How kuwana vhoriyamu imwe humburumbira?

Shoko "humburumbira" anouya kwatiri kubva muchiGiriki - «κύλινδρος» - mune Russian zvinoreva "mupumburu" kana "Skating Rink", asi rine zvirevo zvitatu dzinoitwa izvi pfungwa mbiri.

First - muviri geometric riri kuumbwa kuburikidza majana kunhivi rimwe kumativi rectangle. Chechipiri chidobi rinoshandiswa zvikamu kana namano, somuenzaniso, "The pisitoni" kana "injini humburumbira." Third - Men kuti hats runoenzanirana chimiro.

Mubvunzo "sei kuona bhuku humburumbira?" Anoita njere nokuda maviri tsika iri mhinduro nezvinetso geometric rokutanga. Rinoshanda riri rokudzidzisa, zvesayenzi kana zvekushandisa (design, kugadzwa, kuvakwa, kugadziriswa, etc.) muitiro, uyewo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Nokuti nyaya wechitatu zvakakodzera kutaura Linear kukura chomumusoro, izvo kuona kwayo maitiro uye kukura.

Mhinduro yomubvunzo: "sei kuwana vhoriyamu imwe humburumbira" achavaponesa zvaimirirwa geometric muviri. The sepombi vari angled kana kururamiswa, uyewo dzeraundi, elliptical, hyperbolic, parabolic.

Kakawanda shoko iri kunzwisisa zvakanaka tenderera muviri. Inogona achimiririrwa nzvimbo riri rakatenderedzwa mbiri dzakafanana uye vakaenzana pakukura namaumbirwo sezvo denderedzwa ndege uye parutivi pemvura iri muchimiro rectangle (zvakaitika), maviri akatarirana pamativi ayo uwirirane mutsetse, denderedzwa chinotaura kufanana hukawanika izvi. The divi pamusoro iri perpendicular kwavari. tevera kukakavadzana All munyaya ino zvichabviswa chokuita zvakananga kuti zvakanaka dzeraundi humburumbira, somunhu tsananguro imwe mhando kunogona kuva yoga nyaya.

Nzwisisa kuti ngaaverenge vhoriyamu imwe humburumbira, uyewo zvichabatsira kududzirwa kweshoko "vhoriyamu". Rinoshandiswa senzira quantitative kuyera kuti anotora fuma kana muviri. It ane ukama hwepedyo pfungwa "chinzvimbo", kureva kuti, vachikwanisa, kutsunga Linear kukura uye chimiro, kuti kutakura mudziyo kana mudziyo mumwe yakawanda chinhu. The Vhoriyamu humburumbira ndiyo nyaya inokosha pfungwa "vhoriyamu muviri." Zvingava muchimiro basa rinosvika, kuutio, chero polyhedron, cône uye zvichingodaro.

The Vhoriyamu humburumbira rinoshanda kuna njanji matangi, izvo zvinogona zvifambiswe 38 m3 (35 matani) akadai makemikoro sezvo styrene, kana 73 m3 (55 matani) kuti peturu Super Euro-98. For munyika combustion injini zvinokosha zvakagadzirwa parameter ndiko kushanda vhoriyamu. It anosarudza pakukwanisa kwayo uye mamwe maitiro, nekuti nyaya duku kusvikira 1,1 litres, nokuti krupnolitrazhnyh - anopfuura 3.5 litres.

Saka pashure zvose, sei kuwana Vhoriyamu humburumbira? Nhamba iyi, uyewo mimwe muviri, maererano nzvimbo kuburikidza vachiwedzera kwayo, akapa kuti ukuru uye chimiro chayo muchinjikwa-chikamu chero nguva pamwe pakakwirira zvakafanana.

Somuenzaniso, kuti mutumbi kuti vaumbe cône kana rinosvika nzira kwakadaro hakusi akakodzera. The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga vhoriyamu imwe zvakanaka dzeraundi humburumbira kungaratidzwa sezvo zvibereko nhamba π (kwemasvomhu chenguva akaenzana 3.14) uye yaiungana iri nharaunda (R vakaenzana hafu dhayamita) ari dhisiki avete mujinga humburumbira uye humburumbira kukwirira (h): V = π • r2 • h.

nokukura dzakadai nharaunda uye kukwirira inofanira kuratidzwa pakati zviumbu (kana nokukwirira makubhiti, ipapo siyana vanofanira upenyu runoratidzwa metres): mm, cm dm they, m,? km. Zvadaro, bhuku iri mm3 vakawana cm3, dm3 (l), m 3 km3, ukuwo. Mienzaniso zvakapiwa uye huru chikwata nomukaka chokuita SI hurongwa.

Ivo anoshandiswa asi ndoda, uye vamwe vasiri SI zviumbu yakayerwa, zvakadai somunhu yemafuta, Rita, gallon, mudende nezvimwe. The zvakaoma: sei kuwana vhoriyamu imwe humburumbira rakakwirira 5 m uye nharaunda 2 M? Mhinduro: V = 3.14 • 2 • 2 • 5 = 62.8 m3.

Kubva mumienzaniso iyi zviri pachena kuti zvinangwa akagadzira muchimiro mubvunzo, "sei kuwana Vhoriyamu humburumbira?" Ko zvikuru inoshanda kukosha. With chisarudzo vakasangana kwavo basa hunoshanda uye mainjiniya kuti unyanzvi siyana. Gasmen mafuta vaburitsi kuverenga nhamba pumped gasi, mafuta kana zvimwe peturu zvinhu kuburikidza mapaipi. Kana ichi Vhoriyamu humburumbira anoratidzwa, kukwirira iyo akaenzana pakureba nenyere ane anozivikanwa zvemukati dhayamita.

Pakagadzirwa petrochemical chigadzirwa akaverenga bhuku (gasi kana mvura) kuti anozadza tangi pakati cylindrical chimiro, nokuziva geometric kukura capacitive mudziyo uye kureba mushonga akadira mairi. Izvi zvinoshandawo chero chigadzirwa (zvokudya chigadzirwa kana petrochemical Refinery) iro yazara kupinda emiti, hombodo girazi kana zvimwe midziyo kuti cylindrical chimiro.

Chero muridzi anga kubika, anogona ngaaverenge chitsama chigadzirwa kuti akaiswa kana kudirwa mudziyo cylindrical, nokuti zvakakwana kuziva dhayamita uye kukwirira kuzadza mudziyo.