema kwe 4 kg, huku-2.5 kg.

Izvo zvizvarwa zvehoku muRussia hazvishamisi, ndezvimwe mhuka dzeshiri dzakabatwa nevarimi veGermany. Mavambo avo akaoma uye anodzokera kumakore ekuma1900. "Mechelen huku" (rimwe zita rezvizvarwa) rine nyama inonaka kwazvo, iyo inonyatsosimbiswa nekuti iyo huru yenyika yenyika yeMechelen (kwavanobva) ndiyo inonyanya kuvekwa yakabikwa ye shiri iyi.

New Hampshire

Iyi shiri nenyama-neyei zvose madzitateguru uye "vana vehama" yevafelders, sezvavakabatanidzwawo nekubatanidzwa kwetsvimbo-chikwata chinyorwa. Nyuchi dzezvipenyu izvi dzakanyatsosimbiswa nekunyatsosangana, mazai akanaka (200-220 zvidimbu gore pagore rinosvika 65 kusvika ku70 gramu), uyezve zvakare zvakakura-kusvika ku 4.5 kilograms yemakumbo uye kusvika ku 3.5 kune hens.

Huru dzeNew Hampshire dzisinganzwisisiki mune zvekudya uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetwa, nhasi dzinowanzoshandiswa mumashamba emagetsi ekurima uye pamba pamba. MuRussia kune shiri dzakawanda kwazvo-dzinopfuura mazana maviri emakopi.

Rhode Island

Huchi dzejenus-iland zvakare nyama-mazai uye dzakabhedzwa muUnited States muzana remakore rechina reCIXORNE, Wandot, Cornish, Cochin uye Red Malay.

Somugumisiro, dzakanaka zvinguruve zvine nyama inonaka zvinosvika, zvichipa maawa 160-170 pagore.

Kurwisa makwikwi

MuRussia Federation uye mune zvinyorwa zvekare zveUnited States zvachose, pane dzimwe mhando dzinogona kukwikwidzana zvakanyanya ne-bilefelder.

Pakati pe nyama uye mazai pane, semuenzaniso, zvakadai semuchena weLeningrad - unobereka zvibereko kwete chete kune veimba, asiwo pakuenzanisa nemhando dzose mumarudzi ose. Mhou dzakasikwa neLeningrad Institute of Poultry Farming yakawana zviratidzo zvezvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana - kuisa hens kwakapiwa zvikamu zvinenge 240 pagore (kurema-60-62 gm), zvine huwandu hwakawanda uye huwandu hwehupenyu.

Izvozvi shiri dzakabviswa nenzira yekuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa - seAustralia, veAustralia vakasarudzwa sevatsigiri, ropa ravo rakawedzerwa kumutumbi wevhenekeri.

Imwe mhando dzakanaka dzemhuka - Moscow mutsvuku, yakaiswa muAll-Union Institute of Poultry. Izvo hazviwanzozivikanwi - zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya mumapoka evanhu pamwe chete nemhuri. Zvisinei, shiri dzinosiya mazai 180 (ane uremu hwegermamu 55) uye nyama inonaka. Imwe yekuku inokura kusvika kuirema 2.4 kg, jongwe - 3.1 kg paavhareji.

Kuchinki

Dzimba-mazai ezai, akaberekwa muHurumende yePoultry Plant "Kuchinsky" muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi20, yakange yakakura kwazvo mazai ekuisa mahara emutungamiri uyu. Kuchinskaya jubilee, pamwe chetefelder, ine nhoroondo yemadzitateguru, uyewo zvepamusoro-soro - hutano hwehuchi hunokwanisa kutarisana ne 85-98% yakarurama.

Izvi zvinowanzosimudzirwa kuurawa - dzine nyama inonaka, uye mumwedzi miviri nehafu varume vanenge vaine mashekeri 1.6-1.7 kg, huku - 1.3-1.5 kg.

Muchiitiko ichi, zvikamu zvinopa 16-200 mazai gore negore.

Kuchinskaya jubilee chicken isinganzwisisiki, inogadzirirana kumagetsi uye zvakananga mapepa. Kurema panguva imwe chete kunosvika 3,0 kg yevakadzi uye 3.7 kg - kwevarume.

Izvo zvinyorwa zvevanhu vakuru hazvive zvakaoma zvikuru, maererano nemasimba evanhu vanogara kumaruwa kana mumaguta vanogara - mumamiriro ezvinhu echando chaiyo vanogona kurarama mumatanda emapuranga kana akavharwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa uye pane tsvina yakakwana yekuchera mairi.

Muchirevo chezviratidzo, shiri idzi dziri kuswedera kune imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira muRussia uye kazhinji dzinosangana mumapurazi ega, chiRussia chichena. Yakabviswawo kubva kuLeygorns, chete mapundu emarudzi aya akange akabatana nehove dzisiri dzekuzvarwa.

Mugumisiro, wakagamuchirwa muna 1953 (uye kushanda pakuzadza kwakatanga muna 1929), wakapfuura zvose zvinotarisirwa: kuzvidya pakudya uye shiri dzakasimba dzine uremu hwe1-1-1 kg yevakadzi uye 2-2.5 kg yevarume, Unokwanisa kupa zviyero zvemaawa 200-230 pagore, uye dzimwe nguva kusvika mazai 300 pagore. Panguva imwecheteyo, shiri idzi duku dzinopesana nekutonhora, leukemia, neoplasms, carcinomas uye chirwere cha Marek uye vanonyanya kuoma.

Nhamba yepamusoro yekududzirwa kwemaRussia machena yakaitika muna 1965, zvisinei, sezvo vakanga vachiri pasi pe "madzitateguru avo" Leygorn, muna 1990 vanhu kubva mamiriyoni 29.7 mamiriyoni vakanga vawira kusvika mamiriyoni 3.2.