The zvomudumbu maitiro nezvinokambaira: STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye kushanda

The zvomudumbu maitiro nezvinokambaira ine zvachiri kuti kuti zvakaoma zvikuru zvichienzaniswa chete nemamiriro ari amphibians.

General unhu nezvinokambaira

Zvinokambaira nemhuka kuwana zita ravo nokuti yezvakaita kufamba pepasi. Ivo kana kushaiwei kana vane nemakumbo pfupi, izvo kurongwa nenzira chinjikira ndege. Saka, vari rudzi "groveling" pasi. Vose vari mhuka ine utsinye kuti kugona uye mvura, nemiviri yenyika nzvimbo. Asi kukura tuvana izvo takapoteredzwa inodzivirira goko ari zai kunoitika zvachose panyika. goroondo muviri yakafukidzwa rakaoma horny pachikero.

The huru zvinhu ndiwo pakuonekwa womukati maumbirwo muchipfuva ichi chete pulmonary afemeruke, womukati muchangosangana uye excretory gadziriro nezvinokambaira, hwaimiririrwa netsvo, dundira uye cloaca.

Zvomudumbu maitiro: huru madhipatimendi

The zvomudumbu maitiro nezvinokambaira aimiririra turakiti uye unyanzvi mumasero. Kusiyana amphibians, pakati pemhuka aya mumasero mate kuti inongomutsa makemikari. Izvi zvakasikwa zvinhu zviri zvipenyu catalysts. Achanamatira zvakaoma makemikari nyaya kupinda nyore. In chimiro ichi vanogona nyura uye iiswe chengetedza. Structure zvinokambaira zvomudumbu gadziriro iri dzinoratidzwa pamberi undifferentiated mazino uye cecum. Ndivo chikuru zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvichienzaniswa amphibians.

Kugaya zvinokambaira rine muromo, pharynx, yakamanikana yegurokuro, dumbu uye ura. Last kusiyaniswa uye chinosanganisira zviduku madhipatimendi, vakapfuura kupinda cecum. Anopedzisa zvomudumbu chubhu cloaca. Ndiro buri kuburikidza iyo aunonyanya kwete chete nepererevarennye zvokudya zvasara, asiwo zvibereko excretory uye dzokubereka enyika nezvinokambaira.

zvomudumbu shwanu

The zvomudumbu kwava zvikuru kunzwisisa nezvinokambaira. Kugaya zvose chirimwa uye mhuka zvokudya kuti adye, zvingava hazviiti pasina kuvapo simbi. Uyewo mate zvinhu uye makemikari izvo nokumunamatira, yakakanyiwa uye hwezvekukurukurirana ingestion zvokudya, nezvinokambaira vane nerwatata. Mumwe Nhengo anoita ayo ushande. Chiropa secretes bile, izvo disinfects nokuparurwa pasi zvokudya zvacho. A rwatata secrete makemikari kuti kugaya kwakakwana mapuroteni, kwemafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi.

Makemikari zvinokambaira zvomudumbu mumasero vari mishonga zvinoshingaira zvinhu. Saka, zvose inozivikanwa chokwadi kuti nyoka regai kutsenga zvokudya zvavo, uye ukabata zvavo wose. Pfungwa kugaya kunotanga mudumbu chete. Dzimwe nguva ya kusvikira vhiki dzinoverengeka.

Zviri kuomesa

Sezvambotaurwa, kune excretory gadziriro nezvinokambaira kunoratidzwa zvimwe yematambudziko. Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvose meno ari oropharyngeal mhango ndivo chete uye chete kushumira akakunda uye kuchengeta nezvavakatapa, ipapo spetsialirovannye. Somuenzaniso, mashoko dzine uturu. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti ivo remadza tichibatsirwa mutauro zvavo. Asi hazvina kudaro. Izvi zvokuudzwa mhango riri muchetura zino, sezvamakaropafadzwa pane mugero ine muchetura fuma. Uye kubva shaya pazvikara zvakadai nemakarwe, unotora kwete zvisingabviri, nekuti meno avo simba kunyanya uye unopinza. Somuenzaniso, kupfuura madzinde mhuka saka kazhinji "basa" kuti siyana kusvika wandei makumi ezviuru nguva pagore. Zviya, kusiyana amphibians, mazhinji mutauro ndiyo nhengo kubatwa zvokudya, muviri krokodidov anenge fused pamwe mujinga muromo, saka zvinoita sokuti hazvisi zvachose.

zvomudumbu hurongwa mabasa zvinokambaira

Zvomudumbu wandisa ezvinhu yakagadzirirwa kugaya uye Absorção de Água nezvinovaka muviri. At cleavage kwavo dzinounzwa imwe yakawanda simba rakashandiswa zvipenyu kuti pezvakaitwa zvose zvinokosha. Kana cleavage iyi inoitika achishandisa makemikari specialized omumuviri, uye kufamba nezvimedu zvokudya kubva waiita mhango aite cloaca turakiti tsandanyama rusvingo.

Saka zvomudumbu maitiro ane zvinokambaira akafanana hwokufananidzira STRUCTURAL zviri chordates, uye vamwe nevamwe. Zviri pachena kuti zvichienzaniswa amphibians, zviri zvikuru zvakaoma kuwana. Izvi zvinoonekwa pamberi zvomudumbu makemikari kuti aburitswa kushandiswa omumuviri, cecal uye intestinal Kusiyanisa.