Ngarawa Admiral Hipper (1937-1945): nhoroondo yokusika uye upenyu. Navy German

German chikepe "Admiral Hipper" aiva mumwe yakanakisisa inorema sevatsvaki vemapuranga of Kriegsmarine muHondo Yenyika II. Akatora chikamu ari kubatwa muNorway, ichiitwa dzakatevedzana vachirwisa vari Atlantic, uye kurwa ake okupedzisira akatora chando Sea Barents. The wokupedzisira uye makore hafu youpenyu hwake ngarawa akagara pachiteshi ari muchengeti mamiriro.

patani

Papepa, asi ngarawa Admiral Hipper akazviratidza muna 1934. Yakanga iri Naval Headquarters vakanga akagadzira dzinokosha zvinodiwa kuti chikepe itsva. Chekutanga, kubva muchikepe akamirira akaenzana kukurira ramangwana French uye British vavengi. Chechipiri, pane yokuGermany Navy aida chikepe kuti anogona kuenda nokukurumidza kubva vakatevera battleships muvengi "Dunkirk" uye "Strasbourg". Pfungwa Izvi zvaikosha zvikuru - date muenzaniso anopikira kuti vavhimi vazhinji anotyisa zvakakwana nokukurumidza sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Pakupedzisira, Chechitatu, chigadzirwa idzva changa dzinoda kukanganisa mabasa Oceanic uye gungwa nzvimbo.

Ngarawa Admiral Hipper zvaiva eponymous mhando inorema sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Rakanga akaronga kuvaka ngarava shanu yakadaro. Somugumisiro, kunze "Hipper" akazviratidza "Prints Oygen" uye "Blücher". Vamwe vaviri midziyo "Lützow" uye "Seydlitz" havana nguva kupedzisa. Heavy ngarawa "Admiral Hipper" ainzi pashure Franz von Hipper, uyo akarayira Boka ngarava German mu Hondo Dogger Bank uye Jutland.

kuvaka

Bookmark "Admiral Hipper" July 6, 1935 akatanga imwe shipyard muHamburg. Zvakakwanisika pashure kwokupa mhosva Chibvumirano Versailles, panguva akatara muganhu nokuti mauto eGermany uye nezvikepe. Hitler akanga kugadzirira kutsiva uye vakaita zvepabonde, ukuwo nokukunda kunyika World War I vakatarira kuburikidza minwe yangu. Kuti aponese sezvineiwo kusangana hurumende yeBritain kugumisa imwevo chibvumirano pasi izvo German Navy akagashira kodzero kuwedzera mauto ayo wengarava kusvika 35% of British. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi vanhu vokuGermany havana kufunga maonero kwavavengi ramangwana uye vakatanga akurumidze kumhanya kuti agadzirire ropa.

Panguva yokutanga yezana gore kunyorwa nemurwi panguva kuvakwa mudziyo. February 6, 1937 anorema ngarawa mumvura. Panguva mhemberero tsika Bhodhoro Champagne vakaputsa mudzimai Admiral Raeder, akarayira rengarava. Panguva World War First akashanda kumuzinda of Hipper, apo nezvekutanga ngarava idzva akapa kutaura dzakatarwa.

Nokuda nokukurumidza emuchiuto yokuGermany makwikwi nevamwe mapazi nerimwe uto zvinoda zvose zvinhu zvitsva, midziyo uye basa. Somugumisiro, kugamuchirwa "Admiral Hipper" nguva vambomira. "Prints Oygen" akatowanda akavaka. At nezvekutanga mhemberero kuti mudziyo uyu wakapindwa Hitler uye regent wokuHungary Miklosh Horti. Nzvimbo yaro kuvaka kwakatanga muna Kiel, iyo gare gare rakashandurwa uye "hipper". Last akazviratidza ngarawa "Blucher" kwavo mhando inorema sevatsvaki vemapuranga.

Start basa

German ngarawa «Admiral Hipper» ashanda April 29, 1939. Akasvika chete panguva - kusvika Second World War. Yokutanga mishomanana huchishanda ngarava musi muedzo miedzo iri Kiel. March 20, 1940 vashandi akarayirwa kutumira chikepe kuna Cuxhaven. "Admiral Hipper", uyewo anenge ose achangobuda nhengo Kriegsmarine, aifanira kutora chikamu mune nechisimba Norway, razova chikamu kushanda "Vezenbyurg" (kana "Dzidziso pamusoro Weser").

Ngarawa akatungamirira kechipiri boka, chinangwa yaiva kubatwa zviri inokosha chengarava Trondheim. Akanga vakabatana vaparadzi "Jacobi", "Riedel", "Ekoldt" uye "Heinemann". Muchikepe "Hipper" vaiva signalers, Luftwaffe dzimbahwe boka uye chikamu 83rd rechiuto uye 138th hondo regomo. Vaifanira kutarisira Norwegian kumahombekombe mabhatiri.

The dzechikwata akasiya Cuxhaven April 6 kuipa mamiriro ekunze. Munziramo akapinda chiduku skirmish pamwe British mauto. Zvino British vaiziva kufamba vokuGermany, kunyange vachiri refu asina kukwanisa kunzwisisa chinangwa chechokwadi uye yezvinoreva oparesheni.

"Dzidziso pamusoro Weser"

April 8, 1940 panzira Norway ngarawa "Admiral Hipper" akabva yapfuura kosi akaenda kununura muparadzi "Bernd of Arnim." Ngarava iyi yakabonderana ane British chikepe "Glouvorm" boka chete. Mukuru "Hipper" Helmut Heye vakarwisa chikepe muvengi kunyange zvazvo muvengi utsi sefa uye torpedoes. Panguva kurwa rose, "Glouvorm" kamwe Akarova pedyo ngarawa wokuGermany, kurova rutivi rwake rworudyi pedyo breakwater. Zvakanga kuduku kukuvadza, asi muparadzi British haisi nyore wakapukunyuka uye rikanyura. Pakupedzisira "Glouvorm" inobhadharwa ramming kurwisa "hipper", zvakaipira izvo zvaifanira kugadziriswa vhiki nhatu.

Pausiku April 9, iyo ngarawa yokuGermany yakanyura migwagwa Tronhyema. Kuedza kuramba vomuNorway aiva nomwero zvikuru: kuti bhatiri pamahombekombe vaitiridzira pfuti dzakawanda, pashure iyo muvengi ndokupera kurwa pamwe German dzechikwata. boka basa racho rakapedzwa. The ngarawa "Admiral Hipper" akadzokera Germany kuti igadziridzwe.

"Juno"

Muna May, nokugadzira chikepe Kiel, apo kubatana rakaumbwa, waiva kubatsira vamwe ngarava German rakabayirwa Norway nokuda British blockade. The kukasaitwa oparesheni unonzi "Juno." Kuwedzera "Hipper" zvakanzi wakapindwa nokuda battleships "Gneisenau" uye "Scharnhorst" uye kuvaparadzi "Lodi", "Galster", "Shemann" uye "Shtaynbrik.

Paaienda Norway akasangana British ngarawa 530-savi trawler "Juniper". A igwa duku akauya pasi moto 105-mm pfuti Anti-ndege German. Nokukurumidza iye trawler tilted uye rikanyura. Panguva iyoyo akaita kure "Shemann" rikanyura munhu wengarava ngarava "Mafuta Pioneer."

In "Orama" iwoyo manheru, June 6 "Admiral Hipper" yakavakwa muna 1937 gamha yokuBritain uto senga. Ngarava kumusha kwake Norway uye mufaro Chirungu yakanga isina (kunze murayiro chaiwo). volleys anoverengeka putika projectiles vakaita basa ravo: "Orama" akanyura zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pasi pegungwa. The British zvomira mungarava zvikepe German.

June 8 ngarawa uye pedyo vaparadzi vakarayirwa kuti akatumira Trondheim. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, "Admiral Hopper" vaisagona kutora chikamu pakuparadzwa mutakuri ndege "Kubwinya". Mazuva mashomanana anotevera chikepe yakawandisa mumigwagwa Trondheim. Zvadaro, manheru musi June 20, "Hopper" akaenda kubatsira ukama Avangard "Scharnhorst". Ngarawa akatora munda "Gneisenau" uye "Galsterom". Rwendo rwacho pfupi. Pakati pousiku "Gneisenau" akanga torpedoed ne British yepasi pemvura "Clyde". Yehondo akatora mvura yakawanda, uye kukupfura aifanira kudzokera Trondheim, uye pasina kuzadzisa basa rayo. Nokuda kukuvadzwa maviri ngarava vaitungamirira 'Admiral Hipper "rava mukuru kurwa chairema Third Reich North Norwegian mumvura.

Atlantic bvuta

Vamwe sevatsvaki vemapuranga nomukurumbira Hondo Yenyika II kubvira kare chete kure negungwa mumvura. Saka "Admiral Hepper." November 30, 1940 chete, akapedzisira aita ake refu-akamirirwa mugungwa kudii. Mid-Atlantic panguva Latitude pamusoro Brest-Newfoundland ruchazara pamwe British convoys. In mapazi ichi, intersected zvekufambisa migwagwa, izvo zvifambiswe kuti inokosha mauto uye mitoro. The chete vakasununguka chikepe, kukwanisa kurwisa convoys panguva iyoyo yaiva "Admiral Hipper". Other sevatsvaki vemapuranga nomukurumbira Hondo Yenyika II rakazvipira. Tikafunga ezvinhu aya, ngatiite ruzha iri kuchamhembe mumakungwa, ngarava waitanga "Operation Nordzeetur".

December 25, "hipper" vakawana mudungwe wemabhazi kuti kwakafukidza ngarawa "Barwick" uye zviumbu akawanda chiedza sevatsvaki vemapuranga. chikepe German Vakarwisa boka, asi kuwana nengozi kuti kukundwa, vakadzokera shure. By kufara zvinongoitikawo vashandi akakwanisa kuponesa chikepe chake kubva zvinooneka kukuvara.

Wakabata pamwe basa musangano ane perekedza, idzva Captain Meisel asarudza kudzokera Europe. Vafambisi vari vaneta kuhondo basa utsinye okunze uye okunze. Asi pashure rimwe zuva munzira kudzokera kuFrance akakunda "hipper" pakupedzisira rombo. Ship akarwisa mushambadzi steamship "Yamuna". The chipfuro rova yakawanda pfuti, vakabatana torpedoes maviri. The chikepe rikanyura nokukurumidza, asi Maisel aitya kuti Britain vakakwanisa kubudisa nhamo chiratidzo chiri pedyo mudungwe wemabhazi. Kudai akanga akabatwa "Hipper", ipapo vokuGermany kuti kamwe zvakare aifanira kurwa muhondo dzisakarurama. Saka, akapedza ne "Yamuna", mukuru akapa kuti aende kuna France. Akakurumidza, Maisel haana kusimudza kuti bhodhi iri achinyatsotaurira nenyanza pamusoro Varungu. Somugumisiro, 111 vanhu vose "Yamuna", akafa. December 27, "Admiral Hipper" midzi panguva dhoku muna Brest.

Azores Battle

Pashure Atlantic rwendo "hipper" iri kugadziriswa. Repair akatora chaizvo mwedzi, uye kare 1 February 1941 ngarawa vakaenda zvakare kupinda mugungwa mvura. 11 nhamba, apo kwete kure ari Azores, ngarava German vakarega unonyevera bara steamer "Aysland". Kamwe chikepe German uye akanzi "Dahlia." Zvino vaiva Great Britain. "Hipper" rikanyura shure chibayiro chacho mudungwe wemabhazi.

Kubva vezvikepe vakauya muchikepe "Ayslanda" Maisel akadzidza pamusoro kuzvimba wenyika pedyo zvachose kuzvidzivirira boka ngarava. Yaiva mudungwe wemabhazi, iyo akabva muFreetown (Sierra Leone). Chaiva ngarava vakawanda 19 enzvimbo England, Norway uye Greece. The guru Kubudirira yaiva yokuti mudungwe wemabhazi yakanga zvachose isina kuchengeteka perekedza. February 12, "Admiral Hipper" pasina chero zvipingamupinyi rikanyura 7 ngarava. 3 zvikuru dzakanga dzaparadzwa zvakakomba.

Zvaakanga kubudirira zvikuru chaizvo kubudirira mabasa avo, "Admiral Hipper" vakadzokera Brest. In March 1941 akatamira kuguta Kiel, apo akapedza rimwe gore. Panguva ino chikepe upgraded uye akazadza kamafurashi itsva. Muna March 1942, iye akasvika Trondheim. Battlestar aitarisira wokupedzisira kuchamhembe rutsigiro.

"Regenborgen"

Nokufunga hworudzii inorema sevatsvaki vemapuranga "Admiral Hipper" aifanira kuita kuvhura Arctic convoys, murayiro wokuGermany zvikepe vakamira rakasanangurwa boka chikepe musoro. With pavanopinda USSR kuhondo akavhiyiwa akafanana zvava zvikuru. Arctic convoys akaenda Soviet Union kubva US uye muUK. Tichibatsirwa vavo vakatakura Zvipire-Lease chirongwa. Maererano Northern kuGungwa Route muna USSR akapa zvakafanira kuti kubata hondo Third Reich hondo zvinhu.

The oparesheni kunomisa raitevera mudungwe wemabhazi rinonzi "Regenborgen" ( "Rainbow"). Command ratora mukuru ari mukuru Kriegsmarine Admiral Raeder. Pamwechete "hipper" chaibatanidzwa bvuta mamwe rinorema ngarawa "Lutzow", uye matanhatu kuvaparadzi. The yokuzviparadzanisa akaenda kugungwa December 30, 1942. Yaiva usiku polar. Nokuda taramba zvikepe akafukidzwa ine goko echando, kudzivisa kushandiswa pakukurukurirana mano uye zvokushandisa.

"Gore Idzva Battle"

Mangwanani December 31 mudungwe wemabhazi akaona sazivikanwa kuvaparadzi. VokuGermany vakanga rombo: Britain vakasarudza kuti vakamhanya kuva patrol Soviet. Nokuda kwokukanganisa ichi, moto, ngarava akazaruka Third Reich, chaiva mudungwe wemabhazi ndaisazvitarisira wakakwana. Kunyange zvakadaro, Britain akakurumidza kugadzirisa chikanganiso chake. zvikepe zvavo rweJerusarema kuitira muhondo, uye akaneta yehondo smokescreen.

Mushure hafu yeawa pashure kudhumhana, mukuru mudungwe wemabhazi Robert Sherbrooke vakadzidza zvikuru siluetti "Admiral Hipper". The zvinangwa vokutanga vakasarudza ngarawa nemuparadzi "Ekeytes", iro nechinangwa moto yakavhurwa. Nokuda ekunze uye dymzavesy murwi German vaiedza chamber pasi chikepe muvengi. Zvisinei, nenguva 13 o'clock, "Ekeytes" akanyudza, uye vezvikepe ake 80 vakanongazve vakapindira kunobatsira trawler.

Zvose akaenda maererano plan, asi Kriegsmarine, asi panguva isiri nguva yokuti vokuGermany pakarepo kwakaonekwa pedyo kuBritain ngarawa "Sheffield" uye "Jamaica". Vakafukidza "Admiral Hipper" moto zvinouraya. vaparadzi German akatora kuuya pamusoro dare ravo, vava pedyo navo uye akatora zvinouraya corners. Zvichakadai, mumwe ngarawa "Lutzow" akaenda ndokudzingirira mudungwe wemabhazi. Mukuru aiziva chikanganiso chake, asi zvakanga yapera: akapa kuti vabve kune kuchiteshi. Vapfure kubva "Admiral Hipper", iro mudungwe wemabhazi akaramba rwendo zvayo Soviet Murmansk. Kukundikana kushanda kwakaita kuti kusiya basa Eriha Redera kubva pambiru Chief of German Navy.

The chengetedza

Zvikuru dzaparadzwa muGungwa Barents ngarawa «Admiral Hipper» akatevera kuti kugadziridza, pashure kwaakanyaradzwa akanyoresa kuchengeterwa uye akamira pakati Gotenhafene. Kakawanda dzaiuya anenge polutoratysyachny chikwata. Muna March 1944 zvakanzi akateverwa yakaronga kugadzirira chikepe kuti mashandiro ramangwana. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti munguva yakafanira. Paiva asina kukwana nhengo uye vanhu vanogara kuvhiringidza basa Union uye Soviet Air Force. Bhaira kamuri №3, vakapiswa "New Year pamakakatanwa", uye haana kuisa muhurongwa. Kamwe guru velha kwakanga ikozvino kukodzera kunyange achifamba-famba pamhenderekedzo.

Ini ndauya 1945. January 1, kurapa rengarava akarayira kuchenesa "Admiral Hipper" ayo mapatya "Prints Oygen" kwemwedzi mitatu. Zvichakadaro, mune pachiteshi kusvika mauto eSoviet. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, panzvimbo pakugadzira vakanga kubata kubvisa. January 29, "hipper" akasiya Gotenhafen, pasinei nokuti akanga ashanda chete turbine chete. Mu "Chrome" kuwedzera chikepe chikwata chake misasa hafu zviuru evacuees a. Nokukurumidza, nyika ngarawa yaiva munharaunda apo 30 muSoviet yepasi pemvura "S-13" akanga akanyura mufambi liner "Vilgelm Gustlov". Captain Hans Henigst nokuda kuzara mudziyo akagadzira apfuura lifeboats uye liferafts, izvo ndakadaro akadonha kwokuputsika eGermany.

February 2, "Admiral Hipper" asvika muguta Kiel. Zuva rinotevera racho, chiteshi chengarava Akatsoropodzwa ndege British. Munguva bvuta ngarava vakawana mamwe kwakafanorongwa shoma. A moto payakatanga uye akapisa ngarawa akagara pasi dhoku yenyu. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, kuti Navy akamisa itwa agadziridze yaimbova Navy kuzvikudza. Mushure Kuregwa Third Reich muna May 1945, "Admiral Hipper" akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara chicherwa.