Mumazana ose remakore rechi19, mibvunzo pamusoro kutanga bumbiro uye abolition pakati serfdom vaiva kupfuura akakodzera. mambo mumwe wakange zvaakaratidzwa pamusoro pavo, asi havana zvose kugovana kuziva kuti murimi mudiki mubvunzo ndiyo kukurumidzirwa. Chirevo pamusoro achifanira vanhuwo zvavo - mumwe zhinji mhinduro zvirongwa.
Munhoroondo chechinyorwa
Accession kuti chigaro Nicholas I aizivikanwa kumukira Decembrists. uchapupu hwavo munguva kuferefeta kwakaratidza kuti, pamwe wandei enyika zvinotaurwa nhengo racho anonzi kwazvo nokuda abolition pakati serfdom. Panguva iyoyo takapiwa nharo zvakanaka uye zveupfumi uye vehurumende, uye yomudzimu zvikonzero kudiwa kuti vanhuwo zvavo kusunungura nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kutaura zvazviri, vagumirwe basa akashingaira mumwe Alexander Mukuru. Zvisinei, nokuda pezviri enyika, kushingaira vatorwa mutemo uye kusagutsikana pamusoro chikamu Varidzi makuru pachake rusununguko vanhuwo zvavo vakagamuchira chete kuBaltic States. Chirevo pamusoro vachifanira vanhuwo zvavo ndeimwe dzakawanda panguva yaitonga Nicholas. Uya nyaya nokuti paruzhinji hurukuro, haana, uye akaita maererano mumatare muchivande. Kwemakore 30 kwaiva gumi, asi avo panyaya private nyaya.
pamusoro murimi mudiki mubvunzo Committees
Nicholas I zvikuru kuchinja, asi sezvo munoziva, kunyange vaiomerera vari munzira zvinhu, kana zvakakodzera kuti tirambe nyika yaivapo. The murimi mudiki yokutanga chakavanzika komiti yakatangwa kare muna 1826, zvakanga yaisanganisira inonyatsozivikanwa inofananidza of Alexander yaitonga sezvo vakadaro MM Speransky uye VP Kochubey. 6 Makore basa rake rakava yokungotaura hwaro mumatare munguva yemberi, asi hapana chakachinja ezvinhu serfdom. Next kuna 1835 Committee kwakasimbiswa ubate abolition pakati serfdom hurongwa Chokwadi, munhu azere dispossession miduku yokuruwa. Kuti State vasingagoni kuenda, nekuti varombo waiva mukuru taxpayer. Mugumisiro mabasa rinotevera komiti akava chirevo vanosungirwa vanhuwo zvavo (1842). Teverai zvakavanzika masangano vaiona private panyaya muchivanze, pamusoro mukana chekuunganidza nyika serfs uye nevamwe.
chirevo Features
Chekutanga, unofanira pakarepo kucherechedzwa kuti chirevo pamusoro achifanira vanhuwo zvavo kupa zvaisashanda ayo Implementation uye rutsigiro. Kureva, akaita kuti zvikwanisike, uye sei kuita Varidzi - iri kungwara yavo. Somugumisiro serfs mamiriyoni gumi zvaitambidzwa chikwereti, asi vakasununguka kubva maviri nemashanu kusvika vanhu zviuru makumi maviri nezvinomwe. Izvi zvinonzi hwezuva nezuva muupenyu "donhwe remvura riri mumugomo." Chechipiri, chirevo pamusoro vachifanira vanhuwo zvavo vakaedza kufungawo zvinodiwa mapato. Varimi vakagamuchira nekusungikana, hurumende vakagamuchira kwomuzvarirwo mitero uye Varidzi vaiva varidzi venyika. Chechitatu, kusarudza uyu pamwero vaishora akakurumbira chirevo "pamusoro vakasununguka varimi", aunopiwa vasunungurwa nyika vanhuwo zvavo nokuda kworudzikinuro. Nyika yaifanira ngadzirambe kunoparirwa sezvo pfuma landlords.
Zviri chirevo
Chirevo pamusoro vachifanira vanhuwo zvavo akabvumira landlords kuti vanhuwo zvavo kuti rusununguko nokusaina tsamba pre-chibvumirano navo. Yaiti chitsama venyika zvaitambidzwa kushandisa vanhuwo zvavo, uyewo mazuva ose serfdom uye chitsama zvakavakodzera kuti vanofanira aimbova muridzi serf nyika, kureva muridzi womunda kuti kushandiswa. Agreement ichi inofanira mvumo nehurumende uye haana kuchinja pashure. Saka, muridzi havagoni zvinoda varimi zvakawanda pamusoro risi nyika. Panguva iyoyowo, chirevo anosungirwa vanhuwo zvavo vasara patrimonial kodzero nevanokudzwa roruvanze uye zvose mapurisa mabasa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba kumamisha, saizvozvo sapakutanga, ndeyaJehovha.
zvakaipira chirevo
Pasinei hurumende zvatinotarisirwa, racho nechirevo pamusoro vachifanira vanhuwo zvavo vakanga chaizvo zvazvinoita. Kunyange zvazvo landlords uye kuchengeterwa nyika kupa mhosva, uye wakasara simba mumusha, asi vakanga vasingachakwanisi kuwedzera kana kutapudza mabasa murimi mudiki Holdings. Saka, vakawanda vavo vari hapana kukurumidza kushandisa kodzero kutamira mamiriro serfs vanosungirwa. Life anosungirwa vanhuwo zvavo havana dzichinje zvinooneka, asi nehanya pakati kwamachinda vakava zvishoma kunoreva zvakawanda mikana yokukura. Small mari akasunungura pasi chirevo ichi inotaura kwayo zvishoma kukanganisa nezvokuvapo serfdom. Kutaura zvazviri, Nicholas akaziva kuti dambudziko aripo, asi pfungwa kuti hazvina ngozi chaizvo kubata, uye tinofanira kuita kunyatsoongorora.
Kugadzirisa chinetso serfdom
Kuitwa chirevo pamusoro vachifanira vanhuwo zvavo muduku kungobvumirawo kuti ruzhinji simba uye nokukurumidza mabasa okukura weRussia. The Crimean War, iyo Russia vakarasika, akaratidza kudiwa kuchinja. Folding echimurenga mamiriro ezvinhu zvakakanganisa vevaGiriki, uyo yakaoma, asi pakupedzisira akabvumirana Hurumende kuti varimi vanofanira kuita vakasununguka. Panguva imwe chete hwaro kuchinja kwaiva kuzvisunungura vanhuwo zvavo munyika hazvo, asi nokuda kworudzikinuro. Dimensions runofarira nerudzikinuro mari dzaisiyana zvichienderana kumatunhu Russia, vanhuwo zvavo havasi kuwana nyika zvakakwana, asi achiri danho kwaitwa. Special chikwereti anoenda Alexander II, uyo aikwanisa kuuya kwakatanga kuguma neimwewo tsiye kutsoropodzwa kubva kuruboshwe uye kodzero-bapiro mauto. Kuwedzera abolition pamusoro serfdom mamwe zvinhu zvinokosha rwaiitwa, vakabatsira pave capitalist ukama. Munyaya, akapinda se "akasunungura".