United States muHondo Yenyika I, nhoroondo zvinhu

Nechekare pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri United States yakanga muindasitiri simba, anogona kukwikwidzana mhosva chero European erasure. The War World First chakatsigirwa America zvikuru paya pane vose vaimutsigira, zvisinei akabvumira kwaari kunyatsoshandisa izvi. United States muna World War I nenzira dodgy Odyssey. Zvine musoro kuona kuti tsika iyi wabatwa navo pamusoro maoko uye navamwe zvakasiyana rinoshandiswa kunyange nhasi.

chinamano kupfuura

Muna 1918, July uye August akawana mauto ubatanidzwewo German uye Franco-reBritain neAmerica achitambura ropa kubva Marne River. General tsamwisa German chaiva chokupedzisira, sezvo hondo zvakazoonekwa kuti njodzi pamusoro pavo, uye kwakaita kuti yokupedzisira kukundwa. Ndipo apo US mauto pakutanga muhondo avepo. Pamberi kuti kwaiva kutsigirwa chete kwoupfumi, kwete pasina imwe vabatsirwe pachavo. United States muHondo Yenyika I, kunyange kukunda yose dambudziko, izvo kudzura uye nokubudirira zvikuru munyika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muna 1913 ari maindasitiri kweShanduro United States mberi navamwe nyika, yakabereka zvakawanda simbi, zvikuru kubudirira kwakanga mugodhi.

Kana tikaenzanisa humboo pamusoro parameters muEurope uye US, pamwe chete France, Britain, uye Germany, sezvo marasha haisi mined. US World War zvinoshamisa zvakawedzera basa rayo ezvoupfumi. Vatsigiri vakarwa, saka aifanira kusangana zvimwe zvinetso. The United States iri pamwe chete navamwe vatsigiri vaigona kuwedzera kugadzirwa nehafu. Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakanga nechiedza muruoko zvinoparadza vanhu, kumbobvira vaibvakacha: America achipa mishonga uye zvinoputika pakati nevatsigiri vayo, saka huchiita nokukurumidza. Asi kusuma yavo US mauto muHondo Yenyika I muna hapana mhanya.

nomutambo Vakundi

Saka, mauto dzezvakaitwa United States vaifarira zvokutonga basa ( "mutongi tsika", maererano President Wilson). Zvisinei, pazvakava pachena denouement muna Washington kunetseka. Pakarepo zvinoitika kuti runyararo chibvumirano iri yakasainwa, uye "mutambo vakundi," havazovi nenzvimbo. Chete muna 1917 chakazoitwa, uye pakupedzisira akatora US kupinda World War First. Izvi vakaregererwa zvishoma Anti-American pfungwa pakati vatsigiri. Masere nezvishanu US mauto akapinda kurwisana Marne. Bane akamirira hafu yavo. The vatsigiri, ndinofanira kutaura panguva ino vakarasika mamiriyoni. Zvinangwa kuti haunted US kupinda World War First vari pachena.

Maererano nomunyori wenhau dzakaitika Andrei Malov, vekuAmerica vaitengerana chaizvo nokushingaira dzose pamarudzi anorwisana kupa mibayiro, boosting indasitiri kirasi, nokuderedza urovha. Zvino nguva kuenda kuhondo, kana yava nguva kugovera pie. Vaiva ari weboka iri kuzopindura. Pakava nekupesana yenyika, achiri nani migumisiro Hondo Yenyika II nokuti United States. Mushure mhedziso yorugare kupfuura kufarira chikamu pakusikwa League of Nations, vari kusunungurwa Belgium, vari kudzokera kutambidza French Lorraine uye nharaunda yeAlsace, mukuwedzera wenharaunda Serbia pakabudiswa chake kugungwa, ndicho US akatora ari kudzorerwa kwePoland. Chakabikwa pamusoro zvakanaka dzimwe nyika? Kwete, zvimwe kwete.

"Dzidzo" gutsaruzhinji chero nzira

US zvakasimba vakatora yose mudziyo chakasakara nyika. Economic negwaro muhondo vanopfuura makumi mana kubva muzana reserves kwenyika endarama muUnited States nemabhengi nehurumende vatorwa isu chikwereti navo madhora mabhiriyoni gumi - panguva iyoyo chihombe chitsama. Wilson vake vatsivi vakakwidza zano kuti dzinokwanisa noruzivo creators, uyezve, iye ikozvino kushanda. Neocons pashure Roosevelt akagadzira migumisiro First World War nokuti United States: "Tiri muenzaniso kuzvitonga uye kudiwa kudzidzisa vamwe vanhu vose nenzira ipi." Mushure 1918, chikuru nyika European yakaneta United States ndiyo zvizvarwa zviviri mberi.

Chii chinoitika zvino? Nyika yose unozvida uye zvava hazvigoni kusvikira okupedzisira chaizvo mazuva oupenyu vanhu. The United States panguva World War First ndakasika nheyo yakanaka. Pakarepo mushure zvikazara yose Europe, vashanyi American, vakadzidza kushandisa musiyano iri Exchange. Young vokuEurope vari kwazvo godo sokuvapo nzira American youpenyu haana kuva chinhu mapofu kutevedzera: zvokugadzira zvinhu mberi, yayo chepfu zvibereko, okushambadza uye Gloss. The USSR Wakapedzisira nenzira iyi, kupanana rusununguko "Snickers". Mushure zvose, rusununguko hakusi Kuwanikwa nyadzi ndiko, uye zvakaenzana kodzero pekugara, dzidzo, basa, yokufaranuka. Chikwereti wacho nyore kuti asangova tsika yakati itevedzerwe uye moods, asi aida mudzvanyiriri zvinoumba zvematongerwo upfumi. Global hegemony. Russia uye United States muHondo Yenyika I airidza akatarisana mabasa, uye ipapo mugumo wavo yapararira mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose nzira - paaishorwa.

The League marudzi

Kubvira muna 1914, US akaita nedzenyu anofambisa mu zakulse mukusika uye kuridza ose kwemotokari zvinoshamisa, apo kuramba vasina kwavakarerekera hweHIV. Yakanga chete March 1917 (6 April pakarenda yaGregory), Washington akaona kuti hazvibviri kwohumwe achifambisa. Apo US akapinda Hondo Yenyika I, President Wilson zvakajeka afunga ezvinhu: zvaibvira vazopa simba kurwadzisa kuti pre-hondo kuti, izvo United States airidza yechipiri, borderland basa munyika dzakawanda ukama. Kunyange zvakadaro, ndivo Entente havana pamutemo kwakabatana, uye akaramba nhengo yaro neshamwari. Saka kuramba rusununguko mose sungiro, pachokwadi mubatanidzwa, iyo yakawedzera zvikuru munguva yehondo. Asi kuti vakasununguka maererano annexations uye miganhu reorganizations United States ndiyo zvachose maturo, ndokusaka United States akapinda muHondo Yenyika Wokutanga.

The Entente inongogara kutambudzwa kuramba kudiwa rubatsiro kubva vokuAmerica. Uye kwete chete mari uye nezvombo, asi mauto. Wilson akazivisa US chinangwa muhondo iyi, zvinopokana zvachose European pfungwa hama zvakanyatsoenzana mauto vachikanganisa nokurasikirwa nekodzero dzavanhu Yokuzvisarudzira. masimba makuru, sezvinoita United States aidavira kuti kwava kutyora mutemo yokuzvisarudzira zvinoreva kuti nyika kuti haangavi mberi. Ndokusaka Wilson akakumbirwa kusika mutsva, rwechigarire muviri dzakawanda, iyo yakagadzirirwa zvinoenderana seboka vakachengeteka uye kuitira yakaenzanirana kugarwa ose dzakawanda kukakavadzana. Hwaro basa neve chaMarudzi akava seti nevakawanda vakabvumirana nhungamiro, pakati inova yokuzvitonga marudzi varipo. Saka, basa US muna World War yava nesimba, pasinei mukupera chaizvo naye musumo.

London, Paris, Moscow

Kana kuronga pakusikwa League of Nations, Wilson vakaedza vatsigiri vabvume kuti sangano wokutanga kwakadaro waifarirwa anogona kutsigira zvose kuchengetedzwa gungwa yenzira yokushandisa risingagumi upi rinoti nyika uye kudzivirira hondo dzose zvakatanga nokukuvadzwa contractual mitoro. Kuzviisa pasi ane zvakafanana pose nyaya zvenyika voruzhinji. Paris uye London vanonzi zvinangwa wakasiyiwa Wilson, kure chokwadi uye zvakare zvikurukuru chaihwoihwo. Muchidimbu, kana nechido waDhavhidhi Lloyd George, hapana Zhorzha Klemanso dzaita haana pakutanga kunokonzerwa. Zvinetso Europe vakanga zvakawanda zvenzara: hondo nesimba kwete kuwedzera, sezvo US blyuli nokwawakarerekera shure nyaya kunge zvachose zvakaipa zvinoti: wavanozvisunga, kuvenga kurwisana, uye kunyange Vatican yakava murevereri pakati anorwisana nyika. Saka zvaibvira kuti kurasikirwa yehondo.

zvakare, kwete zvose akaenda zvakanaka panyaya Russia. Kuedza adzokorore chaizvo ezvinhu kare zvaitika, uye zvido Russia vatyora kwazvo, zvose Europe uye kuMiddle East mune ramangwana runyararo chibvumirano. Ipapo dikidiki Government uye kuchinjana pfungwa pamwe US nedzenyu basa, kuedza kuwana zvechiuto uye rubatsiro kwoupfumi, pamwe dzimwe makomborero emari. MuRussia, zvakare, kana zvakanga zvose zvakaipa: dambudziko harisi chete zveupfumi, asiwo enyika, kuparara wehondo rakakwana uye akatumirwa mberi. Ally Russia yava zvikuru kuvimbika. Vatsigiri wadzikamisa ezvinhu: aitarisira mumagwa England, vakabatsira kurwa kugona mauto Russian, France, United States paaivatambudza njanji senga. Mukutanga November 1917, dikidiki Government achiri akaona remangwana rakajeka kwake, uye vakaita kuratidza kuzvipira kwavo hondo pakupopotedzana. Asi musi November 7, manyorerwo chitsva vanozivikanwa ake: "Ndiani pano nguva kuwana kure?" - asvika.

zvematongerwo enyika

Kubva muna 1914 kusvikira 1917 United States yose akaratidza tsitsi kunyika Western Europe, asi vairamba vasina kwavakarerekera, ndicho chido kudzora. Wilson akaratidza kuti ake kunotyisa rokuparadza inotevera kurwisana, akaedza svitsanisa, kuita nyika pasina munhu kukunda. Kubudirira haapiwi korona. Zvichida nokuti maoko Entente kunyika America akashuma purogiramu, uye chinhu chombo kokutanga munhoroondo kuparadzwa guru revanhu. The UK agara aidzora kumakungwa, uye US hariguti, kukurukurirana pamusoro mutemo pegungwa yokusava nyika haana ndokuserera.

Germany pamwe kumatare, vakavharirwa zvayo zvengarava, nenzira dzose kuedza kutiza kubva wakakombwa. Saka akaberekwa chombo itsva - Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Zvino, Ndisina, Peaceful zvokutengeserana nyika vakafirwa kuchengeteka achifamba pamusoro pamakungwa. Muna 1915 vanhu vokuGermany akanyura chikepe British ne vanhu - "Lusitania" akaenda pasi, akatora vagari vanopfuura zana American. Wilson vakaedza Germany pamusoro maonero, nharo kuti zvaanotaura maererano mitemo mutemo dzakawanda. Germany haana kuzvibvumira kumanikidzirwa kusvikira 1917 uye kushanda mungarava yepasi pegungwa hondo haana kurega. Zvadaro, sokunge akabvuma. Zvisinei, sungano hauna akateerera, rikabatwa vaviri anoverengeka mikuru US matare mwedzi. Uye April 6, 1917, US Congress kurwa neGermany.

kuponesa chiso

Wilson, wakati asvika neshungu sezvo pave norugare uye murevereri, haana kusvika nyika. US anokanda Munyika War First, pakutanga pfungwa setsikawo upfumi apo airamba. Asi hazvina kuitika. Ndaifanira kuita mupiro rechiuto kuti kukunda Germany. New vanonangwa vave kuzivikanwa uye zvishoma nezvishoma amuka kune ake zvizere pakakwirira pamberi kupinda muhondo, pamusoro pokugadzwa League of Nations, uye kuwedzera kuzvidzora pamusoro Europe uye nyika. Pashure Germany vakawedzera yepasi pemvura hondo, United States pakarepo kuti vawedzere Naval uye zvoupfumi rubatsiro vavengi vavo, uye vakatanga kugadzirira rwendo kuna Western Front nechekare muhondo dzakabatana.

General Pershing, vakagadzwa mukuru mukuru, akazivisa chikumbiro kuhondo, uye varume vanenge miriyoni kubva maviri-rimwe matatu nerimwe vaipfeka makaki. Kubva pakutanga muna March 1918 omubatanidzwa mauto akaedza kurega muvengi inogumbura. VokuGermany vakanga mberi zvakasimba, vokuBritain uye French vaiva pamwero mukuru ropa. Ndokusaka yakachena US uto akabudirira pakubatsira mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany, uye counteroffensive, uye haizopereri kukundwa mauto eGermany. America yose upfumi hurongwa rakavakwazve kuhondo iyi. Matanho akatorwa zvechokwadi zvisati zvamboitika. kuzvidzora kwakadaro mamiriro hwenyika haisati kuzivikanwa.

Federal kuzvidzora

Wilson akapfuura mitemo zvikuru kubudirira sangano veshure mabasa. Rave zvakasikwa chaiyo dhipatimendi njanji, kuti abvise makwikwi uye nechokwadi kunyatsoomerera Kufambisa yemabasa zvose. A masimba yakafara kudzora emakambani vakapiwa nemauto-maindasitiri utariri, izvo kwakamutsa kugadzirwa uye kudzivisa kuburitsa mufananidzo. Gorosi mitengo yakanga isingachinji, rurefu chaizvo azvipire. Takapiwa akatanga kuwedzera zvokudya zvechiuto "bespshenichnye" uye "bezmyasnye" Mazuva yevagari. Chinotsva pfuma vakanga zvakare nokuramba wakaomerera panzira wakaiswa, kuparadzirwa dzavo uye kugadzirwa dzaiva pasi kugara achitarisirwa.

Zvakanga chete zvinoshamisa matanho kusimbisa mauto uye simba rehondo. Zvikomborero Good vakauya, uye varimi uye vashandi maindasitiri, kuti murombo. The American muchiuto muchina kunokudziridzwa uye kusimbe. Uyewo, US akaita zvikwereti huru mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. Yaiti pamusoro pamusoro ukuru kwokunze chikwereti ari European nyika kusvikira chikwereti. Liberty chikwereti zvisungo yakapiwa, nokuda izvo nyika uye vakakwanisa kuramba vakadaro makuru mari. The United States muna Chokutanga, Second World War akawana nzira kuburikidza yose matambudziko yake vapfume.

gumi pfungwa

Waiva musoro nokuziviswa muna 1918 kuti Wilson akapa Congress panyaya First World War uye US zvinangwa mairi. Mairi, achidonongodza purogiramu kudzorerwa nokugarika munyika kundodana pakusikwa League of Nations. Iye, Chokwadi, akanga asatenderwe zvinangwa muchiuto, kunge kweBhaibheri nyika omubatanidzwa, uye zvinopesana muchivande zvibvumirano zvakawanda pakati batana nyika. Asi Kutama ichi hwaibudirira kwazvo.

Nechekare muna October 1918, nyika Central European ndapa nyika zvakananga kuna Wilson, kuteerera vavengi vavo European. Kubva US kuna Europe kutumira mokundoparidza House vakananga. Muna November, Germany akasaina chibvumirano. izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo America uye Europe vaiva kuzvipokanidza simba. The zvoupfumi chezvinonhuwira upenyu akwegura uye pakupedzisira Zvaparara mu Europe regai kuvimbisa zvakasimba Kudzikamiswa uye rokuvakazve, uye United States munguva World War First, kunge dzinokwanisa akasimbisa upfumi hwayo. Plus isu takaita pasina kuparadzwa. nyika iyi haana akarwa pamusoro munharaunda yayo.

nyika

Muna 1919 na1920, vakanga zvisingaperi runyararo hurukuro. The yose nzira Wilson zvachose vakakunda pakusikwa League of Nations. To chinangwa ichi kwave kubudirira, akamanikidzwa kutora vanoverengeka kutsauswa kubva indemnities kuti miganhu nyaya.

Pakapera June 1919 nayo akasaina chibvumirano, iyo yakava mugumo mumwe rezvematongerwe, Wilson. Kwete zvose vakaenda zvakanaka. Republicans akahwina sarudzo muna 1918, uye saka kurwisa asati akasimbisa chaMarudzi sangano kufamba simba.

Chisarudzo chokutanga naye nyasha akarwiswa, ari ratification rakanga mungozi. The Seneti aida kuchinja chibvumirano, Wilson akaramba kusvikira July 1921. Saka, zvazviri kusvika iyi United States yakanga vachiri hondo. "Red tyisa" akaita kutsauswa, uye chete ipapo, Congress vakapfuura chisarudzo vose pamakamuri, iyo inozivisa pakupera kubatanidzwa muhondo. Nzvimbo United States pashure World War akasimbisa zveupfumi asi nonoka enyika dambudziko. Uye nokuti League of Nations akatanga basa rayo pasina US vabatanidzwe.